IEC 60721-3-5:2026
(Main)Classification of environmental conditions - Part 3-5: Classification of groups of environmental parameters and their severities - Ground vehicle installations
Classification of environmental conditions - Part 3-5: Classification of groups of environmental parameters and their severities - Ground vehicle installations
IEC 60721-3-5:2026 classifies the groups of environmental parameters and their severities to which a product, not forming part of the vehicle, is subjected when installed on or in a ground vehicle. Such products are for example radios, communication systems, fare meters, flow meters for liquids transported by the vehicle, for example milk, petroleum products, etc. Vehicles where products can be permanently or temporarily installed include
- road vehicles: passenger cars, commercial vehicles, special vehicles, towing vehicles, trailers, mopeds, motorcycles,
- rail vehicles: trains, trams,
- tracked vehicles: excavators, cranes, rubber tracked vehicles,
- overland vehicles: four-wheel drive cars, tractors, snow scooters,
- handling and storage vehicles: fork-lift trucks (manual and robot), luggage transporters, and
- self-propelled machinery: diggers, harvesters.
This third edition cancels and replaces the second edition, published in 1997. This edition constitutes a technical revision.
This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition:
a) most classes have been replaced by completely new classes based on the use of additional information obtained from referenced Technical Reports;
b) Table 1 through to Table 7 have been reviewed and updated;
c) the content of Annex A and Annex B has either been incorporated into the main body of the document or deleted.
Classification des conditions d'environnement - Partie 3-5: Classification des groupements des agents d'environnement et de leurs sévérités -Installations de véhicules terrestres
L'IEC 60721-3-5:2026 classifie les groupements des agents d'environnement et leurs sévérités, auxquels est soumis un produit qui ne fait pas partie du véhicule, lorsque le produit est installé sur ou dans un véhicule terrestre. Les exemples de tels produits sont les récepteurs radio, les systèmes de communication, les compteurs de kilométrage/tarification, les débitmètres pour les liquides transportés par le véhicule, par exemple lait, produits pétroliers, etc. Les véhicules à bord desquels les produits peuvent être installés de façon permanente ou provisoire comprennent
- les véhicules routiers: véhicules de tourisme, véhicules utilitaires, véhicules spéciaux, véhicules tracteurs, remorques, cyclomoteurs, motocyclettes;
- les véhicules ferroviaires: trains, tramways;
- les véhicules à chenilles: pelles, grues, véhicules à chenilles en caoutchouc;
- les véhicules tout-terrain: véhicules à quatre roues motrices, tracteurs, motoneiges;
- les véhicules de manutention et de stockage: chariots élévateurs à fourche (manuels et robotisés), convoyeurs à bagages; et
- les machines automotrices: excavatrices, moissonneuses.
Cette troisième édition annule et remplace la deuxième édition parue en 1997. Cette édition constitue une révision technique.
Cette édition inclut les modifications techniques majeures suivantes par rapport à l'édition précédente:
a) la plupart des classes ont été remplacées par des classes totalement nouvelles, établies en fonction de l'utilisation d'informations supplémentaires obtenues dans les Rapports techniques référencés;
b) les Tableau 1 à Tableau 7 ont été revus et mis à jour;
c) le contenu de l'Annexe A et de l'Annexe B a été soit incorporé dans le corps principal du document soit supprimé.
General Information
- Status
- Published
- Publication Date
- 13-Jan-2026
- Technical Committee
- TC 104 - Environmental conditions, classification and methods of test
- Drafting Committee
- MT 19 - TC 104/MT 19
- Current Stage
- PPUB - Publication issued
- Start Date
- 14-Jan-2026
- Completion Date
- 23-Jan-2026
Relations
- Effective Date
- 05-Sep-2023
Overview
IEC 60721-3-5:2026 is an international standard published by the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) that classifies environmental conditions specifically associated with ground vehicle installations. This third edition updates the previous 1997 version with significant technical revisions, introducing new classification classes informed by recent technical reports. The standard defines the environmental parameters and their severities that non-vehicle products-such as radios, flow meters, and communication systems-encounter when installed on or in various ground vehicles.
The scope encompasses a wide range of vehicle types where these products may be permanently or temporarily installed, including:
- Road vehicles (passenger cars, commercial vehicles, motorcycles, trailers)
- Rail vehicles (trains, trams)
- Tracked vehicles (excavators, cranes)
- Overland vehicles (tractors, snow scooters)
- Handling and storage vehicles (fork-lift trucks, luggage transporters)
- Self-propelled machinery (diggers, harvesters)
This classification assists manufacturers and designers in understanding the environmental stresses products face in vehicle installation contexts, fostering improved durability and reliability.
Key Topics
The standard systematically categorizes environmental parameters and their severities relevant to ground vehicle-installed products, focusing on those conditions that may cause harm. Key classification areas include:
- Climatic Conditions (K): Covers temperature, humidity, solar radiation, precipitation, and atmospheric pressure experienced by ground vehicle-installed products.
- Special Climatic Conditions (Z): Addresses unique environmental phenomena affecting installations, such as icing.
- Biological Conditions (B): Considers biological factors like mold or insect exposure.
- Chemically Active Substances (C): Covers exposure to corrosive chemicals or pollutants.
- Mechanically Active Substances (S): Involves dust, dirt, and solid particulates.
- Contaminating Fluids (F): Includes exposure to fluids like fuel, oils, or hydraulic liquids.
- Mechanical Conditions (M): Details vibration, shock, and mechanical stress relevant to ground vehicles.
The classification tables provided (Tables 1 to 7) have been revised and updated with consolidated knowledge to ensure the latest environmental parameters and their severities are addressed comprehensively.
Applications
IEC 60721-3-5:2026 provides vital guidance for the design, testing, and evaluation of electronic and mechanical products installed on ground vehicles. Its practical applications include:
- Product Design: Enables engineers to select materials and components that withstand expected environmental stresses - such as vibration, temperature extremes, and chemical exposure - enhancing product longevity and performance.
- Testing and Validation: Facilitates the creation of test protocols that simulate real-world conditions products will face when installed in various vehicle types.
- Quality Assurance: Supports manufacturers in certifying that their products meet standardized environmental requirements, minimizing failure rates in operational environments.
- Product Specification: Assists in defining whether a product must operate continuously or merely survive without damage under specified environmental severities.
- Cross-Industry Use: Applicable in automotive, rail, construction, agricultural machinery, and storage vehicle sectors, ensuring consistent environmental classification across industries.
By considering combined environmental influences, such as simultaneous vibration and temperature changes, organizations can better assess risk and improve product resilience in complex vehicle environments.
Related Standards
IEC 60721-3-5:2026 is part of the broader IEC 60721 series, which comprehensively addresses classification of environmental conditions for different products and contexts. Related standards include:
- IEC 60721-1: Classification of environmental conditions - Part 1: Environmental parameters and their severities.
- IEC 60721-3-1 & IEC 60721-3-2: Address environmental conditions related to storage and transportation.
- Technical Reports IEC TR 62130, IEC TR 62131-3, 4, 5, 8: Provide additional detailed data on environmental conditions, aiding in class definition and application within the IEC 60721 series.
These standards collectively support manufacturers and users in defining and applying environmental classifications to ensure appropriate durability and reliability under specific operational and non-operational conditions.
Keywords: IEC 60721-3-5:2026, environmental conditions classification, ground vehicle installations, vehicle environmental parameters, vibration classification, climatic conditions standard, chemical exposure, mechanical stress, IEC standards, product durability, vehicle-installed electronics, environmental severity, product design guidelines.
IEC 60721-3-5:2026 - Classification of environmental conditions - Part 3-5: Classification of groups of environmental parameters and their severities - Ground vehicle installations Released:14. 01. 2026 Isbn:9782832709832
IEC 60721-3-5:2026 - Classification des conditions d'environnement - Partie 3-5: Classification des groupements des agents d'environnement et de leurs sévérités -Installations de véhicules terrestres Released:14. 01. 2026 Isbn:9782832709832
IEC 60721-3-5:2026 - Classification of environmental conditions - Part 3-5: Classification of groups of environmental parameters and their severities - Ground vehicle installations Released:14. 01. 2026 Isbn:9782832709832
Frequently Asked Questions
IEC 60721-3-5:2026 is a standard published by the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC). Its full title is "Classification of environmental conditions - Part 3-5: Classification of groups of environmental parameters and their severities - Ground vehicle installations". This standard covers: IEC 60721-3-5:2026 classifies the groups of environmental parameters and their severities to which a product, not forming part of the vehicle, is subjected when installed on or in a ground vehicle. Such products are for example radios, communication systems, fare meters, flow meters for liquids transported by the vehicle, for example milk, petroleum products, etc. Vehicles where products can be permanently or temporarily installed include - road vehicles: passenger cars, commercial vehicles, special vehicles, towing vehicles, trailers, mopeds, motorcycles, - rail vehicles: trains, trams, - tracked vehicles: excavators, cranes, rubber tracked vehicles, - overland vehicles: four-wheel drive cars, tractors, snow scooters, - handling and storage vehicles: fork-lift trucks (manual and robot), luggage transporters, and - self-propelled machinery: diggers, harvesters. This third edition cancels and replaces the second edition, published in 1997. This edition constitutes a technical revision. This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition: a) most classes have been replaced by completely new classes based on the use of additional information obtained from referenced Technical Reports; b) Table 1 through to Table 7 have been reviewed and updated; c) the content of Annex A and Annex B has either been incorporated into the main body of the document or deleted.
IEC 60721-3-5:2026 classifies the groups of environmental parameters and their severities to which a product, not forming part of the vehicle, is subjected when installed on or in a ground vehicle. Such products are for example radios, communication systems, fare meters, flow meters for liquids transported by the vehicle, for example milk, petroleum products, etc. Vehicles where products can be permanently or temporarily installed include - road vehicles: passenger cars, commercial vehicles, special vehicles, towing vehicles, trailers, mopeds, motorcycles, - rail vehicles: trains, trams, - tracked vehicles: excavators, cranes, rubber tracked vehicles, - overland vehicles: four-wheel drive cars, tractors, snow scooters, - handling and storage vehicles: fork-lift trucks (manual and robot), luggage transporters, and - self-propelled machinery: diggers, harvesters. This third edition cancels and replaces the second edition, published in 1997. This edition constitutes a technical revision. This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition: a) most classes have been replaced by completely new classes based on the use of additional information obtained from referenced Technical Reports; b) Table 1 through to Table 7 have been reviewed and updated; c) the content of Annex A and Annex B has either been incorporated into the main body of the document or deleted.
IEC 60721-3-5:2026 is classified under the following ICS (International Classification for Standards) categories: 19.040 - Environmental testing. The ICS classification helps identify the subject area and facilitates finding related standards.
IEC 60721-3-5:2026 has the following relationships with other standards: It is inter standard links to IEC 60721-3-5:1997. Understanding these relationships helps ensure you are using the most current and applicable version of the standard.
IEC 60721-3-5:2026 is available in PDF format for immediate download after purchase. The document can be added to your cart and obtained through the secure checkout process. Digital delivery ensures instant access to the complete standard document.
Standards Content (Sample)
IEC 60721-3-5 ®
Edition 3.0 2026-01
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
Classification of environmental conditions -
Part 3-5: Classification of groups of environmental parameters and their
severities - Ground vehicle installations
ICS 19.040 ISBN 978-2-8327-0983-2
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CONTENTS
FOREWORD . 2
1 Scope . 4
2 Normative references . 4
3 Terms and definitions . 4
4 General . 5
5 Classification of groups of environmental parameters and their severities . 6
5.1 General . 6
5.2 Climatic conditions (K) . 6
5.3 Special climatic conditions (Z) . 9
5.4 Biological conditions (B) . 10
5.5 Chemically active substances (C) . 10
5.6 Mechanically active substances (S) . 11
5.7 Contaminating fluids (F) . 12
5.8 Mechanical conditions (M) . 12
Bibliography . 16
Figure 1 – Stationary vibration, sinusoidal . 14
Figure 2 – Stationary vibration, random . 14
Figure 3 – Non-stationary shock conditions . 15
Table 1 – Classification of climatic conditions . 8
Table 2 – Classification of special climatic conditions . 10
Table 3 – Classification of biological conditions . 10
Table 4 – Classification of chemically active substances. 11
Table 5 – Classification of mechanically active substances . 11
Table 6 – Classification of contaminating fluids. 12
Table 7 – Classification of mechanical conditions . 13
INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION
____________
Classification of environmental conditions -
Part 3-5: Classification of groups of environmental parameters
and their severities - Ground vehicle installations
FOREWORD
1) The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is a worldwide organization for standardization comprising
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8) Attention is drawn to the Normative references cited in this publication. Use of the referenced publications is
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the latest information, which may be obtained from the patent database available at https://patents.iec.ch. IEC
shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
IEC 60721-3-5 has been prepared by IEC technical committee 104: Environmental conditions,
classification and methods of test. It is an International Standard.
This third edition cancels and replaces the second edition, published in 1997. This edition
constitutes a technical revision.
This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous
edition:
a) most classes have been replaced by completely new classes based on the use of additional
information obtained from referenced Technical Reports;
b) Table 1 through to Table 7 have been reviewed and updated;
c) the content of Annex A and Annex B has either been incorporated into the main body of the
document or deleted.
The text of this International Standard is based on the following documents:
Draft Report on voting
104/1138/FDIS 104/1146/RVD
Full information on the voting for its approval can be found in the report on voting indicated in
the above table.
The language used for the development of this International Standard is English.
This document was drafted in accordance with ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2, and developed in
accordance with ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1 and ISO/IEC Directives, IEC Supplement, available
at www.iec.ch/members_experts/refdocs. The main document types developed by IEC are
described in greater detail at www.iec.ch/publications.
A list of all parts in the IEC 60721 series, published under the general title Classification of
environmental conditions, can be found on the IEC website.
The committee has decided that the contents of this document will remain unchanged until the
stability date indicated on the IEC website under webstore.iec.ch in the data related to the
specific document. At this date, the document will be
– reconfirmed,
– withdrawn, or
– revised.
1 Scope
This part of IEC 60721 classifies the groups of environmental parameters and their severities
to which a product, not forming part of the vehicle, is subjected when installed on or in a ground
vehicle. Such products are for example radios, communication systems, fare meters, flow
meters for liquids transported by the vehicle, for example milk, petroleum products, etc.
Vehicles where products can be permanently or temporarily installed include
– road vehicles: passenger cars, commercial vehicles, special vehicles, towing vehicles,
trailers, mopeds, motorcycles,
– rail vehicles: trains, trams,
– tracked vehicles: excavators, cranes, rubber tracked vehicles,
– overland vehicles: four-wheel drive cars, tractors, snow scooters,
– handling and storage vehicles: fork-lift trucks (manual and robot), luggage transporters, and
– self-propelled machinery: diggers, harvesters.
Although this document is not intended for products forming part of the vehicles, the
environmental condition classification can also be used for some exchangeable parts, installed
in a similar way and in the same locations of the vehicle as products which do not form part of
the vehicle. Only severe conditions which can be harmful to products are included.
Conditions of storage, transportation and handling are given in IEC 60721-3-1 and
IEC 60721-3-2. Classification of storage and transportation environmental conditions are given
in other subparts of the IEC 60721-3 series.
Accidental incidents are not included, but it can be important to take their occurrence into
account for products vital to the safety of the ground vehicle.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies.
For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any
amendments) applies.
IEC 60721-1, Classification of environmental conditions - Part 1: Environmental parameters and
their severities
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in IEC 60721-1 and the
following apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminology databases for use in standardization at the following
addresses:
– IEC Electropedia: available at https://www.electropedia.org/
– ISO Online browsing platform: available at https://www.iso.org/obp
3.1
internally mounted
mounted internally in the vehicle, in a compartment which affords some protection from the
environment, ranging from complete isolation from external influences to protection only from
precipitation when the vehicle is not moving
3.2
externally mounted
mounted on the outside of the vehicle and not protected from any external influences
3.3
weatherprotected
protected from the influences of meteorological conditions
3.4
non-weatherprotected
not protected from the influences of meteorological conditions
4 General
A product can be subjected to a range of environmental conditions during its lifetime. These
conditions have been separated into classes described in IEC 60721-3-0. The classes given
can be used for defining the maximum short-term environmental stresses on a product.
However, they do not provide information regarding the long-term or total lifetime environmental
stresses a product can experience. This means that no reliability or lifetime assessment is
possible based on these classes alone. Refer to IEC 60721-2-1, IEC 60721-2-2, IEC 60721-2-3,
IEC 60721-2-4 and IEC 60721-2-5 and applicable technical reports (IEC TR 62130 as well as
IEC TR 62131-3, IEC TR 62131-4, IEC TR 62131-5 and IEC TR 62131-8) for further
information on actual environmental conditions.
A product can be simultaneously exposed to a number of environmental parameters. For
example, solar radiation with temperature, temperature with humidity, as well as vibration with
temperature change. Combinations of the environmental parameters given can increase the
stress effect on a product. Therefore, combined conditions should be considered in the design
and evaluation of a product.
Products should be designed to survive and operate in different environments. Basically, they
will be affected by environmental influences in two ways:
– by the effects of short-term extreme environmental conditions which can directly cause
malfunction or destroy the product;
– by the effect of long-term subjection to non-extreme environmental stresses which can
slowly degrade the product and finally cause malfunction or destruction of the product.
Short-term extreme environmental conditions can occur at any time in a product's life. A product
can be unaffected by an extreme condition when it is new but fail when it is subjected to the
same condition after being used for a long period of time due to the effect of ageing. The order
in which the environmental conditions are applied can affect the results of an evaluation.
It is important for the product specification, when referring to a certain class in the
IEC 60721-3 series, to define whether the product is required to be capable of operating or only
to survive without permanent damage when being exposed to the conditions described by the
class.
The environmental classes can be used as a basis for the selection of design and test severities
with respect to the consequence of failure. Information contained in the IEC 60721-3 series can
be used as a means to help establish expected requirements for use, storage, transportation,
etc., and in the development of relevant specifications. The selected severities used for testing
should attempt to produce the effects of the actual environment.
EXAMPLE 1 A high temperature test on a heat dissipating product is designed to simulate the thermal effect of
subjecting a product to conditions of high air temperature, solar radiation and other possible heat sources dependent
on the application.
EXAMPLE 2 In a mechanical shock test, the product can be subjected to mechanical shocks of simple pulse shapes
(e.g., half-sine), while the actual conditions cannot be described by such simple pulses.
It is recognized that extreme or special environmental conditions can exist which require
consideration of severities that are not addressed by this document.
5 Classification of groups of environmental parameters and their severities
5.1 General
A number of classes for climatic conditions (K), special climatic conditions (Z), biological
conditions (B), chemically active substances (C), mechanically active substances (S), and
mechanical conditions (M) are specified.
This classification allows for a number of possible combinations of environmental conditions
which bear upon products wherever geographically located. It represents the real situation
concerning worldwide conditions of storage due to local influences. For certain environmental
parameters, it has not yet been possible to specify quantitative severities.
For a given location or product, reference should be made to the total set of classes as defined
in 5.2 through 5.8, for example:
5K11/5Z2/5B1/5C2/5S5/5F1/5M5
5.2 Climatic conditions (K)
NOTE The classes defined in IEC 60721-3-5:1985 and IEC 60721-3-5:1997 have been replaced with new classes
as a result of recent efforts at collecting information regarding climatic conditions. Those results are contained in
Technical Reports referenced in this document.
When selecting appropriate classes, attention should be paid to the fact that the climatic
conditions inside buildings can depend on the outside (open-air) conditions, especially air
temperature and solar radiation, and the type of building construction. Walls with good thermal
insulation or high thermal capacity can consistently smooth the peaks of outside air temperature
variations between day and night, or, exceptionally, those produced over a longer period of
time. Walls with poor thermal insulation or low thermal capacity cannot have this effect and
peaks can be magnified due to the effect of solar radiation during the day, and to the effect of
building radiation at night. The effect of solar radiation can be increased by either heat-trap or
greenhouse effects.
The severity of these effects can be influenced for instance by constructional details (sort and
thickness of material, colour of surface, sealing or breathing of casings or enclosures, product
heating, etc.) and by mounting details (selection of mounting site, consideration of degree of
exposure to prevailing wind and weather, etc.).
The climatic conditions specified in Table 1 for classes 5K7 to 5K14 refer to the conditions in
use of the products. These conditions have been experienced worldwide over a long period of
time taking into account all the parameters that can influence them, such as open-air climatic
conditions, type of building construction, temperature/humidity controlling systems, and internal
conditions, for example heat dissipation from other equipment, presence of humans. The
conditions should cover all normal cases, but not exceptional events.
_________
This publication has been withdrawn.
5K7 applies to products installed in vehicles used in weatherprotected fully air-conditioned
enclosed locations or in heated and
...
IEC 60721-3-5 ®
Edition 3.0 2026-01
NORME
INTERNATIONALE
Classification des conditions d'environnement -
Partie 3-5: Classification des groupements des agents d'environnement et de
leurs sévérités -Installations de véhicules terrestres
ICS 19.040 ISBN 978-2-8327-0983-2
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SOMMAIRE
AVANT-PROPOS . 2
1 Domaine d'application . 4
2 Références normatives . 4
3 Termes et définitions. 4
4 Généralités . 5
5 Classification des groupements des agents d'environnement et de leurs sévérités . 6
5.1 Généralités . 6
5.2 Conditions climatiques (K) . 6
5.3 Conditions climatiques spéciales (Z) . 10
5.4 Conditions biologiques (B) . 10
5.5 Substances chimiquement actives (C). 11
5.6 Substances mécaniquement actives (S) . 12
5.7 Fluides contaminants (F) . 13
5.8 Conditions mécaniques (M) . 13
Bibliographie . 17
Figure 1 – Vibrations stationnaires, sinusoïdales . 15
Figure 2 – Vibrations stationnaires, aléatoires . 15
Figure 3 – Conditions de choc non stationnaires . 16
Tableau 1 – Classification des conditions climatiques. 8
Tableau 2 – Classification des conditions climatiques spéciales . 10
Tableau 3 – Classification des conditions biologiques . 11
Tableau 4 – Classification des substances chimiquement actives . 12
Tableau 5 – Classification des substances mécaniquement actives . 12
Tableau 6 – Classification des fluides contaminants . 13
Tableau 7 – Classification des conditions mécaniques . 14
COMMISSION ÉLECTROTECHNIQUE INTERNATIONALE
____________
Classification des conditions d'environnement –
Partie 3-5: Classification des groupements des agents d'environnement
et de leurs sévérités – Installations à bord de véhicules terrestres
AVANT-PROPOS
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L'IEC ne saurait être tenue pour responsable de ne pas avoir identifié de tels droits de brevets.
L'IEC 60721-3-5 a été établie par le comité d'études 104 de l'IEC: Conditions, classification et
essais d'environnement. Il s'agit d'une Norme internationale.
Cette troisième édition annule et remplace la deuxième édition parue en 1997. Cette édition
constitue une révision technique.
Cette édition inclut les modifications techniques majeures suivantes par rapport à l'édition
précédente:
a) la plupart des classes ont été remplacées par des classes totalement nouvelles, établies en
fonction de l'utilisation d'informations supplémentaires obtenues dans les Rapports
techniques référencés;
b) les Tableau 1 à Tableau 7 ont été revus et mis à jour;
c) le contenu de l'Annexe A et de l'Annexe B a été soit incorporé dans le corps principal du
document soit supprimé.
Le texte de cette Norme internationale est issu des documents suivants:
Projet Rapport de vote
104/1138/FDIS 104/1146/RVD
Le rapport de vote indiqué dans le tableau ci-dessus donne toute information sur le vote ayant
abouti à son approbation.
La langue employée pour l'élaboration de cette Norme internationale est l'anglais.
Ce document a été rédigé selon les Directives ISO/IEC, Partie 2, il a été développé selon les
Directives ISO/IEC, Partie 1 et les Directives ISO/IEC, Supplément IEC, disponibles sous
www.iec.ch/members_experts/refdocs. Les principaux types de documents développés par
l'IEC sont décrits plus en détail sous www.iec.ch/publications.
Une liste de toutes les parties de la série IEC 60721, publiées sous le titre général Classification
des conditions d'environnement, se trouve sur le site web de l'IEC.
Le comité a décidé que le contenu de ce document ne sera pas modifié avant la date de stabilité
indiquée sur le site web de l'IEC sous webstore.iec.ch dans les données relatives au document
recherché. À cette date, le document sera
– reconduit,
– supprimé, ou
– révisé.
1 Domaine d'application
La présente partie de l'IEC 60721 classifie les groupements des agents d'environnement et
leurs sévérités, auxquels est soumis un produit qui ne fait pas partie du véhicule, lorsque le
produit est installé sur ou dans un véhicule terrestre. Les exemples de tels produits sont les
récepteurs radio, les systèmes de communication, les compteurs de kilométrage/tarification,
les débitmètres pour les liquides transportés par le véhicule, par exemple lait, produits
pétroliers, etc. Les véhicules à bord desquels les produits peuvent être installés de façon
permanente ou provisoire comprennent
– les véhicules routiers: véhicules de tourisme, véhicules utilitaires, véhicules spéciaux,
véhicules tracteurs, remorques, cyclomoteurs, motocyclettes;
– les véhicules ferroviaires: trains, tramways;
– les véhicules à chenilles: pelles, grues, véhicules à chenilles en caoutchouc;
– les véhicules tout-terrain: véhicules à quatre roues motrices, tracteurs, motoneiges;
– les véhicules de manutention et de stockage: chariots élévateurs à fourche (manuels et
robotisés), convoyeurs à bagages; et
– les machines automotrices: excavatrices, moissonneuses.
Même si le présent document n'est pas destiné aux produits faisant partie des véhicules, la
classification des conditions d'environnement peut également être employée pour certaines
pièces interchangeables, installées d'une manière similaire et aux mêmes endroits du véhicule
que les produits qui ne font pas partie du véhicule. Seules les conditions de sévérité qui peuvent
être nuisibles aux produits sont incluses.
Les conditions de stockage, de transport et de manutention sont données dans l'IEC 60721-3-1
et l'IEC 60721-3-2. La classification des conditions d'environnement pour le stockage et le
transport est donnée dans d'autres sous-parties de la série IEC 60721-3.
Les incidents de nature accidentelle ne sont pas inclus, mais il peut être important de prendre
en compte leur occurrence dans le cadre des produits d'importance vitale pour la sécurité du
véhicule terrestre.
2 Références normatives
Les documents suivants sont cités dans le texte de sorte qu'ils constituent, pour tout ou partie
de leur contenu, des exigences du présent document. Pour les références datées, seule
l'édition citée s'applique. Pour les références non datées, la dernière édition du document de
référence s'applique (y compris les éventuels amendements).
IEC 60721-1, Classification des conditions d'environnement − Partie 1: Agents d'environnement
et leurs sévérités
3 Termes et définitions
Pour les besoins du présent document, les termes et définitions de l'IEC 60721-1 ainsi que les
suivants s'appliquent.
L'ISO et l'IEC tiennent à jour des bases de données terminologiques destinées à être utilisées
en normalisation, consultables aux adresses suivantes:
– IEC Electropedia: disponible à l'adresse https://www.electropedia.org/
– ISO Online browsing platform: disponible à l'adresse https://www.iso.org/obp
3.1
monté à l'intérieur
monté à l'intérieur du véhicule dans un compartiment qui bénéficie d'une certaine protection
contre l'environnement, de l'isolation totale vis-à-vis des influences extérieures jusqu'à la
protection seulement contre les précipitations lorsque le véhicule est à l'arrêt
3.2
monté à l'extérieur
monté à l'extérieur du véhicule et qui n'est pas protégé contre les influences extérieures
3.3
protégé contre les intempéries
protégé contre les influences des conditions météorologiques
3.4
non protégé contre les intempéries
non protégé contre les influences des conditions météorologiques
4 Généralités
Un produit peut être soumis à une grande variété de conditions d'environnement pendant sa
durée de vie. Ces conditions ont été séparées dans différentes classes, décrites dans
l'IEC 60721-3-0. Ces classes peuvent être utilisées pour définir les contraintes d'environnement
maximales à court terme sur un produit. Toutefois, elles ne fournissent pas d'informations sur
les contraintes d'environnement qu'un produit peut subir à long terme ou au cours de sa durée
de vie totale. Cela signifie qu'aucune évaluation de la fiabilité ou de la durée de vie n'est
possible en s'appuyant uniquement sur ces classes. Pour plus d'informations sur les conditions
d'environnement réelles, voir l'IEC 60721-2-1, l'IEC 60721-2-2, l'IEC 60721-2-3,
l'IEC 60721-2-4 et l'IEC 60721-2-5, et les rapports techniques pertinents (l'IEC TR 62130 ainsi
que l'IEC TR 62131-3, l'IEC TR 62131-4, l'IEC TR 62131-5 et l'IEC TR 62131-8).
Un produit peut être exposé simultanément à un certain nombre d'agents d'environnement. Par
exemple, le rayonnement solaire et la température, la température et l'humidité, ainsi que les
vibrations et les variations de température. Lorsqu'ils sont combinés, les agents
d'environnement indiqués peuvent accroître l'effet des contraintes sur un produit. Par
conséquent, il convient de prendre en compte ces conditions combinées lors de la conception
et de l'évaluation d'un produit.
Il convient de concevoir les produits afin qu'ils survivent et fonctionnent dans différents
environnements. Ces produits sont principalement affectés par les influences
environnementales de deux manières:
– par les effets de conditions d'environnement extrêmes à court terme qui peuvent
directement provoquer un dysfonctionnement ou détruire le produit;
– par l'effet d'une exposition à long terme à des contraintes d'environnement non extrêmes
qui peuvent provoquer une lente dégradation du produit et finalement occasionner un
dysfonctionnement ou une destruction du produit.
Des conditions d'environnement extrêmes à court terme peuvent survenir à tout moment du
cycle de vie du produit. Un produit peut ne pas être affecté par une condition extrême lorsqu'il
est neuf, mais peut présenter un dysfonctionnement lorsqu'il est soumis à la même condition
après une longue période d'utilisation en raison de l'effet du vieillissement. L'ordre dans lequel
les conditions d'environnement sont appliquées peut influencer les résultats d'une évaluation.
Il est important dans la spécification du produit, lorsqu'il est fait référence à une certaine classe
de la série IEC 60721-3, de définir si le produit doit être capable de fonctionner ou uniquement
de survivre sans dommages permanents lorsqu'il est exposé aux conditions décrites par la
classe.
Les classes d'environnement peuvent être utilisées comme facteur déterminant pour le choix
des sévérités de conception et d'essai en fonction des conséquences d'une défaillance. Les
informations contenues dans la série IEC 60721-3 peuvent être utilisées pour faciliter la
définition des exigences prévues pour l'utilisation, le stockage, le transport, etc., ainsi que pour
l'élaboration des spécifications pertinentes. Il convient que les sévérités choisies et utilisées
pour les essais s'efforcent de produire les effets de l'environnement réel.
EXEMPLE 1 Un essai à haute température sur un produit dissipant la chaleur est conçu pour simuler l'effet
thermique d'un produit soumis à des conditions de température de l'air élevée, de rayonnement solaire et d'autres
sources de chaleur possibles en fonction de l'application.
EXEMPLE 2 Lors d'un essai de choc mécanique, le produit peut être soumis à des chocs mécaniques de formes
d'impulsions simples (par exemple, semi-sinusoïdales), alors que les conditions réelles ne peuvent pas être décrites
par des impulsions aussi simples.
Il est reconnu qu'il peut exister des conditions d'environnement extrêmes ou spéciales qui
exigent l'examen de sévérités qui ne sont pas traitées dans le présent document.
5 Classification des groupements des agents d'environnement et de leurs
sévérités
5.1 Généralités
Un certain nombre de classes pour les conditions climatiques (K), les conditions climatiques
spéciales (Z), les conditions biologiques (B), les substances chimiquement actives (C), les
substances mécaniquement actives (S) et les conditions mécaniques (M) sont spécifiées.
Cette classification permet d'établir un certain nombre de combinaisons possibles de conditions
d'environnement qui ont une influence sur les produits, quel que soit leur emplacement
géographique. Elle représente la situation réelle pour des conditions universelles de stockage
dues aux influences locales. Il n'a pas encore été possible de spécifier des valeurs quantitatives
de sévérité pour certains agents d'environnement.
Pour un produit ou un endroit donné, il convient de se référer à l'ensemble des classes définies
du 5.2 au 5.8, par exemple:
5K11/5Z2/5B1/5C2/5S5/5F1/5M5
5.2 Conditions climatiques (K)
NOTE Les classes définies dans l'IEC 60721-3-5:1985 et l'IEC 60721-3-5:1997 ont été remplacées par de
nouvelles classes à la suite des récentes initiatives de collecte d'informations sur les conditions climatiques. Ces
résultats figurent dans les Rapports techniques référencés dans le présent document.
Lors du choix des classes appropriées, il convient de tenir compte du fait que les conditions
climatiques à l'intérieur des bâtiments peuvent dépendre des conditions extérieures (à l'air
libre), en particulier la température de l'air et le rayonnement solaire, ainsi que du type de
construction du bâtiment. Des murs présentant une bonne isolation thermique ou une capacité
thermique élevée peuvent atténuer de manière régulière les variations de la température de
l'air extérieur entre le jour et la nuit, ou celles se produisant exceptionnellement sur des
périodes plus longues. Des murs présentant une faible isolation thermique ou une faible
capacité thermique ne peuvent pas avoir cet effet, et les variations peuvent être accrues par le
rayonnement solaire le jour et par le rayonnement du bâtiment la nuit. L'action du rayonnement
solaire peut être accrue par l'effet de piège à chaleur ou de serre.
_________
Cette publication a été supprimée.
Les sévérités de ces effets peuvent être influencées, par exemple par les détails de construction
(composition et épaisseur du matériau, couleur de la surface, enveloppes ou boîtiers scellés
ou perméables, échauffement du produit, etc.) et par des détails de montage (choix du site de
montage, prise en compte du degré d'exposition aux conditions météorologiques et au vent
dominants à l'endroit considéré, etc.).
Les conditions climatiques spécifiées dans le Tableau 1 pour les classes 5K7 à 5K14 se réfèrent
aux conditions d'utilisation des produits. Ces conditions ont été éprouvées universellement sur
une longue période, compte tenu de tous les agents pouvant les influencer, notamment les
conditions climatiques à l'air libre, le type de construction du bâtiment, les systèmes de
régulation de la température/de l'humidité et les conditions à l'intérieur, par exemple la
dissipation de chaleur fournie par d'autres équipements, la présence humaine. Il convient que
les conditions couvrent tous les cas normaux, mais pas les événements exceptionnels.
5K7 couvre les produits installés à bord de véhicules utilisés dans des endroits fermés
protégés contre les intempéries et complètement climatisés ou dans des
compartiments chauffés et ventilés du véhicule, utilisés seulement après une période
de préchauffage. En principe, les produits ne sont pas soumis à des variations
provisoires ou progressives de la température de l'air environnant. Les produits sont
protégés contre l'infiltration d'eau ou de neige, et les produits et compartiments dans
lesquels ils sont installés ne sont pas soumis au rayonnement solaire. Les produits
peuvent être installés dans les compartiments moteur et soumis aux rayonnements
thermiques générés par des parties externes du moteur. Cette classe ne couvre pas
les installations situées à proximité immédiate de systèmes d
...
IEC 60721-3-5 ®
Edition 3.0 2026-01
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
NORME
INTERNATIONALE
Classification of environmental conditions -
Part 3-5: Classification of groups of environmental parameters and their
severities - Ground vehicle installations
Classification des conditions d'environnement -
Partie 3-5: Classification des groupements des agents d'environnement et de
leurs sévérités -Installations de véhicules terrestres
ICS 19.040 ISBN 978-2-8327-0983-2
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CONTENTS
FOREWORD . 2
1 Scope . 4
2 Normative references . 4
3 Terms and definitions . 4
4 General . 5
5 Classification of groups of environmental parameters and their severities . 6
5.1 General . 6
5.2 Climatic conditions (K) . 6
5.3 Special climatic conditions (Z) . 9
5.4 Biological conditions (B) . 10
5.5 Chemically active substances (C) . 10
5.6 Mechanically active substances (S) . 11
5.7 Contaminating fluids (F) . 12
5.8 Mechanical conditions (M) . 12
Bibliography . 16
Figure 1 – Stationary vibration, sinusoidal . 14
Figure 2 – Stationary vibration, random . 14
Figure 3 – Non-stationary shock conditions . 15
Table 1 – Classification of climatic conditions . 8
Table 2 – Classification of special climatic conditions . 10
Table 3 – Classification of biological conditions . 10
Table 4 – Classification of chemically active substances. 11
Table 5 – Classification of mechanically active substances . 11
Table 6 – Classification of contaminating fluids. 12
Table 7 – Classification of mechanical conditions . 13
INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION
____________
Classification of environmental conditions -
Part 3-5: Classification of groups of environmental parameters
and their severities - Ground vehicle installations
FOREWORD
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any IEC Publication and the corresponding national or regional publication shall be clearly indicated in the latter.
5) IEC itself does not provide any attestation of conformity. Independent certification bodies provide conformity
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6) All users should ensure that they have the latest edition of this publication.
7) No liability shall attach to IEC or its directors, employees, servants or agents including individual experts and
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8) Attention is drawn to the Normative references cited in this publication. Use of the referenced publications is
indispensable for the correct application of this publication.
9) IEC draws attention to the possibility that the implementation of this document may involve the use of (a)
patent(s). IEC takes no position concerning the evidence, validity or applicability of any claimed patent rights in
respect thereof. As of the date of publication of this document, IEC had not received notice of (a) patent(s), which
may be required to implement this document. However, implementers are cautioned that this may not represent
the latest information, which may be obtained from the patent database available at https://patents.iec.ch. IEC
shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
IEC 60721-3-5 has been prepared by IEC technical committee 104: Environmental conditions,
classification and methods of test. It is an International Standard.
This third edition cancels and replaces the second edition, published in 1997. This edition
constitutes a technical revision.
This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous
edition:
a) most classes have been replaced by completely new classes based on the use of additional
information obtained from referenced Technical Reports;
b) Table 1 through to Table 7 have been reviewed and updated;
c) the content of Annex A and Annex B has either been incorporated into the main body of the
document or deleted.
The text of this International Standard is based on the following documents:
Draft Report on voting
104/1138/FDIS 104/1146/RVD
Full information on the voting for its approval can be found in the report on voting indicated in
the above table.
The language used for the development of this International Standard is English.
This document was drafted in accordance with ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2, and developed in
accordance with ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1 and ISO/IEC Directives, IEC Supplement, available
at www.iec.ch/members_experts/refdocs. The main document types developed by IEC are
described in greater detail at www.iec.ch/publications.
A list of all parts in the IEC 60721 series, published under the general title Classification of
environmental conditions, can be found on the IEC website.
The committee has decided that the contents of this document will remain unchanged until the
stability date indicated on the IEC website under webstore.iec.ch in the data related to the
specific document. At this date, the document will be
– reconfirmed,
– withdrawn, or
– revised.
1 Scope
This part of IEC 60721 classifies the groups of environmental parameters and their severities
to which a product, not forming part of the vehicle, is subjected when installed on or in a ground
vehicle. Such products are for example radios, communication systems, fare meters, flow
meters for liquids transported by the vehicle, for example milk, petroleum products, etc.
Vehicles where products can be permanently or temporarily installed include
– road vehicles: passenger cars, commercial vehicles, special vehicles, towing vehicles,
trailers, mopeds, motorcycles,
– rail vehicles: trains, trams,
– tracked vehicles: excavators, cranes, rubber tracked vehicles,
– overland vehicles: four-wheel drive cars, tractors, snow scooters,
– handling and storage vehicles: fork-lift trucks (manual and robot), luggage transporters, and
– self-propelled machinery: diggers, harvesters.
Although this document is not intended for products forming part of the vehicles, the
environmental condition classification can also be used for some exchangeable parts, installed
in a similar way and in the same locations of the vehicle as products which do not form part of
the vehicle. Only severe conditions which can be harmful to products are included.
Conditions of storage, transportation and handling are given in IEC 60721-3-1 and
IEC 60721-3-2. Classification of storage and transportation environmental conditions are given
in other subparts of the IEC 60721-3 series.
Accidental incidents are not included, but it can be important to take their occurrence into
account for products vital to the safety of the ground vehicle.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies.
For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any
amendments) applies.
IEC 60721-1, Classification of environmental conditions - Part 1: Environmental parameters and
their severities
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in IEC 60721-1 and the
following apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminology databases for use in standardization at the following
addresses:
– IEC Electropedia: available at https://www.electropedia.org/
– ISO Online browsing platform: available at https://www.iso.org/obp
3.1
internally mounted
mounted internally in the vehicle, in a compartment which affords some protection from the
environment, ranging from complete isolation from external influences to protection only from
precipitation when the vehicle is not moving
3.2
externally mounted
mounted on the outside of the vehicle and not protected from any external influences
3.3
weatherprotected
protected from the influences of meteorological conditions
3.4
non-weatherprotected
not protected from the influences of meteorological conditions
4 General
A product can be subjected to a range of environmental conditions during its lifetime. These
conditions have been separated into classes described in IEC 60721-3-0. The classes given
can be used for defining the maximum short-term environmental stresses on a product.
However, they do not provide information regarding the long-term or total lifetime environmental
stresses a product can experience. This means that no reliability or lifetime assessment is
possible based on these classes alone. Refer to IEC 60721-2-1, IEC 60721-2-2, IEC 60721-2-3,
IEC 60721-2-4 and IEC 60721-2-5 and applicable technical reports (IEC TR 62130 as well as
IEC TR 62131-3, IEC TR 62131-4, IEC TR 62131-5 and IEC TR 62131-8) for further
information on actual environmental conditions.
A product can be simultaneously exposed to a number of environmental parameters. For
example, solar radiation with temperature, temperature with humidity, as well as vibration with
temperature change. Combinations of the environmental parameters given can increase the
stress effect on a product. Therefore, combined conditions should be considered in the design
and evaluation of a product.
Products should be designed to survive and operate in different environments. Basically, they
will be affected by environmental influences in two ways:
– by the effects of short-term extreme environmental conditions which can directly cause
malfunction or destroy the product;
– by the effect of long-term subjection to non-extreme environmental stresses which can
slowly degrade the product and finally cause malfunction or destruction of the product.
Short-term extreme environmental conditions can occur at any time in a product's life. A product
can be unaffected by an extreme condition when it is new but fail when it is subjected to the
same condition after being used for a long period of time due to the effect of ageing. The order
in which the environmental conditions are applied can affect the results of an evaluation.
It is important for the product specification, when referring to a certain class in the
IEC 60721-3 series, to define whether the product is required to be capable of operating or only
to survive without permanent damage when being exposed to the conditions described by the
class.
The environmental classes can be used as a basis for the selection of design and test severities
with respect to the consequence of failure. Information contained in the IEC 60721-3 series can
be used as a means to help establish expected requirements for use, storage, transportation,
etc., and in the development of relevant specifications. The selected severities used for testing
should attempt to produce the effects of the actual environment.
EXAMPLE 1 A high temperature test on a heat dissipating product is designed to simulate the thermal effect of
subjecting a product to conditions of high air temperature, solar radiation and other possible heat sources dependent
on the application.
EXAMPLE 2 In a mechanical shock test, the product can be subjected to mechanical shocks of simple pulse shapes
(e.g., half-sine), while the actual conditions cannot be described by such simple pulses.
It is recognized that extreme or special environmental conditions can exist which require
consideration of severities that are not addressed by this document.
5 Classification of groups of environmental parameters and their severities
5.1 General
A number of classes for climatic conditions (K), special climatic conditions (Z), biological
conditions (B), chemically active substances (C), mechanically active substances (S), and
mechanical conditions (M) are specified.
This classification allows for a number of possible combinations of environmental conditions
which bear upon products wherever geographically located. It represents the real situation
concerning worldwide conditions of storage due to local influences. For certain environmental
parameters, it has not yet been possible to specify quantitative severities.
For a given location or product, reference should be made to the total set of classes as defined
in 5.2 through 5.8, for example:
5K11/5Z2/5B1/5C2/5S5/5F1/5M5
5.2 Climatic conditions (K)
NOTE The classes defined in IEC 60721-3-5:1985 and IEC 60721-3-5:1997 have been replaced with new classes
as a result of recent efforts at collecting information regarding climatic conditions. Those results are contained in
Technical Reports referenced in this document.
When selecting appropriate classes, attention should be paid to the fact that the climatic
conditions inside buildings can depend on the outside (open-air) conditions, especially air
temperature and solar radiation, and the type of building construction. Walls with good thermal
insulation or high thermal capacity can consistently smooth the peaks of outside air temperature
variations between day and night, or, exceptionally, those produced over a longer period of
time. Walls with poor thermal insulation or low thermal capacity cannot have this effect and
peaks can be magnified due to the effect of solar radiation during the day, and to the effect of
building radiation at night. The effect of solar radiation can be increased by either heat-trap or
greenhouse effects.
The severity of these effects can be influenced for instance by constructional details (sort and
thickness of material, colour of surface, sealing or breathing of casings or enclosures, product
heating, etc.) and by mounting details (selection of mounting site, consideration of degree of
exposure to prevailing wind and weather, etc.).
The climatic conditions specified in Table 1 for classes 5K7 to 5K14 refer to the conditions in
use of the products. These conditions have been experienced worldwide over a long period of
time taking into account all the parameters that can influence them, such as open-air climatic
conditions, type of building construction, temperature/humidity controlling systems, and internal
conditions, for example heat dissipation from other equipment, presence of humans. The
conditions should cover all normal cases, but not exceptional events.
_________
This publication has been withdrawn.
5K7 applies to products installed in vehicles used in weatherprotected fully air-conditioned
enclosed locations or in heated and ventilated vehicle compartments, used only after
a warm-up period. The products are not assumed to be subject to momentary or
gradual changes of surrounding air temperature. The products are protected from the
ingress of water or snow, and the products and compartments in which they are
installed are not subject to solar radiation. The products may be installed in engine
compartments and subject to heat radiation from external parts of the engine. The
class does not include installations in close proximity of refrigerated air conditioning
systems.
5K8 applies to products installed in vehicles used in enclosed or partly open, heated or
unheated, unventilated compartments. The product can be subject to heat from heating
elements and solar radiation through transparencies or other openings. Includes
vehicles used outdoors. The outdoor use of the vehicle is limited to climatic areas with
normal rain intensities, excluding extremely cold, cold and cold temperate and
extremal warn dry climates. The products can be subject to outdoor cold entering
compartments when the vehicle is moving. The vehicle can move between cold outdoor
and warm indoor conditions. The product can be subject to dripping water and
conditions of wet mounting surfaces. The class encompasses products installed in
engine compartments of vehicles powered by electrical engines, used outdoors. They
can be subject to the ingress of water and snow.
5K9 applies to products installed in vehicles used in cold temperate open-air climate. It
covers installations in unventilated compartments and installations in compartments
with wet surfaces, subject to direct solar radiation and rain. The conditions for products
in engine compartments of vehicles powered by electrical engines are also covered.
5K10 applies to products installed in vehicles used in worldwide non-weatherprotected open-
air climates. The product can be directly subject to sprays and jets (i.e., from washing).
5K11 applies to products installed in vehicles used in conditions similar to 5K10 but
specifically including cold conditions but excluding extremely cold climates.
5K12 applies to products installed in vehicles used in conditions similar to 5K10 but
specifically including hot conditions but excluding extremely warm dry climates.
5K13 applies to products installed in vehicles used in warm damp and warm damp equitable
types of non-weatherprotected open-air climates (tropical damp type of climate in
areas with tropical rain forest).
5K14 applies to products installed in vehicles used in warm dry, mild warm dry and extremely
warm dry types non-weatherprotected open air climates (tropical dry type of climate in
areas near the tropics such as deserts).
Table 1 – Classification of climatic conditions
Class
Environmental parameter Unit
5K7 5K8 5K9 5K10 5K11 5K12 5K13 5K14
Low air temperature °C +5 –25 –40 –65 –25 –65 +5 –20
High air temperature in
ventilated compartments
°C +40 +40 +40 +55 +55 +40 +40 +55
(except engine compartments)
a
and outdoor air
High air temperature in
unventilated compartments
°C None +70 +70 +85 +85 +70 +70 +85
(except engine compartments)
b
High air temperature engine
°C +60 +70 +70 +85 +85 +70 +70 +85
compartments
Change of temperature, air/air –25 to –40 to –65 to –25 to –65 to +5 to –20 to
°C None
c
+30 +30 +30 +30 +30 +30 +30
Gradual change of
–25 to –40 to –65 to –25 to –65 to +5 to –20 to
°C None
temperature, air/air, except in
+30 +30 +30 +30 +30 +30 +30
engine compartment (range
°C/min None
5 5 5 5 5 5 5
and rate)
Gradual change of
–25 to –40 to –65 to –25 to –65 to +5 to –20 to
°C None
temperature, air/air, in engine
+60 +70 +70 +70 +70 +70 +70
compartment only (range and
°C/min None
10 10 10 10 10 10 10
rate)
Change of temperature,
+40 to +55 to +55 to +40 to +40 to +55 to
air/water, except in engine
°C None None
+5 +5 +5 +5 +5 +5
c d
compartments
Change of temperature,
+60 to +70 to +85 to +85 to +70 to +70 to +85 to
air/water, in engine
°C None
+5 +5 +5 +5 +5 +5 +5
c d
compartments only
Change of temperature,
+60 to +70 to +70 to +70 to +70 to +70 to +70 to
air/snow, in engine °C None
–5 –5 –5 –5 –5 –5 –5
compartments only
Rate of change of
°C/min 0,5 0,5 1,0 1,0 1,0 1,0 1,0 1,0
e
temperature
Relative humidity, not
combined with rapid
% 75 95 95 95 95 95 95 95
temperature changes, except
°C +30 +40 +45 +50 +50 +45 +45 +50
in internal combustion engine
compartments
Relative humidity, not
combined with rapid
% None None 95 95 95 95 95 95
temperature changes, in
°C None None +70 +85 +85 +70 +85 +85
internal combustion engine
compartments
Relative humidity, combined
with rapid temperature
95 95 95 95 95 95 95
% None
changes, air/air at high
–25 to –40 to –65 to – 25 to –65 to +5 to –20 to
relatively humidities, not in
°C None
+30 +30 +30 +30 +30 +30 +30
close proximity to refrigerated
air conditioning systems
Relative humidity, combined
with rapid temperature
95 95 95 95 95 95 95
% None
changes, air/air at high
+10 to +10 to +10 to +10 to +10 to +10 to +10 to
relatively humidities, in close
°C None
+70 +70 +85 +85 +70 +85 +85
proximity to refrigerated air
conditioning systems
Absolute humidity, combined
60 60 80 80 60 60 60
None
g/m
with rapid temperature
+70 to +70 to +85 to +85 to +70 to +70 to +85 to
changes, air/air, at high water
None
°C
f
+15 +15 +15 +15 +15 +15 +15
content
Class
Environmental parameter Unit
5K7 5K8 5K9 5K10 5K11 5K12 5K13 5K14
g
kPa 70 70 70 70 70 70 70 70
Low air pressure
% 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10
Low air humidity
°C +30 +30 +30 +30 +30 +30 +30 +30
High air pressure kPa 106 106 106 106 106 106 106 106
Solar radiation None 700 1 090 1 090 1 090 1 090 1 090 1 090
W/m
Heat radiation except in
None 600 600 600 600 600 600 600
W/m
engine compartment
Heat radiation in engine 600
W/m 600 1 200 1 200 1 200 1 200 1 200 1 200
compartment
h
None
m/s 20 20 30 30 30 30 30
Movement of surrounding air
Condensation - None Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
Precipitation (rain, snow, hail,
- None None Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
etc.)
Rain intensity mm/min None None 6 15 15 6 15 15
k
m/s None None 18 18 18 18 18 18
Driving rain
i
°C None None +5 +5 +5 +5 +5 +5
Low rain temperature
Water from sources other than
Dripping Dripping
L/m /
None 3 3 3 3 3
j
water water
rain min
Wetness - None Wet surfaces
Formation of ice and frost
- None Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No
(including freeze-thaw)
a
The high temperature of the surface of a product can be influenced by both surrounding air temperature and
solar radiation.
b
The high temperature of the surface of a product can be influenced by both surrounding air temperature and
solar radiation through a transparency or opening.
c
A direct transfer of the product between the two temperature values given is presumed.
d
The lower temperature is equivalent to the temperature of tap water.
e
Averaged over a time period of 5 min.
f
The product is assumed to be subject to a rapid decrease of temperature only (no rapid increase). The values
of water content apply to temperatures down to the dew point; at lower temperatures, the relative humidity is
assumed to be approximately 100 %.
g
The value of 70 kPa represents a limit for open-air conditions, normally at an altitude of 3 000 m. In some
geographical areas, open-air conditions can occur at higher altitudes. Conditions in mines are not considered.
For other conditions, see Table 2.
h
A cooling system based on non-assisted convection can be disturbed by adverse movement of surrounding air.
i
This rain temperature may be considered together with high air temperature and solar radiation. The cooling
effect of the rain should be considered in connection with the surface temperature of the product.
j
The value indicates the velocity of the water, not the height of accumulation.
k
Sources of water other than rain are encompassed by driving rain.
5.3 Special climatic conditions (Z)
Parameters such as low pressure with any severity in combination with any of the other climatic
conditions. Recommended values for these conditions are shown in Table 2.
5Z2 applies to products installed in vehicles used on elevated ground of approximately
1 500 m.
5Z3 applies to products installed in vehicles used on elevated ground of approximately
4 000 m.
Table 2 – Classification of special climatic conditions
Environmental
Class Unit Special condition Z
parameter
5Z2 kPa 84
Low air pressure
5Z3 kPa 62
5.4 Biological conditions (B)
No quantitative severity has been specified for the following conditions. The specified
parameters of Table 3 are typical but not necessarily complete.
5B1 applies to products installed in vehicles used in areas without risks from mould growth
and attack by animals, or in compartments with environmental controls in place to
prevent mould growth and attack by animals.
5B2 applies to products installed in vehicles used in areas where mould growth and attacks
of animals, except termites, can occur.
5B3 applies to products installed in vehicles used in areas where attacks by termites can
additionally occur.
Table 3 – Classification of biological conditions
Class
Environmental
parameter
5B1 5B2 5B3
Flora Presence of mould, fungus, etc.
Presence of rodents and other animals
Negligible
harmful to products
Fauna
excluding termites including termites
5.5 Chemically active substances (C)
The contamination of the natural atmosphere is mainly caused by chemical emissions from
industrial activities, motor-driven vehicles, and heating systems. A further chemical influence is
caused by aerosols of sea and road salts. Contamination can affect the product’s function and
materials. The parameters shown in Table 4 are estimates based on information available at
the time of publication. It is recommended that reference be made to local or regional
information specific to an area of interest when establishing requirements.
5C1 applies to products installed in vehicles only used indoors and in compartments not
open to the outdoor atmosphere during driving, protected from ingress of road salts
and splashing water.
5C2 applies to products externally mounted and internally mounted in partly open
compartments. The products can be subjected to ingress of road salts or splashing
water.
5C3 applies to products externally mounted on vehicles and used in areas with industrial
sources emitting high quantities of chemical pollutants.
The values given have been taken from surveys over several years. Maximum values are given,
because direct influence of higher concentrations over a short period of time normally causes
more damage to material which cannot regenerate. Mean values are given additionally, because
their influence can be important for the long-term effect on internal parts of the products. In
practice, not all contaminants (parameters) classified in this document are present
simultaneously. Furthermore, the probability is low that the concentrations of those
contaminants actually present increase simultaneously and homogeneously. Depending on the
local situation, there are often higher values of one contaminant only.
Table 4 – Classification of chemically active substances
Class
5C1 5C2 5C3
Environmental parameter Unit
Maximum Mean Maximum Mean Maximum
a a a a a
value value value value value
b b
Salt mist due to sea salts
None No
Yes Yes
b b
Salt mist due to road salts None No
Yes Yes
b
Saltwater None No No
Yes
Sulphur dioxide 0,1 0,3 1,0 5,0 10
mg/m
Hydrogen sulphide 0,01 0,1 0,5 3,0 10
mg/m
Nitrogen oxides (expressed
in equivalent values of 0,1 0,5 1,0 3,0 9,0
mg/m
nitrogen dioxide)
Ozone
mg/m 0,01 0,05 0,1 0,1 0,3
Hydrogen chloride
mg/m 0,1 0,1 0,5 1,0 5,0
Hydrogen fluoride
0,003 0,01 0,03 0,1 2,0
mg/m
Ammonia
0,3 1,0 3,0 10 35
mg/m
a
Mean values are expected long-term values. Maximum values are limit or peak values occurring over a period
of time that is typically not more than 30 min per day.
b
Additional details regarding the categorization of these conditions can be found in ISO 9223.
5.6 Mechanically active substances (S)
NOTE The classes defined in IEC 60721-3-5:1985 and IEC 60721-3-5:1997 have been replaced with new classes
as a result of recent efforts at collecting information regarding mechanically active substances.
Dust and sand are classified together, as the effects caused by these environmental conditions
are similar. These conditions are encompassed by three classes as specified in Table 5.
5S4 applies to products installed internally within vehicles not protected from dust but
mainly protected from sand.
5S5 applies to products installed internally and externally on vehicles not protected from
dust and sand with the vehicle not used in desert areas.
5S6 applies to products installed internally and externally on vehicles not protected from
dust and sand with the vehicle used in desert areas.
Table 5 – Classification of mechanically active substances
Class
Environmental
Unit
parameter
5S4 5S5 5S6
Sand in air None 300 1 000
mg/m
Dust in air 0,2 5,0 20
mg/m
Dust (sedimentation
1,5 20 80
mg/(m ⋅h)
rate)
5.7 Contaminating fluids (F)
These conditions are encompassed by three classes as specified in Table 6.
5F1 applies to products installed in vehicles outside the engine compartments.
5F2 applies to products installed in vehicles within the engine compartments of vehicles
powered by electrical engines.
5F3 applies to products installed in vehicles within the engine compartments of vehicles
powered by internal combustion engines.
Table 6 – Classification of contaminating fluids
Class
Environmental parameter
5F1 5F2 5F3
Motor oil No No Yes
Gearbox oil No No Yes
Hydraulic oil No Yes Yes
Transformer oil No Yes Yes
Brake fluid No Yes Yes
Cooling fluid No Yes Yes
Grease No Yes Yes
Fuel No No Yes
Battery electrolyte No Yes Yes
NOTE Not all the contaminating fluids listed above are treated, in IEC 60068-2-74, as separate fluids
for the purpose of evaluating a products resistance. This is because that document utilises fluids
representative of a groups of fluids.
5.8 Mechanical conditions (M)
NOTE The classes defined in IEC 60721-3-5:1985 and IEC 60721-3-5:1997 have been replaced with new classes
as a result of recent efforts at collecting information regarding mechanical conditions. Those results are contained
in Technical Reports referenced in this document.
Mechanical conditions that can exist for products when installed on or within a ground vehicles
are encompassed by three classes as specified in Table 7. The conditions in Table 7 do not
represent test severities. The vibration environments, both sinusoidal and random, as well as
the mechanical shock environments are depicted in Figure 1, Figure 2 and Figure 3
respectively.
5M4 applies to products installed externally and internally on vehicles powered by electrical
engines used mainly indoors on smooth surfaces.
5M5 applies to products installed externally and internally on any type of road vehicle used
in areas with a well-developed road system. It includes installations in compartments
which can be subject to flying stones. The class does not include tracked vehicles,
motorcycles, scooters and other vehicles with low mass.
5M6 applies to products installed externally and internally on any type of road vehicle used
in areas without a well-developed road system, lightweight vehicles, tracked vehicles,
off-road vehicles and self-propelled machines. The class includes installations which
can be directly hit by flying stones.
Table 7 – Classification of mechanical conditions
Class
Environmental
Unit
parameter
5M4 5M5 5M6
Stationary vibration, sinusoidal:
Displacement
mm 1,5 - 3,5 - - 7,5 - -
amplitude
Acceleration
- 5 - 10 15 - 20 40
m/s
amplitude
200 to 200 to
Frequency range Hz 2 to 9 9 to 200 2 to 9 9 to 200 2 to 9 9 to 200
500 500
Stationary vibration, random:
Acceleration power
2 2 a a
0,3 0,1 1,0 0,3 3 1
(m/s ) /Hz 10 30
spectral density
200 to 10 to 200 to 10 to 200 to
b
Hz 10 to 200 2 to 3 2 to 3
Frequency range
2 000 200 2 000 200 2 000
c d
Non-stationary vibration including shock:
Figure 3, curve 1 Figure 3, curve 2 Figure 3, curve 4
c d
(equivalent to a half (equivalent to a half sine (equivalent to a half sine
Shock 1
2 2 2
sine pulse of 50 m/s pulse of 100 m/s and pulse of 300 m/s and
and 11 ms duration) 11 ms duration) 11 ms duration)
Figure 3, curve 3 Figure 3, curve 5
c d (equivalent to a half sine (equivalent to a half sine
Shock 2 None
2 2
pulse of 300 m/s and pulse of 1 000 m/s and
6 ms duration) 6 ms duration)
Impact of foreign bodies (e.g., stones)
Impact of foreign
J None 5 20
bodies
Steady state acceleration
Steady state
20 20 20
m/s
acceleration
a
The low frequency stationary vibration random component arises from the influence of land vehicle suspension
systems. The value is included for design purposes but is not usually included in vibration test specifications.
b
The frequency range may be limited to 200 Hz also for classes 5M5 and 5M6, for products mounted on a
structure with high internal damping.
c
For land vehicles, these shocks can occur simultaneously with the stationary vibration random conditions.
d
Both shocks would normally be used to encompass different aspects of the shock environment.
Figure 1 – Stationary vibration, sinusoidal
NOTE Values of RMS and displacement for 5M5 and 5M6 do not include low frequency component.
Figure 2 – Stationary vibration, random
Figure 3 – Non-stationary shock conditions
Bibliography
IEC 60068-2-74, Environmental testing - Part 2: Tests - Test Xc: Fluid contamination
IEC 60721-2-1, Classification of environmental conditions - Part 2-1: Environmental conditions
appearing in nature - Temperature and humidity
IEC 60721-2-2, Classification of environmental conditions - Part 2-2: Environmental conditions
appearing in nature - Precipitation and wind
IEC 60721-2-3, Classification of environmental conditions - Part 2-3: Environmental conditions
appearing in nature - Air pressure
IEC 60721-2-4, Classification of environmental conditions - Part 2-4: Environmental conditions
appearing in nature - Solar radiation and temperature
IEC 60721-2-5, Classification of environmental conditions - Part 2-5: Environmental conditions
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groups of environmental parameters and their severities
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environmental parameters and their severities - Introduction
IEC 60721-3-1, Classification of environmental conditions - Part 3-1 Classification of groups of
environmental parameters and their severities - Storage
IEC 60721-3-2, Classification of environmental conditions - Part 3-2: Classification of groups of
environmental parameters and their severities - Transportation and Handling
IEC 60721-3-5:1985, Classification of environmental conditions - Part 3-5: Classification of
groups of environmental parameters and their severities - Ground vehicle installations
IEC 60721-3-5:1997, Classification of environmental conditions - Part 3: Classification of
groups of environmental parameters and their severities - Section 5: Ground vehicle
installations
IEC TR 62130, Climatic field data including validation
IEC TR 62131-3, Environmental conditions - Vibration and shock of electrotechnical
equipment - Part 3: Equipment transported in rail vehicles
IEC TR 62131-4, Environmental conditions - Vibration
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