IEC 60695-2-11:2014
(Main)Fire hazard testing - Part 2-11: Glowing/hot-wire based test methods - Glow-wire flammability test method for end-products (GWEPT)
Fire hazard testing - Part 2-11: Glowing/hot-wire based test methods - Glow-wire flammability test method for end-products (GWEPT)
IEC 60695-2-11:2014 specifies a test method on an end product. It is intended to simulate the effects of thermal stresses produced by an electrically heated source to represent a fire hazard. This test method is used to check that, under defined test conditions, an end product exposed to an electrically heated source has either a limited ability to ignite or, if it ignites, a limited ability to propagate flame. However, the fire hazard analysis, the flammability aspects and the flame spreading to otherproducts are not covered by the present standard. This second edition of IEC 60695-2-11 cancels and replaces the first edition of IEC 60695-2-11 published in 2000. It constitutes a technical revision. The main changes with respect to the previous edition are:
- the Introduction has been added to provide background and how it relates to the Scope,
- the Scope has been modified for greater clarity and reference to basic safety publications,
- numerous terms and definitions relevant to this Standard have been added to Clause 3,
- the application of "small parts" and "insignificant mass" have been introduced and clarified,
- the different types of specimens, how to specify them, and limitations of the test method have been further clarified in Clause 4,
- clarified in Clause 5 the distance to specified layer when unknown,
- the information from Clause 6 has been moved into the test procedure in Clause 8,
- the conditioning of the specified layer and the laboratory ambient test conditions were clarified in Clause 7,
- measurement of the maximum flame height was removed from Clause 9,
- the reference to this test as "GWEPT" was introduced along with an applicable title change and
- Annex A has been revised to reflect current practice by prominent product committees.
Key words: Glowing/hot-wire, Glow wire, Flammability, Fire hazard
This publication is to be read in conjunction with IEC 60695-2-10:2013.
Essais relatifs aux risques du feu - Partie 2-11: Essais au fil incandescent/chauffant - Méthode d'essai d'inflammabilité pour produits finis (GWEPT)
IEC 60695-2-11:2014 spécifie une méthode d'essai applicable au produit fini. Elle est destinée à simuler l'effet de contraintes thermiques produites par une source chauffée électriquement afin de représenter un danger d'incendie. La présente méthode d'essai permet de vérifier que, dans des conditions d'essai définies, un produit fini exposé à une source chauffée électriquement présente une aptitude limitée à s'enflammer ou, s'il s'enflamme, une aptitude limitée à propager la flamme. Cependant, la présente norme ne traite pas de l'analyse du danger d'incendie, des aspects d'inflammabilité et de propagation de flammes à d'autres produits. Cette deuxième édition de la CEI 60695-2-11 annule et remplace la première édition de la CEI 60695-2-11 publiée en 2000. Elle constitue une révision technique. Les principales modifications apportées par rapport à l'édition précédente sont énumérées ci-dessous:
- l'introduction a été modifiée pour fournir le contexte et montrer la relation avec le domaine d'application,
- modification du domaine d'application pour davantage de clarté, et pour faire référence aux publications fondamentales de sécurité,
- ajout à l'Article 2 de nombreux termes et définitions applicables à la présente Norme,
- introduction et clarification de l'application des "petites pièces" et de la "masse négligeable",
- clarification supplémentaire à l'Article 4 des différents types d'éprouvettes, de la manière de les spécifier et des limitations de la méthode d'essai,
- clarification à l'Article 5 de la distance par rapport à la sous-couche spécifiée, lorsqu'elle n'est pas connue,
- transfert des informations de l'Article 6 dans la procédure d'essai de l'Article 8,
- clarification à l'Article 7 du conditionnement de la sous-couche spécifiée et des conditions d'essai ambiantes de laboratoire,
- suppression de la mesure de la hauteur de flamme maximale de l'Article 9,
- introduction de la référence à cet essai comme essai "GWEPT", et modification du titre en conséquence et
- la révision de l'Annexe A, afin de refléter les pratiques en vigueur au sein des comités de produits clés.
Mots-clés: fil incandescent/chauffant, fil incandescent, inflammabilité, risque du feu
Cette publication doit être lue conjointement avec la CEI 60695-2-10:2013.
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IEC 60695-2-11 ®
Edition 2.0 2014-02
REDLINE VERSION
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
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inside
BASIC SAFETY PUBLICATION
Fire hazard testing –
Part 2-11: Glowing/hot-wire based test methods – Glow-wire flammability test
method for end-products (GWEPT)
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IEC 60695-2-11 ®
Edition 2.0 2014-02
REDLINE VERSION
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
colour
inside
BASIC SAFETY PUBLICATION
Fire hazard testing –
Part 2-11: Glowing/hot-wire based test methods – Glow-wire flammability test
method for end-products (GWEPT)
INTERNATIONAL
ELECTROTECHNICAL
COMMISSION
ICS 13.220.40, 29.020 ISBN 978-2-8322-1408-4
– 2 – IEC 60695-2-11:2014 RLV © IEC 2014
CONTENTS
FOREWORD . 3
INTRODUCTION . 5
1 Scope . 6
2 Normative references . 6
3 Terms and definitions . 6
4 Description of test considerations and test specimen selection Test specimens . 9
4.1 General . 9
4.2 Complete end product . 9
4.3 Partial end product (alternative) . 9
4.4 Test considerations and limitations associated with the specimen
configuration . 9
5 Description of the Test apparatus . 10
6 Severities . 11
76 Verification of the temperature measuring system. 11
87 Conditioning . 11
7.1 Conditioning of test specimens . 11
7.2 Conditioning of specified layers . 11
7.3 Testing conditions . 11
9 Initial measurement . 11
108 Test procedure . 11
8.1 General . 12
8.2 Test temperatures . 12
8.3 Number of test specimens . 12
119 Observations and measurements . 12
1210 Evaluation of test results . 13
11 Test report . 13
1312 Information to be given in the relevant specification product standard . 14
Annex A (informative) Guidance for glow wire test Suggested GWEPT temperatures . 16
Bibliography . 17
Figure 1 – Small parts . 10
Figure A.1 – Suggested GWEPT temperatures . 16
Table 1 – Test severities . 11
Table 1 – Test temperatures . 12
Table A.1 – Guidance for glow-wire test . 15
INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION
____________
FIRE HAZARD TESTING –
Part 2-11: Glowing/hot-wire based test methods –
Glow-wire flammability test method for end-products (GWEPT)
FOREWORD
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8) Attention is drawn to the Normative references cited in this publication. Use of the referenced publications is
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This redline version of the official IEC Standard allows the user to identify the changes
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– 4 – IEC 60695-2-11:2014 RLV © IEC 2014
International Standard IEC 60695-2-11 has been prepared by IEC technical committee 89:
Fire hazard testing.
The text of this standard is based on the following documents:
FDIS Report on voting
89/1197/FDIS 89/1206/RVD
Full information on the voting for the approval of this standard can be found in the report on
voting indicated in the above table.
This publication has been drafted in accordance with the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
It has the status of a basic safety publication in accordance with IEC Guide 104 and
ISO/IEC Guide 51.
This standard is to be used in conjunction with IEC 60695-2-10.
This second edition of IEC 60695-2-11 cancels and replaces the first edition of
IEC 60695-2-11 published in 2000. It constitutes a technical revision.
The main changes with respect to the previous edition are listed below:
– The Introduction has been added to provide background and how it relates to the Scope.
– The Scope has been modified for greater clarity and reference to basic safety
publications.
– Numerous terms and definitions relevant to this Standard have been added to Clause 3.
– The application of “small parts” and “insignificant mass” have been introduced and
clarified.
– The different types of specimens, how to specify them, and limitations of the test method
have been further clarified in Clause 4.
– Clarified in Clause 5 the distance to specified layer when unknown.
– The information from Clause 6 has been moved into the test procedure in Clause 8.
– The conditioning of the specified layer and the laboratory ambient test conditions were
clarified in Clause 7.
– Measurement of the maximum flame height was removed from Clause 9.
– The reference to this test as “GWEPT” was introduced along with an applicable title
change.
– Annex A has been revised to reflect current practice by prominent product committees.
The committee has decided that the contents of this publication will remain unchanged until
the stability date indicated on the IEC web site under "http://webstore.iec.ch" in the data
related to the specific publication. At this date, the publication will be
• reconfirmed,
• withdrawn,
• replaced by a revised edition, or
• amended.
IMPORTANT – The 'colour inside' logo on the cover page of this publication indicates
that it contains colours which are considered to be useful for the correct
understanding of its contents. Users should therefore print this document using a
colour printer.
INTRODUCTION
The purpose of this Introduction is to provide background regarding the basic guidance that
prompted the preparation of this International Standard and how it relates to the Scope.
In the design of any electrotechnical product, the risk of fire and the potential hazards
associated with fire need to be considered. In this respect the objective within the design of
component, circuit, and product design, as well as the choice of the materials, is to reduce to
acceptable levels the potential risks of fire during normal operating conditions, reasonable
foreseeable abnormal use, malfunction, and/or failure. IEC Technical Committee 89 has
developed IEC 60695-1-10, together with its companion, IEC 60695-1-11, to provide guidance
on how this is to be accomplished.
The primary aims of IEC 60695-1-10 and IEC 60695-1-11 are to provide guidance on how:
a) to prevent ignition caused by an electrically energized component part, and
b) to confine any resulting fire within the bounds of the enclosure of the electrotechnical
product in the event of ignition.
Secondary aims of these documents include the minimization of any flame spread beyond the
product’s enclosure and the minimization of harmful effects of fire effluents such as heat,
smoke, toxicity and/or corrosivity.
Fires involving electrotechnical products can also be initiated from external non-electrical
sources. Considerations of this nature should be dealt with in the overall fire hazard
assessment.
In electrotechnical equipment, overheated metal parts can act as ignition sources. In glow-
wire tests, a glowing wire is used to simulate such an ignition source.
IEC 60695-2-10 describes a glow-wire test apparatus and common test procedure,
IEC 60695-2-12 describes a glow-wire flammability index (GWFI) test method for materials,
and IEC 60695-2-13 describes a glow-wire ignition temperature (GWIT) test method for
materials.
This standard is used to assess the reaction of end products to heat caused by contact with
an electrically heated wire under controlled laboratory conditions. This may be useful for the
evaluation of end products that may be exposed to excess thermal stress such as a fault
current flowing through a wire, overloading of components, and/or poor electrical connections.
It should not be used to solely describe or appraise the fire hazard or fire risk of products, or
assemblies under actual fire conditions. However, results of this test may be used as
elements of a fire hazard assessment which takes into account all of the factors which are
pertinent to a particular end use.
This international standard may involve hazardous materials, operations, and equipment. It
does not purport to address all of the safety problems associated with its use. It is the
responsibility of the user of this international standard to establish appropriate safety and
health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
– 6 – IEC 60695-2-11:2014 RLV © IEC 2014
FIRE HAZARD TESTING –
Part 2-11: Glowing/hot-wire based test methods –
Glow-wire flammability test method for end-products (GWEPT)
1 Scope
This part of IEC 60695 specifies the details of the glow-wire test to be applied to end-products
for fire hazard testing a test method on an end product. It is intended to simulate the effects of
thermal stresses produced by an electrically heated source to represent a fire hazard.
For the purpose of this standard, end-product means electrotechnical equipment, its
subassemblies, and components.
This test method is used to check that, under defined test conditions, an end product exposed
to an electrically heated source has either a limited ability to ignite or, if it ignites, a limited
ability to propagate flame. However, the fire hazard analysis, the flammability aspects and
the flame spreading to other products are not covered by the present standard.
This basic safety publication is intended for use by technical committees in the preparation of
standards in accordance with the principles laid down in IEC Guide 104 and
ISO/IEC Guide 51.
One of the responsibilities of a technical committee is, wherever applicable, to make use of
basic safety publications in the preparation of its publications. The requirements, test
methods or test conditions of this basic safety publication will not apply unless specifically
referred to or included in the relevant publications.
2 Normative references
The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and
are indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any
amendments) applies.
IEC 60695-2-2:1991, Fire hazard testing – Part 2: Test methods – Section 2: Needle-flame
test
IEC 60695-2-10:2000, Fire hazard testing – Part 2-10: Glowing/hot-wire based test methods –
Glow-wire apparatus and common test procedure
ISO/IEC 13943:2000, Fire safety – Vocabulary
IEC Guide 104, The preparation of safety publications and the use of basic safety publications
and group safety publications
ISO/IEC Guide 51, Safety aspects – Guidelines for their inclusion in standards
3 Terms and definitions
For the purpose of this part of IEC 60695 document, the definitions given in ISO/IEC 13943,
as well as the following terms and definitions apply.
3.1
burn, intransitive verb
undergo combustion
[SOURCE: ISO/IEC 13943:2008, definition 4.28]
3.2
combustible, adjective
capable of being ignited and burned
[SOURCE: ISO/IEC 13943:2008, definition 4.43]
3.3
combustion
exothermic reaction of a substation with an oxidizing agent
Note 1 to entry: Combustion generally emits fire effluent accompanied by flames and/or glowing.
[SOURCE: ISO/IEC 13943:2008, definition 4.46]
3.4
enclosure
〈electrotechnical〉 external casing protecting the electrical and mechanical parts of apparatus
Note 1 to entry: The term excludes cables.
[SOURCE: ISO/IEC 13943:2008, definition 4.78]
3.5
end product
product that is ready for use without modification
Note 1 to entry: An end product can be a component of another end product.
[SOURCE: IEC 60695-4:2012, definition 3.2.7]
3.6
fire hazard
physical object or condition with a potential for an undesirable consequence from fire
[SOURCE: ISO/IEC 13943:2008, definition 4.112]
3.7
fire hazard assessment
evaluation of the possible causes of fire, the possibility and nature of subsequent fire growth,
and the possible consequences of fire
[SOURCE: IEC 60695-4:2012, definition 3.2.10]
3.8
fire risk
probability of a fire combined with a quantified measure of its consequence
Note 1 to entry: It is often calculated as the product of probability and consequence.
[SOURCE: ISO/IEC 13943:2008, definition 4.124]
– 8 – IEC 60695-2-11:2014 RLV © IEC 2014
3.9
flame
rapid, self sustaining, sub-sonic propagation of combustion in a gaseous medium, usually with
emission of light
[SOURCE: ISO/IEC 13943:2008, definition 4.133]
3.10
flame spread
propagation of a flame front
[SOURCE: ISO/IEC 13943:2008, definition 4.142]
3.11
flammability
ability of a material or product to burn with a flame under specified conditions
[SOURCE: ISO/IEC 13943:2008, definition 4.151]
3.12
glowing, adjective
emitting light without flame from the combustion of a material in the solid phase
3.13
ignition
sustained ignition (deprecated)
〈general〉 initiation of combustion
[SOURCE: ISO/IEC 13943:2008, definition 4.187]
3.14
insignificant mass
insufficient combustible material to constitute a fire hazard
Note 1 to entry: A default value is 2 g, but product TCs may assign a different value appropriate to the product
type and scale.
[SOURCE: IEC 60695-4:2012, definition 3.2.16]
3.1
3.15
small parts
parts, where each surface lies completely within a circle of 15 mm diameter or where some of
the surface lies outside the 15 mm diameter circle but in such a way that it is not possible to
place a circle of 8 mm diameter on any of this remaining surface
NOTE When checking a surface, projections on the surface and holes which are not greater than 2 mm on the
largest dimensions are disregarded.
Circles are 8 mm and
15 mm in diameter
Surface
To be tested using No glow-wire test
the glow-wire is required
IEC 2897/2000
part with a dimension less than the minimum specified for the relevant test method
[SOURCE: IEC 60695-4:2012, definition 3.2.25]
4 Description of test considerations and test specimen selection
Test specimens
4.1 General
It is not necessary to test end products or parts of end products which have insignificant
mass. Additionally, this test method is not suitable for testing small parts (see 4.4).
4.2 Complete end product
If possible, It is preferred that the test specimen should be a complete end product. as
opposed to a partial end product (see 4.3). The test specimen shall be chosen so that the
conditions of the test will not be significantly different from those occurring in normal use with
regard to shape, ventilation, effect of thermal stresses, and, possibly eventually, of flames
occurring in, or the effects of burning or glowing particles falling in the vicinity of, from the test
specimen.
4.3 Partial end product (alternative)
If the test cannot be made on a complete end product, or then, unless otherwise specified by
the relevant specification product standard, it is acceptable to
a) cut a piece containing the part under examination from it a complete and assembled end
product, or
b) cut an aperture in the complete end product to allow the glow-wire access, or
c) remove the part under examination in its entirety and test it separately.
Technical committees should define in their relevant specifications product standards what
may be removed to achieve access. So far as possible, these product standards should strive
to replicate actual service locations and conditions.
4.4 Test considerations and limitations associated with the specimen configuration
When cutting an opening for access purposes, a small aperture may affect the results by
leading to the ignition of the surroundings, by and/or reducing the temperature of the tip of the
glow-wire or by restricting the availability of oxygen, whereas too large an aperture may
permit more oxygen than would normally be available.The opening should be large enough to
supply an adequate supply of air for combustion.
If, during the test, any part of the equipment containing the test specimen is ignited by
extraneous heat from the glow-wire and so which in turn influences the thermal conditions at
the test specimen, the test shall be invalid.
The test is carried out to ensure that, under defined conditions, the glow-wire does not cause
ignition of parts, and that a part, if ignited, has a limited duration of burning without spreading
fire by flames or by burning or glowing particles falling from the test specimen.
If the test specimen emits flames during the application of the glow-wire, the fire hazard
created may necessitate further tests using other ignition sources such as the needle-flame
applied to those parts which are reached by the emitted flames.
The glow-wire flammability test method for end products shall not be used for testing small
parts for which reference may need to be made to other test methods, for example, the
needle-flame test in IEC 60695-2-2. This is because such parts cannot be effectively
– 10 – IEC 60695-2-11:2014 RLV © IEC 2014
supported to avoid heat losses (see IEC 60695-2-10), and they are not able to accommodate
the penetration of the glow-wire.
The following are considered to be small parts:
a) where each surface lies completely within a circle of 15 mm in diameter; or
b) where it is not possible to fit a circle of 8 mm in diameter completely on at least one of the
surfaces while, at least one part dimension is > 15 mm.
See Figure 1.
When checking a surface,
a) projections on the surface are disregarded and
b) holes or recesses which are not greater than 2 mm in any dimension are disregarded.
Parts under examination
GWEPT is not possible if: GWEPT is not possible if: GWEPT can be conducted if:
Each surface fits in the At least one of the surfaces At least one of the surfaces
15 mm diameter circle does NOT cover the 8 mm covers the 8 mm diameter
circle completely while any circle completely while at
other dimension (l,w,h) least one other
is > 15 mm dimension(l,w,h) is > 15 mm
Key:
8 mm
15 mm
IEC 0019/14
Figure 1 – Small parts
5 Description of the Test apparatus
The description of the test apparatus is given specified in clause 5 of IEC 60695-2-10.
To evaluate the possibility of the spread of fire, for example by burning or glowing particles
falling from the test specimen, a specified layer as described in 5.3 of IEC 60695-2-10, or the
material or components normally surrounding or situated underneath the test specimen, are
placed underneath the test specimen. The distance between the test specimen and the
specified layer representing the surrounding material or components, shall be equal to those
when the test specimen is mounted in the electrotechnical product that which occurs in end
use. If the test specimen is a component such that surrounding materials and distances are
unknown, then the wrapping tissue / wooden board specified layer described in IEC 60695-2-
10 shall be placed 200 mm ± 5 mm below the glow wire point of contact.
If the test specimen is a complete free-standing equipment, it is placed in its normal position
of use on the specified layer as described in clause 5.3 of IEC 60695-2-10 extending for at
least 100 mm outside the base of the equipment in all directions.
If the test specimen is a complete wall-mounted equipment, it is fixed in its normal position of
use 200 mm ± 5 mm above the specified layer as described in 5.3 of IEC 60695-2-10.
6 Severities
The test temperature shall be chosen from the following values of table 1.
Table 1 – Test severities
Preferred test
Tolerances
temperatures
°C K
550 ±10
650 ±10
750 ±10
850 ±15
960 ±15
If required by the relevant specification, other test temperatures may be used.
NOTE See annex A for guidance.
76 Verification of the temperature measuring system
The method of verification of the temperature measuring system is specified in 6.2 of
IEC 60695-2-10.
87 Conditioning
7.1 Conditioning of test specimens
If not Unless otherwise specified in the relevant specification product standard, the test
specimen and the specified layer to be used is specimens shall be conditioned for 24 h in an
atmosphere having a temperature between 15 °C and 35 °C and a relative humidity between
45 % and 75 %.
7.2 Conditioning of specified layers
If the wrapping tissue / wooden board specified layer is used, the conditioning shall be carried
out according to IEC 60695-2-10. If the material or components normally surrounding or
situated underneath the test specimen is used, the material or components shall be
conditioned in the same way as the test specimen (see 7.1).
7.3 Testing conditions
The test specimens shall be tested in a laboratory atmosphere having a temperature between
15 °C and 35 °C and a relative humidity less than or equal to 75 %. Testing shall be
completed within 30 minutes after the specimen is removed from the conditions specified in
7.1.
9 Initial measurements
The test specimen shall be examined visually and, when specified in the relevant
specification, the mechanical/electrical parameters measured.
108 Test procedure
See clause 8 of IEC 60695-2-10.
– 12 – IEC 60695-2-11:2014 RLV © IEC 2014
8.1 General
10.1 In addition to clause 8 of the common test procedure specified in IEC 60695-2-10, if not
otherwise specified, the test specimen shall be so arranged that the tip of the glow-wire is
applied to the part of the surface of the test specimen which is likely to be subjected to
thermal stresses in normal use. The glow-wire shall be maintained as close to the horizontal
as is practicable.
In cases where the test shall be made at more than one point on the same test specimen,
care shall be taken that any deterioration caused by previous tests will not affect the result of
the test to be made.
In cases where the areas subjected to thermal stresses during normal use of the equipment
are not specified in detail, the tip of the glow-wire is applied at a place where the section is
thinnest, but preferably if possible not less than 15 mm from the upper edge of the test
specimen.
Clamping the test specimen onto the test apparatus shall not introduce excessive internal
mechanical stresses in the test specimen during the test.
8.2 Test temperatures
The glow-wire is heated to the test temperature specified in the relevant product standard.
This temperature should preferably be one of the temperatures shown in Table 1.
Table 1 – Test temperatures
Test temperatures Tolerances
°C °C
± 10
± 10
650 ± 10
± 10
750 ± 10
± 15
± 15
± 15
± 15
When selecting test temperatures, product committees should consider Figure A.1 which
gives suggested glow-wire end product test (GWEPT) temperatures.
8.3 Number of test specimens
10.2 If not otherwise specified by the relevant specification product standard, the test is
made on one test specimen.
119 Observations and measurements
During the time of application of the glow-wire, t (30 s ± 1 s), and during a further period of
a
A
30 s, the test specimen, the parts surrounding the test specimen and the specified layer
placed below it shall be observed and the following shall be reported:
a) whether there is no ignition; or, if there is ignition, the duration, t (to the nearest 0,5 s),
i
from the beginning of tip application up to the time at which the test specimen or the
specified layer placed below it ignites;
b) the duration, t , (to the nearest 0,5 s) from the beginning of tip application up to the time
E
e
when all flames extinguish, during or after the period of application;
c) the maximum height of any flame rounded up to the next 5 mm but disregarding the start
of the ignition, which may produce a high flame for a period of approximately 1 s;
c) d) if a whether the test specimen passes the test extinguishes by virtue of most of the
flaming material being withdrawn with the glow-wire, then this shall be reported in the test
report;
d) e) whether the test specimen is totally burned; and
e) whether there is any ignition of the specified layer placed underneath the test specimen.
NOTE The height of the flame is the vertical distance measured between the upper edge of the glow-wire, when
applied to the test specimen, and the visible tip of the flame, when viewed in subdued light.
The mechanical/electrical parameters shall be measured when specified in the relevant
specification.
1210 Evaluation of test results
Unless otherwise specified in the relevant specification, The test specimen is considered to
have passed the glow-wire test a GWEPT of T if at a test temperature of T °C,
a) there is no flaming or glowing ignition, or if
b) all of the following situations apply when ignition has occurred:
a i) if flames or glowing combustion of the test specimen extinguish within 30 s after
removal of the glow wire, i.e. t ≤ t + t ≤ t + 30 s; and
e a
E A
b ii) when the specified layer of wrapping tissue is used there shall be no ignition of the
wrapping tissue. placed underneath the test specimen does not ignite.
11 Test report
The test report shall include the following information:
c) a reference to this International Standard;
d) a description of the test specimen including type and manufacturer (see Clause 4);
e) a description of the method for preparation of the test specimen (see Clause 4);
f) the conditioning of the test specimens (see Clause 7);
g) the number of test specimens tested (see 8.3);
h) the surface tested and the points of application of the glow-wire (see 8.1);
i) the specified layer used to evaluate the effect of flaming particles and its vertical distance
to the glow wire point of application (see Clause 5);
j) the test temperature (see 8.2);
k) all applicable observations and measurements from Clause 9; and
l) the GWEPT as determined in Clause 10 shall be reported in the following manner, for
example, for a test specimen tested at 850 °C:
GWEPT: 850
– 14 – IEC 60695-2-11:2014 RLV © IEC 2014
1312 Information to be given in the relevant specification product standard
When referencing this method, technical committees shall indicate the following details:
a) the type and description of the test specimen (see Clause 4);
b) the method of preparation (see Clause 4);
c) any conditioning of the test specimens (see Clause 8 7);
d) the number of test specimens (see 10.3 8.3);
e) the surface to be tested and the points of application of the glow-wire (see 10.1 8.1);
f) the specified layer to be used to evaluate the effect of flaming particles (see Clause 5);
g) the GWEPT (see Clause 10) and test temperature (see table 1 8.2), for example, “GWEPT
of 850 °C in accordance with IEC 60695-2-11”;
h) whether the tests shall be made at more than one point the relevant part(s) or zone(s) of
the product subjected to the test on the same test specimen (see 10.1 8.1);
i) whether the criteria specified are sufficient to check compliance with the safety
requirements, or whether other criteria – for example on t t , the height of flame –
i, e
should be introduced used (see Clause 11 9); and
j) the mechanical/electrical parameters to be measured (see clauses 9 and 11) whether
consequential testing needs to be considered to cover residual risks and, if so, which test
method and what requirements should be specified.
NOTE See IEC 60695-1-11 for additional guidance on consequential testing.
Annex A
(informative)
Guidance for glow-wire test
The appropriate test temperature should be chosen by estimating the risk of failure due
to inadequate response to abnormal heat, to ignition and to spread of fire, and the
consequences to be expected as a result of such a failure.
To assist the technical committees in describing adequately the application of the glow-wire
test associated with the test temperatures shown in table 1, the following suggestions are
made.
Table A.1 – Guidance for glow-wire test
Parts made of insulation material
Kind of equipment Parts in contact with, Enclosures and covers
or retaining in position, not retaining current-
current-carrying parts carrying parts in
position
Equipment for attended use 650 °C 650 °C
Equipment for unattended use but under less stringent 750 °C 750 °C
conditions
Equipment for attended use but under more stringent 750 °C 750 °C
conditions
Equipment for unattended use continuously loaded 850 °C 850 °C
Equipment for unattended use continuously loaded but 960 °C 960 °C
under more stringent conditions
Fixed accessories in installation 750 °C 650 °C
Equipment to be used near the central supply point 960 °C 750 °C
of a building
To ensure a minimum level of resistance to ignition of, 550 °C 550 °C
and/or spread of fire by, parts liable to contribute to
a fire hazard, and which are not subjected to other
tests in this respect (in order to eliminate highly
combustible material)
– 16 – IEC 60695-2-11:2014 RLV © IEC 2014
Annex A
(informative)
Suggested GWEPT temperatures
Figure A.1 demonstrates suggested GWEPT temperatures.
Insignificant
Part too Insignificant energy to cause
Start no no
small? mass? ignition
(See NOTE 2)
yes
yes
GWEPT not possible GWEPT
yes
(Clause 4.4) not needed
no
In contact
Retaining current Installation with, or in close
carrying parts in yes Equipment? no proximity to, current
position? (see NOTE 3) carrying parts? (see
NOTE 2)
yes
yes
Attended? yes I > 0,5A?
Fire Hazard
Assessment
(See NOTE 1)
no
no
Unattended
and I > 0,2A? no
yes no
GWEPT
960°C
yes
GWEPT
GWEPT
750°C and
850°C
850°C
GWEPT GWEPT
750°C no 750°C
GWEPT GWEPT
650°C 650°C
GWEPT
550°C
IEC 0020/14
Key:
I = rated current
A = amps
GWEPT = Glow Wire End Product Test
NOTE 1 A separate Fire Hazard Assessment (FHA) as determined by the relevant product standard will dictate
the appropriate GWEPT temperature.
NOTE 2 The phrases “insufficient energy” and “close proximity” should be defined by the relevant product
committee. It is dependent upon a number of factors (for example: the severity of the hazard).
NOTE 3 Examples of installation equipment include socket outlets, circuit protection devices, and LV switchgear.
NOTE 4 The right side of the flow chart (Installation equipment = no) is intended to partially represent the limited
application of the GWEPT as currently used by IEC 60335-1. Refer to that document for other considerations.
Figure A.1 – Suggested GWEPT temperatures
Bibliography
[1] IEC 60695-1-10, Fire hazard testing – Part 1-10: Guidance for assessing the fire hazard
of electrotechnical products – General guidelines
[2] IEC 60695-1-11, Fire hazard testing – Part 1-11: Guidance for assessing the fire hazard
of electrotechnical products – Fire hazard assessment
[3] IEC 60695-2-12, Fire hazard testing – Part 2-12: Glowing/hot-wire based test methods –
Glow-wire flammability index (GWFI) test method for materials
[4] IEC 60695-2-13, Fire hazard testing – Part 2-13: Glowing/hot-wire based test methods –
Glow-wire ignition temperature (GWIT) test method for materials
[5] IEC 60335-1, Household and similar electrical appliances – Safety – Part 1: General
requirements
IEC 60695-4:2012, Fire hazard testing – Part 4: Terminology
ISO/IEC 13943:2008, Fire safety – Vocabulary
_____________
IEC 60695-2-11 ®
Edition 2.0 2014-02
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
NORME
INTERNATIONALE
colour
inside
BASIC SAFETY PUBLICATION
PUBLICATION FONDAMENTALE DE SÉCURITÉ
Fire hazard testing –
Part 2-11: Glowing/hot-wire based test methods – Glow-wire flammability test
method for end-products (GWEPT)
Essais relatifs aux risques du feu –
Partie 2-11: Essais au fil incandescent/chauffant – Méthode d’essai
d’inflammabilité pour produits finis (GWEPT)
– 2 – 60695-2-11 © IEC:2014
CONTENTS
FOREWORD . 3
INTRODUCTION . 5
1 Scope . 6
2 Normative references . 6
3 Terms and definitions . 6
4 Test specimens . 8
4.1 General . 8
4.2 Complete end product . 8
4.3 Partial end product (alternative) . 8
4.4 Test considerations and limitations associated with the specimen
configuration . 9
5 Test apparatus . 10
6 Verification of the temperature measuring system . 10
7 Conditioning . 10
7.1 Conditioning of test specimens . 10
7.2 Conditioning of specified layers . 10
7.3 Testing conditions . 10
8 Test procedure . 10
8.1 General .
...
IEC 60695-2-11 ®
Edition 2.0 2014-02
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
NORME
INTERNATIONALE
colour
inside
BASIC SAFETY PUBLICATION
PUBLICATION FONDAMENTALE DE SÉCURITÉ
Fire hazard testing –
Part 2-11: Glowing/hot-wire based test methods – Glow-wire flammability test
method for end-products (GWEPT)
Essais relatifs aux risques du feu –
Partie 2-11: Essais au fil incandescent/chauffant – Méthode d’essai
d’inflammabilité pour produits finis (GWEPT)
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IEC 60695-2-11 ®
Edition 2.0 2014-02
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
NORME
INTERNATIONALE
colour
inside
BASIC SAFETY PUBLICATION
PUBLICATION FONDAMENTALE DE SÉCURITÉ
Fire hazard testing –
Part 2-11: Glowing/hot-wire based test methods – Glow-wire flammability test
method for end-products (GWEPT)
Essais relatifs aux risques du feu –
Partie 2-11: Essais au fil incandescent/chauffant – Méthode d’essai
d’inflammabilité pour produits finis (GWEPT)
INTERNATIONAL
ELECTROTECHNICAL
COMMISSION
COMMISSION
ELECTROTECHNIQUE
PRICE CODE
INTERNATIONALE
CODE PRIX P
ICS 13.220.40, 29.020 ISBN 978-2-8322-1373-5
– 2 – 60695-2-11 © IEC:2014
CONTENTS
FOREWORD . 3
INTRODUCTION . 5
1 Scope . 6
2 Normative references . 6
3 Terms and definitions . 6
4 Test specimens . 8
4.1 General . 8
4.2 Complete end product . 8
4.3 Partial end product (alternative) . 8
4.4 Test considerations and limitations associated with the specimen
configuration . 9
5 Test apparatus . 10
6 Verification of the temperature measuring system . 10
7 Conditioning . 10
7.1 Conditioning of test specimens . 10
7.2 Conditioning of specified layers . 10
7.3 Testing conditions . 10
8 Test procedure . 10
8.1 General . 10
8.2 Test temperatures . 11
8.3 Number of test specimens . 11
9 Observations and measurements . 11
10 Evaluation of test results . 12
11 Test report . 12
12 Information to be given in the relevant product standard . 12
Annex A (informative) Suggested GWEPT temperatures . 13
Bibliography . 14
Figure 1 – Small parts . 9
Figure A.1 – Suggested GWEPT temperatures . 13
Table 1 – Test temperatures . 11
60695-2-11 © IEC:2014 – 3 –
INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION
____________
FIRE HAZARD TESTING –
Part 2-11: Glowing/hot-wire based test methods –
Glow-wire flammability test method for end-products (GWEPT)
FOREWORD
1) The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is a worldwide organization for standardization comprising
all national electrotechnical committees (IEC National Committees). The object of IEC is to promote
international co-operation on all questions concerning standardization in the electrical and electronic fields. To
this end and in addition to other activities, IEC publishes International Standards, Technical Specifications,
Technical Reports, Publicly Available Specifications (PAS) and Guides (hereafter referred to as “IEC
Publication(s)”). Their preparation is entrusted to technical committees; any IEC National Committee interested
in the subject dealt with may participate in this preparatory work. International, governmental and non-
governmental organizations liaising with the IEC also participate in this preparation. IEC collaborates closely
with the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) in accordance with conditions determined by
agreement between the two organizations.
2) The formal decisions or agreements of IEC on technical matters express, as nearly as possible, an international
consensus of opinion on the relevant subjects since each technical committee has representation from all
interested IEC National Committees.
3) IEC Publications have the form of recommendations for international use and are accepted by IEC National
Committees in that sense. While all reasonable efforts are made to ensure that the technical content of IEC
Publications is accurate, IEC cannot be held responsible for the way in which they are used or for any
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4) In order to promote international uniformity, IEC National Committees undertake to apply IEC Publications
transparently to the maximum extent possible in their national and regional publications. Any divergence
between any IEC Publication and the corresponding national or regional publication shall be clearly indicated in
the latter.
5) IEC itself does not provide any attestation of conformity. Independent certification bodies provide conformity
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6) All users should ensure that they have the latest edition of this publication.
7) No liability shall attach to IEC or its directors, employees, servants or agents including individual experts and
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other damage of any nature whatsoever, whether direct or indirect, or for costs (including legal fees) and
expenses arising out of the publication, use of, or reliance upon, this IEC Publication or any other IEC
Publications.
8) Attention is drawn to the Normative references cited in this publication. Use of the referenced publications is
indispensable for the correct application of this publication.
9) Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this IEC Publication may be the subject of
patent rights. IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
International Standard IEC 60695-2-11 has been prepared by IEC technical committee 89:
Fire hazard testing.
The text of this standard is based on the following documents:
FDIS Report on voting
89/1197/FDIS 89/1206/RVD
Full information on the voting for the approval of this standard can be found in the report on
voting indicated in the above table.
This publication has been drafted in accordance with the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
It has the status of a basic safety publication in accordance with IEC Guide 104 and
ISO/IEC Guide 51.
– 4 – 60695-2-11 © IEC:2014
This standard is to be used in conjunction with IEC 60695-2-10.
This second edition of IEC 60695-2-11 cancels and replaces the first edition of
IEC 60695-2-11 published in 2000. It constitutes a technical revision.
The main changes with respect to the previous edition are listed below:
– The Introduction has been added to provide background and how it relates to the Scope.
– The Scope has been modified for greater clarity and reference to basic safety
publications.
– Numerous terms and definitions relevant to this Standard have been added to Clause 3.
– The application of “small parts” and “insignificant mass” have been introduced and
clarified.
– The different types of specimens, how to specify them, and limitations of the test method
have been further clarified in Clause 4.
– Clarified in Clause 5 the distance to specified layer when unknown.
– The information from Clause 6 has been moved into the test procedure in Clause 8.
– The conditioning of the specified layer and the laboratory ambient test conditions were
clarified in Clause 7.
– Measurement of the maximum flame height was removed from Clause 9.
– The reference to this test as “GWEPT” was introduced along with an applicable title
change.
– Annex A has been revised to reflect current practice by prominent product committees.
The committee has decided that the contents of this publication will remain unchanged until
the stability date indicated on the IEC web site under "http://webstore.iec.ch" in the data
related to the specific publication. At this date, the publication will be
• reconfirmed,
• withdrawn,
• replaced by a revised edition, or
• amended.
IMPORTANT – The 'colour inside' logo on the cover page of this publication indicates
that it contains colours which are considered to be useful for the correct
understanding of its contents. Users should therefore print this document using a
colour printer.
60695-2-11 © IEC:2014 – 5 –
INTRODUCTION
The purpose of this Introduction is to provide background regarding the basic guidance that
prompted the preparation of this International Standard and how it relates to the Scope.
In the design of any electrotechnical product, the risk of fire and the potential hazards
associated with fire need to be considered. In this respect the objective within the design of
component, circuit, and product design, as well as the choice of the materials, is to reduce to
acceptable levels the potential risks of fire during normal operating conditions, reasonable
foreseeable abnormal use, malfunction, and/or failure. IEC Technical Committee 89 has
developed IEC 60695-1-10, together with its companion, IEC 60695-1-11, to provide guidance
on how this is to be accomplished.
The primary aims of IEC 60695-1-10 and IEC 60695-1-11 are to provide guidance on how:
a) to prevent ignition caused by an electrically energized component part, and
b) to confine any resulting fire within the bounds of the enclosure of the electrotechnical
product in the event of ignition.
Secondary aims of these documents include the minimization of any flame spread beyond the
product’s enclosure and the minimization of harmful effects of fire effluents such as heat,
smoke, toxicity and/or corrosivity.
Fires involving electrotechnical products can also be initiated from external non-electrical
sources. Considerations of this nature should be dealt with in the overall fire hazard
assessment.
In electrotechnical equipment, overheated metal parts can act as ignition sources. In glow-
wire tests, a glowing wire is used to simulate such an ignition source.
IEC 60695-2-10 describes a glow-wire test apparatus and common test procedure,
IEC 60695-2-12 describes a glow-wire flammability index (GWFI) test method for materials,
and IEC 60695-2-13 describes a glow-wire ignition temperature (GWIT) test method for
materials.
This standard is used to assess the reaction of end products to heat caused by contact with
an electrically heated wire under controlled laboratory conditions. This may be useful for the
evaluation of end products that may be exposed to excess thermal stress such as a fault
current flowing through a wire, overloading of components, and/or poor electrical connections.
It should not be used to solely describe or appraise the fire hazard or fire risk of products, or
assemblies under actual fire conditions. However, results of this test may be used as
elements of a fire hazard assessment which takes into account all of the factors which are
pertinent to a particular end use.
This international standard may involve hazardous materials, operations, and equipment. It
does not purport to address all of the safety problems associated with its use. It is the
responsibility of the user of this international standard to establish appropriate safety and
health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
– 6 – 60695-2-11 © IEC:2014
FIRE HAZARD TESTING –
Part 2-11: Glowing/hot-wire based test methods –
Glow-wire flammability test method for end-products (GWEPT)
1 Scope
This part of IEC 60695 specifies a test method on an end product. It is intended to simulate
the effects of thermal stresses produced by an electrically heated source to represent a fire
hazard.
This test method is used to check that, under defined test conditions, an end product exposed
to an electrically heated source has either a limited ability to ignite or, if it ignites, a limited
ability to propagate flame. However, the fire hazard analysis, the flammability aspects and
the flame spreading to other products are not covered by the present standard.
This basic safety publication is intended for use by technical committees in the preparation of
standards in accordance with the principles laid down in IEC Guide 104 and
ISO/IEC Guide 51.
One of the responsibilities of a technical committee is, wherever applicable, to make use of
basic safety publications in the preparation of its publications. The requirements, test
methods or test conditions of this basic safety publication will not apply unless specifically
referred to or included in the relevant publications.
2 Normative references
The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and
are indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any
amendments) applies.
IEC 60695-2-10, Fire hazard testing – Part 2-10: Glowing/hot-wire based test methods –
Glow-wire apparatus and common test procedure
IEC Guide 104, The preparation of safety publications and the use of basic safety publications
and group safety publications
ISO/IEC Guide 51, Safety aspects – Guidelines for their inclusion in standards
3 Terms and definitions
For the purpose of this document the following terms and definitions apply.
3.1
burn, intransitive verb
undergo combustion
[SOURCE: ISO/IEC 13943:2008, definition 4.28]
60695-2-11 © IEC:2014 – 7 –
3.2
combustible, adjective
capable of being ignited and burned
[SOURCE: ISO/IEC 13943:2008, definition 4.43]
3.3
combustion
exothermic reaction of a substation with an oxidizing agent
Note 1 to entry: Combustion generally emits fire effluent accompanied by flames and/or glowing.
[SOURCE: ISO/IEC 13943:2008, definition 4.46]
3.4
enclosure
〈electrotechnical〉 external casing protecting the electrical and mechanical parts of apparatus
Note 1 to entry: The term excludes cables.
[SOURCE: ISO/IEC 13943:2008, definition 4.78]
3.5
end product
product that is ready for use without modification
Note 1 to entry: An end product can be a component of another end product.
[SOURCE: IEC 60695-4:2012, definition 3.2.7]
3.6
fire hazard
physical object or condition with a potential for an undesirable consequence from fire
[SOURCE: ISO/IEC 13943:2008, definition 4.112]
3.7
fire hazard assessment
evaluation of the possible causes of fire, the possibility and nature of subsequent fire growth,
and the possible consequences of fire
[SOURCE: IEC 60695-4:2012, definition 3.2.10]
3.8
fire risk
probability of a fire combined with a quantified measure of its consequence
Note 1 to entry: It is often calculated as the product of probability and consequence.
[SOURCE: ISO/IEC 13943:2008, definition 4.124]
3.9
flame
rapid, self sustaining, sub-sonic propagation of combustion in a gaseous medium, usually with
emission of light
[SOURCE: ISO/IEC 13943:2008, definition 4.133]
– 8 – 60695-2-11 © IEC:2014
3.10
flame spread
propagation of a flame front
[SOURCE: ISO/IEC 13943:2008, definition 4.142]
3.11
flammability
ability of a material or product to burn with a flame under specified conditions
[SOURCE: ISO/IEC 13943:2008, definition 4.151]
3.12
glowing, adjective
emitting light without flame from the combustion of a material in the solid phase
3.13
ignition
sustained ignition (deprecated)
〈general〉 initiation of combustion
[SOURCE: ISO/IEC 13943:2008, definition 4.187]
3.14
insignificant mass
insufficient combustible material to constitute a fire hazard
Note 1 to entry: A default value is 2 g, but product TCs may assign a different value appropriate to the product
type and scale.
[SOURCE: IEC 60695-4:2012, definition 3.2.16]
3.15
small part
part with a dimension less than the minimum specified for the relevant test method
[SOURCE: IEC 60695-4:2012, definition 3.2.25]
4 Test specimens
4.1 General
It is not necessary to test end products or parts of end products which have insignificant
mass. Additionally, this test method is not suitable for testing small parts (see 4.4).
4.2 Complete end product
It is preferred that the test specimen should be a complete end product as opposed to a
partial end product (see 4.3). The test specimen shall be chosen so that the conditions of the
test will not be significantly different from those occurring in normal use with regard to shape,
ventilation, effect of thermal stresses, and eventually, the effects of burning or glowing
particles falling from the test specimen.
4.3 Partial end product (alternative)
If the test cannot be made on a complete end product then, unless otherwise specified by the
relevant product standard, it is acceptable to
60695-2-11 © IEC:2014 – 9 –
a) cut a piece containing the part under examination from a complete and assembled end
product, or
b) cut an aperture in the complete end product to allow the glow-wire access, or
c) remove the part under examination in its entirety and test it separately.
Technical committees should define in their relevant product standards what may be removed
to achieve access. So far as possible, these product standards should strive to replicate
actual service locations and conditions.
4.4 Test considerations and limitations associated with the specimen configuration
When cutting an opening for access purposes, a small aperture may affect the results by
leading to the ignition of the surroundings and/or reducing the temperature of the tip of the
glow-wire. The opening should be large enough to supply an adequate supply of air for
combustion.
If, during the test, any part of the equipment containing the test specimen is ignited by
extraneous heat from the glow-wire which in turn influences the thermal conditions at the test
specimen, the test shall be invalid.
The glow-wire flammability test method for end products shall not be used for testing small
parts. This is because such parts cannot be effectively supported to avoid heat losses (see
IEC 60695-2-10), and they are not able to accommodate the penetration of the glow-wire.
The following are considered to be small parts:
a) where each surface lies completely within a circle of 15 mm in diameter; or
b) where it is not possible to fit a circle of 8 mm in diameter completely on at least one of the
surfaces while, at least one part dimension is > 15 mm.
See Figure 1.
When checking a surface,
a) projections on the surface are disregarded and
b) holes or recesses which are not greater than 2 mm in any dimension are disregarded.
Parts under examination
GWEPT is not possible if: GWEPT can be conducted if:
GWEPT is not possible if:
Each surface fits in the At least one of the surfaces At least one of the surfaces
15 mm diameter circle does NOT cover the 8 mm covers the 8 mm diameter
circle completely while any circle completely while at
other dimension (l,w,h) least one other
is > 15 mm dimension(l,w,h) is > 15 mm
Key:
8 mm
15 mm
IEC 0019/14
Figure 1 – Small parts
– 10 – 60695-2-11 © IEC:2014
5 Test apparatus
The test apparatus is specified in IEC 60695-2-10.
To evaluate the possibility of the spread of fire, for example by burning or glowing particles
falling from the test specimen, a specified layer as described in IEC 60695-2-10, or the
material or components normally surrounding or situated underneath the test specimen, are
placed underneath the test specimen. The distance between the test specimen and the
specified layer representing the surrounding material or components, shall be equal to that
which occurs in end use. If the test specimen is a component such that surrounding materials
and distances are unknown, then the wrapping tissue / wooden board specified layer
described in IEC 60695-2-10 shall be placed 200 mm ± 5 mm below the glow wire point of
contact.
If the test specimen is a complete free-standing equipment, it is placed in its normal position
of use on the specified layer as described in IEC 60695-2-10extending for at least 100 mm
outside the base of the equipment in all directions.
If the test specimen is a complete wall-mounted equipment, it is fixed in its normal position of
use 200 mm ± 5 mm above the specified layer as described in IEC 60695-2-10.
6 Verification of the temperature measuring system
The method of verification of the temperature measuring system is specified in
IEC 60695-2-10.
7 Conditioning
7.1 Conditioning of test specimens
Unless otherwise specified in the relevant product standard, the test specimens shall be
conditioned for 24 h in an atmosphere having a temperature between 15 °C and 35 °C and a
relative humidity between 45 % and 75 %.
7.2 Conditioning of specified layers
If the wrapping tissue / wooden board specified layer is used, the conditioning shall be carried
out according to IEC 60695-2-10. If the material or components normally surrounding or
situated underneath the test specimen is used, the material or components shall be
conditioned in the same way as the test specimen (see 7.1).
7.3 Testing conditions
The test specimens shall be tested in a laboratory atmosphere having a temperature between
15 °C and 35 °C and a relative humidity less than or equal to 75 %. Testing shall be
completed within 30 minutes after the specimen is removed from the conditions specified in
7.1.
8 Test procedure
8.1 General
In addition to the common test procedure specified in IEC 60695-2-10, if not otherwise
specified, the test specimen shall be so arranged that the tip of the glow-wire is applied to the
part of the surface of the test specimen which is likely to be subjected to thermal stresses in
normal use. The glow-wire shall be maintained as close to the horizontal as is practicable.
60695-2-11 © IEC:2014 – 11 –
In cases where the test shall be made at more than one point on the same test specimen,
care shall be taken that any deterioration caused by previous tests will not affect the result of
the test to be made.
In cases where the areas subjected to thermal stresses during normal use of the equipment
are not specified in detail, the tip of the glow-wire is applied at a place where the section is
thinnest, but if possible not less than 15 mm from the upper edge of the test specimen.
Clamping the test specimen onto the test apparatus shall not introduce excessive internal
mechanical stresses in the test specimen during the test.
8.2 Test temperatures
The glow-wire is heated to the test temperature specified in the relevant product standard.
This temperature should preferably be one of the temperatures shown in Table 1.
Table 1 – Test temperatures
Test temperatures Tolerances
°C °C
± 10
± 10
± 10
± 10
750 ± 10
± 15
± 15
± 15
± 15
When selecting test temperatures, product committees should consider Figure A.1 which
gives suggested glow-wire end product test (GWEPT) temperatures.
8.3 Number of test specimens
If not otherwise specified by the relevant product standard, the test is made on one test
specimen.
9 Observations and measurements
During the time of application of the glow-wire, t (30 s ± 1 s), and during a further period of
A
30 s, the test specimen, the parts surrounding the test specimen and the specified layer
placed below it shall be observed and the following shall be reported:
a) whether there is no ignition; or, if there is ignition, the duration, t (to the nearest 0,5 s),
i
from the beginning of tip application up to the time at which the test specimen or the
specified layer placed below it ignites;
b) the duration, t , (to the nearest 0,5 s) from the beginning of tip application up to the time
E
when all flames extinguish, during or after the period of application;
c) whether the test specimen extinguishes by virtue of most of the flaming material being
withdrawn with the glow-wire;
d) whether the test specimen is totally burned; and
– 12 – 60695-2-11 © IEC:2014
e) whether there is any ignition of the specified layer placed underneath the test specimen.
10 Evaluation of test results
The test specimen is considered to have a GWEPT of T if at a test temperature of T °C,
a) there is no ignition, or
b) all of the following situations apply when ignition has occurred:
i) if flames or glowing combustion of the test specimen extinguish within 30 s after
removal of the glow wire, i.e. t ≤ t + 30 s; and
E A
ii) the specified layer placed underneath the test specimen does not ignite.
11 Test report
The test report shall include the following information:
a) a reference to this International Standard;
b) a description of the test specimen including type and manufacturer (see Clause 4);
c) a description of the method for preparation of the test specimen (see Clause 4);
d) the conditioning of the test specimens (see Clause 7);
e) the number of test specimens tested (see 8.3);
f) the surface tested and the points of application of the glow-wire (see 8.1);
g) the specified layer used to evaluate the effect of flaming particles and its vertical distance
to the glow wire point of application (see Clause 5);
h) the test temperature (see 8.2);
i) all applicable observations and measurements from Clause 9; and
j) the GWEPT as determined in Clause 10 shall be reported in the following manner, for
example, for a test specimen tested at 850 °C:
GWEPT: 850
12 Information to be given in the relevant product standard
When referencing this method, technical committees shall indicate the following details:
a) the type and description of the test specimen (see Clause 4);
b) the method of preparation (see Clause 4);
c) any conditioning of the test specimens (see Clause 7);
d) the number of test specimens (see 8.3);
e) the surface to be tested and the points of application of the glow-wire (see 8.1);
f) the specified layer to be used to evaluate the effect of flaming particles (see Clause 5);
g) the GWEPT (see Clause 10) and test temperature (see 8.2), for example, “GWEPT of
850 °C in accordance with IEC 60695-2-11”;
h) the relevant part(s) or zone(s) of the product subjected to the test on the same test
specimen (see 8.1);
i) whether the criteria specified are sufficient to check compliance with the safety
requirements, or whether other criteria , should be used (see Clause 9); and
j) whether consequential testing needs to be considered to cover residual risks and, if so,
which test method and what requirements should be specified.
NOTE See IEC 60695-1-11 for additional guidance on consequential testing.
60695-2-11 © IEC:2014 – 13 –
Annex A
(informative)
Suggested GWEPT temperatures
Figure A.1 demonstrates suggested GWEPT temperatures.
Insignificant
Part too Insignificant energy to cause
no no
Start
small? mass? ignition
(See NOTE 2)
yes
yes
GWEPT not possible GWEPT
yes
(Clause 4.4) not needed
no
In contact
Retaining current Installation with, or in close
carrying parts in yes Equipment? no proximity to, current
position? (see NOTE 3) carrying parts? (see
NOTE 2)
yes
yes
Attended? yes I > 0,5A?
Fire Hazard
Assessment
(See NOTE 1)
no
no
Unattended
and I > 0,2A?
no
no
GWEPT yes
960°C
yes
GWEPT
GWEPT
750°C and
850°C
850°C
GWEPT GWEPT
750°C no
750°C
GWEPT GWEPT
650°C 650°C
GWEPT
550°C
IEC 0020/14
Key:
I = rated current
A = amps
GWEPT = Glow Wire End Product Test
NOTE 1 A separate Fire Hazard Assessment (FHA) as determined by the relevant product standard will dictate
the appropriate GWEPT temperature.
NOTE 2 The phrases “insufficient energy” and “close proximity” should be defined by the relevant product
committee. It is dependent upon a number of factors (for example: the severity of the hazard).
NOTE 3 Examples of installation equipment include socket outlets, circuit protection devices, and LV switchgear.
NOTE 4 The right side of the flow chart (Installation equipment = no) is intended to partially represent the limited
application of the GWEPT as currently used by IEC 60335-1. Refer to that document for other considerations.
Figure A.1 – Suggested GWEPT temperatures
– 14 – 60695-2-11 © IEC:2014
Bibliography
[1] IEC 60695-1-10, Fire hazard testing – Part 1-10: Guidance for assessing the fire hazard
of electrotechnical products – General guidelines
[2] IEC 60695-1-11, Fire hazard testing – Part 1-11: Guidance for assessing the fire hazard
of electrotechnical products – Fire hazard assessment
[3] IEC 60695-2-12, Fire hazard testing – Part 2-12: Glowing/hot-wire based test methods –
Glow-wire flammability index (GWFI) test method for materials
[4] IEC 60695-2-13, Fire hazard testing – Part 2-13: Glowing/hot-wire based test methods –
Glow-wire ignition temperature (GWIT) test method for materials
[5] IEC 60335-1, Household and similar electrical appliances – Safety – Part 1: General
requirements
IEC 60695-4:2012, Fire hazard testing – Part 4: Terminology
ISO/IEC 13943:2008, Fire safety – Vocabulary
_____________
– 16 – 60695-2-11 © CEI:2014
SOMMAIRE
AVANT-PROPOS . 17
INTRODUCTION . 19
1 Domaine d’application . 20
2 Références normatives . 20
3 Termes et définitions . 20
4 Eprouvettes d’essai . 22
4.1 Généralités . 22
4.2 Produit fini complet . 23
4.3 Produit fini partiel (variante) . 23
4.4 Considérations d’essai et limitations associées à la configuration de
l’éprouvette d’essai . 23
5 Appareillage d’essai . 24
6 Vérification du système de mesure de la température . 25
7 Conditionnement . 25
7.1 Conditionnement des éprouvettes d’essai . 25
7.2 Conditionnement des sous-couches spécifiées . 25
7.3 Conditions d'essai . 25
8 Mode opératoire . 25
8.1 Généralités . 25
8.2 Températures d’essai . 26
8.3 Nombre d’éprouvettes d’essai . 26
9 Observations et mesures . 26
10 Evaluation des résultats d’essai . 26
11 Rapport d’essai . 27
12 Renseignements à fournir dans la norme de produits applicable . 27
Annexe A (informative) Températures suggérées pour la méthode GWEPT . 28
Bibliographie . 30
Figure 1 – Petites pièces . 24
Figure A.1 – Températures suggérées pour la méthode GWEPT . 29
Tableau 1 – Températures d’essai . 26
60695-2-11 © CEI:2014 – 17 –
COMMISSION ÉLECTROTECHNIQUE INTERNATIONALE
____________
ESSAIS RELATIFS AUX RISQUES DU FEU –
Partie 2-11: Essais au fil incandescent/chauffant –
Méthode d’essai d’inflammabilité pour produits finis (GWEPT)
AVANT-PROPOS
1) La Commission Electrotechnique Internationale (CEI) est une organisation mondiale de normalisation
composée de l'ensemble des comités électrotechniques nationaux (Comités nationaux de la CEI). La CEI a
pour objet de favoriser la coopération internationale pour toutes les questions de normalisation dans les
domaines de l'électricité et de l'électronique. A cet effet, la CEI – entre autres activités – publie des Normes
internationales, des Spécifications techniques, des Rapports techniques, des Spécifications accessibles au
public (PAS) et des Guides (ci-après dénommés "Publication(s) de la CEI"). Leur élaboration est confiée à des
comités d'études, aux travaux desquels tout Comité national intéressé par le sujet traité peut participer. Les
organisations internationales, gouvernementales et non gouvernementales, en liaison avec la CEI, participent
également aux travaux. La CEI collabore étroitement avec l'Organisation Internationale de Normalisation (ISO),
selon des conditions fixées par accord entre les deux organisations.
2) Les décisions ou accords officiels de la CEI concernant les questions techniques représentent, dans la mesure
du possible, un accord international sur les sujets étudiés, étant donné que les Comités nationaux de la CEI
intéressés sont représentés dans chaque comité d’études.
3) Les Publications de la CEI se présentent sous la forme de recommandations internationales et sont agréées
comme telles par les Comités nationaux de la CEI. Tous les efforts raisonnables sont entrepris afin que la CEI
s'assure de l'exactitude du contenu technique de ses publications; la CEI ne peut pas être tenue responsable
de l'éventuelle mauvaise utilisation ou interprétation qui en est faite par un quelconque utilisateur final.
4) Dans le but d'encourager l'uniformité internationale, les Comités nationaux de la CEI s'engagent, dans toute la
mesure possible, à appliquer de façon transparente les Publications de la CEI dans leurs publications
nationales et régionales. Toutes divergences entre toutes Publications de la CEI et toutes publications
nationales ou régionales correspondantes doivent être indiquées en termes clairs dans ces dernières.
5) La CEI elle-même ne fournit aucune attestation de conformité. Des organismes de certification indépendants
fournissent des services d'évaluation de conformité et, dans certains secteurs, accèdent aux marques de
conformité de la CEI. La CEI n'est responsable d'aucun des services effectués par les organismes de
certification indépendants.
6) Tous les utilisateurs doivent s'assurer qu'ils sont en possession de la dernière édition de cette publication.
7) Aucu
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