IEC 60695-2-11:2021
(Main)Fire hazard testing - Part 2-11: Glowing/hot-wire based test methods - Glow-wire flammability test method for end products (GWEPT)
Fire hazard testing - Part 2-11: Glowing/hot-wire based test methods - Glow-wire flammability test method for end products (GWEPT)
IEC 60695-2-11:2021 specifies a test method on an end product. It is intended to simulate the effects of thermal stresses produced by an electrically heated source to represent a fire hazard. This test method is used to check that, under defined test conditions, an end product exposed to an electrically heated source has either a limited ability to ignite or, if it ignites, a limited ability to propagate flame. However, the fire hazard analysis, the flammability aspects and the flame spreading to other products are not covered by this document. This basic safety publication focusing on safety test method(s) is primarily intended for use by technical committees in the preparation of safety publications in accordance with the principles laid down in IEC Guide 104 and ISO/IEC Guide 51. One of the responsibilities of a technical committee is, wherever applicable, to make use of basic safety publications in the preparation of its publications. This publication is to be read in conjunction with IEC 60695-2-10. This third edition cancels and replaces the second edition published in 2014. This edition constitutes a technical revision. This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition:
a) Numerous terms and definitions relevant to this document have been added to Clause 3.
Essais relatifs aux risques du feu - Partie 2-11: Essais au fil incandescent/chauffant - Méthode d'essai d'inflammabilité pour produits finis (GWEPT)
L'IEC 60695-2-11:2021 spécifie une méthode d’essai applicable au produit fini. Elle est destinée à simuler les effets des contraintes thermiques produites par une source chauffée électriquement afin de représenter un danger d’incendie. La présente méthode d’essai permet de vérifier que, dans des conditions d’essai définies, un produit fini exposé à une source chauffée électriquement présente une aptitude limitée à s’enflammer ou, s’il s’enflamme, une aptitude limitée à propager la flamme. Cependant, le présent document ne traite pas de l’analyse du danger d'incendie, des aspects d’inflammabilité et de propagation de flammes à d’autres produits. La présente publication fondamentale de sécurité, fondée sur la ou les méthodes d'essai de sécurité, est essentiellement destinée à être utilisée par les comités d’études dans le cadre de l’élaboration de publications de sécurité conformément aux principes établis dans le Guide IEC 104 et le Guide ISO/IEC 51. L’une des responsabilités d’un comité d’études consiste, le cas échéant, à utiliser les publications fondamentales de sécurité dans le cadre de l’élaboration de ses publications. Cette norme doit être utilisée conjointement avec l’IEC 60695-2-10. Cette troisième édition annule et remplace la deuxième édition parue en 2014. Cette édition constitue une révision technique. Cette édition inclut les modifications techniques majeures suivantes par rapport à l’édition précédente:
a) ajout à l’Article 3 de nombreux termes et définitions applicables au présent document.
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Fire hazard testing –
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IEC 60695-2-11 ®
Edition 3.0 2021-10
REDLINE VERSION
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
colour
inside
HORIZONTAL PUBLICATION
Fire hazard testing –
Part 2-11: Glowing/hot-wire based test methods – Glow-wire flammability test
method for end products (GWEPT)
INTERNATIONAL
ELECTROTECHNICAL
COMMISSION
ICS 13.220.40; 29.020 ISBN 978-2-8322-4419-7
– 2 – IEC 60695-2-11:2021 RLV © IEC 2021
CONTENTS
FOREWORD . 3
INTRODUCTION . 2
1 Scope . 6
2 Normative references . 6
3 Terms and definitions . 6
4 Test specimens . 9
4.1 General . 9
4.2 Complete end product . 9
4.3 Partial end product (alternative) . 9
4.4 Test considerations and limitations associated with the specimen
configuration . 9
5 Test apparatus . 10
6 Verification of the temperature measuring system . 10
7 Conditioning . 10
7.1 Conditioning of test specimens . 10
7.2 Conditioning of specified layers . 11
7.3 Testing conditions . 11
8 Test procedure . 11
8.1 General . 11
8.2 Test temperatures . 11
8.3 Number of test specimens . 12
9 Observations and measurements . 12
10 Evaluation of test results . 12
11 Test report . 13
12 Information to be given in the relevant product standard . 13
Annex A (informative) Suggested GWEPT temperatures . 14
Bibliography . 16
Figure 1 – Small parts . 10
Figure A.1 – Suggested GWEPT temperatures . 15
Table 1 – Test temperatures . 12
INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION
____________
FIRE HAZARD TESTING –
Part 2-11: Glowing/hot-wire based test methods –
Glow-wire flammability test method for end products (GWEPT)
FOREWORD
1) The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is a worldwide organization for standardization comprising
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rights. IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
This redline version of the official IEC Standard allows the user to identify the changes
made to the previous edition IEC 60695-2-11:2014. A vertical bar appears in the margin
wherever a change has been made. Additions are in green text, deletions are in
strikethrough red text.
– 4 – IEC 60695-2-11:2021 RLV © IEC 2021
IEC 60695-2-11 has been prepared by IEC technical committee 89: Fire hazard testing. It is an
International Standard.
This third edition cancels and replaces the second edition published in 2014. This edition
constitutes a technical revision.
This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous
edition:
a) Numerous terms and definitions relevant to this document have been added to Clause 3.
The text of this International Standard is based on the following documents:
FDIS Report on voting
89/1536/FDIS 89/1544/RVD
Full information on the voting for its approval can be found in the report on voting indicated in
the above table.
The language used for the development of this International Standard is English.
This document was drafted in accordance with ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2, and developed in
accordance with ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1 and ISO/IEC Directives, IEC Supplement, available
at www.iec.ch/members_experts/refdocs. The main document types developed by IEC are
described in greater detail at www.iec.ch/standardsdev/publications.
It has the status of a basic safety publication in accordance with IEC Guide 104.
This standard is to be used in conjunction with IEC 60695-2-10.
A list of all the parts in the IEC 60695 series, under the general title Fire hazard testing, can be
found on the IEC web site.
In this standard, the following print types are used:
• terms defined in Clause 3: in bold type
The committee has decided that the contents of this document will remain unchanged until the
stability date indicated on the IEC website under webstore.iec.ch in the data related to the
specific document. At this date, the document will be
• reconfirmed,
• withdrawn,
• replaced by a revised edition, or
• amended.
IMPORTANT – The 'colour inside' logo on the cover page of this publication indicates that it
contains colours which are considered to be useful for the correct understanding of its
contents. Users should therefore print this document using a colour printer.
INTRODUCTION
The purpose of this Introduction is to provide background regarding the basic guidance that
prompted the preparation of this International Standard and how it relates to the Scope.
In the design of any electrotechnical product, the risk of fire and the potential hazards
associated with fire need to be considered. In this respect the objective within the design of
component, circuit, and product design, as well as the choice of the materials, is to reduce to
acceptable levels the potential risks of fire during normal operating conditions, reasonable
foreseeable abnormal use, malfunction, and/or failure. IEC 60695-1-10 [1] , together with its
companion IEC 60695-1-11 [2], has been developed to provide guidance on how this is to be
accomplished.
The primary aims of IEC 60695-1-10 and IEC 60695-1-11 are to provide guidance on how to:
a) prevent ignition caused by an electrically energized component part, and
b) confine any resulting fire within the bounds of the enclosure of the electrotechnical product
in the event of ignition.
Secondary aims of IEC 60695-1-10 and IEC 60695-1-11 include the minimization of any flame
spread beyond the product’s enclosure and the minimization of harmful effects of fire effluents
such as heat, smoke, toxicity and/or corrosivity.
Fires involving electrotechnical products can also be initiated from external non-electrical
sources. Considerations of this nature should be are normally dealt with in the overall fire
hazard assessment.
In electrotechnical equipment, overheated metal parts can act as ignition sources. In glow-wire
tests, a glowing wire is used to simulate such an ignition source.
IEC 60695-2-10 describes a glow-wire test apparatus and common test procedure, IEC 60695-
2-12 [3] describes a glow-wire flammability index (GWFI) test method for materials, and
IEC 60695-2-13 [4] describes a glow-wire ignition temperature (GWIT) test method for materials.
This document is used to assess the reaction of end products to heat caused by contact with
an electrically heated wire under controlled laboratory conditions. This may be useful for the
evaluation of end products that may be exposed to excess thermal stress such as a fault current
flowing through a wire, overloading of components, and/or poor electrical bad connections. It
should not be used to solely describe or appraise the fire hazard or fire risk of products, or
assemblies under actual fire conditions. However, results of this test may can be used as
elements of a fire hazard assessment which takes into account all of the factors which are
pertinent to a particular end use.
This document may involve hazardous materials, operations, and equipment. It does not purport
to address all of the safety problems associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user
of this document to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the
applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
___________
Numbers in square brackets refer to the bibliography.
– 6 – IEC 60695-2-11:2021 RLV © IEC 2021
FIRE HAZARD TESTING –
Part 2-11: Glowing/hot-wire based test methods –
Glow-wire flammability test method for end products (GWEPT)
1 Scope
This part of IEC 60695 specifies a test method on an end product. It is intended to simulate the
effects of thermal stresses produced by an electrically heated source to represent a fire hazard.
This test method is used to check that, under defined test conditions, an end product exposed
to an electrically heated source has either a limited ability to ignite or, if it ignites, a limited
ability to propagate flame. However, the fire hazard analysis, the flammability aspects and the
flame spreading to other products are not covered by this document.
This basic safety publication focusing on safety test method(s) is primarily intended for use by
technical committees in the preparation of standards safety publications in accordance with the
principles laid down in IEC Guide 104 and ISO/IEC Guide 51.
One of the responsibilities of a technical committee is, wherever applicable, to make use of
basic safety publications in the preparation of its publications. The requirements, test methods
or test conditions of this basic safety publication will not apply unless specifically referred to or
included in the relevant publications.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies.
For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any
amendments) applies.
IEC 60695-2-10, Fire hazard testing – Part 2-10: Glowing/hot-wire based test methods – Glow-
wire apparatus and common test procedure
IEC 60695-4:2012, Fire hazard testing – Part 4: Terminology concerning fire tests for
electrotechnical products
IEC Guide 104, The preparation of safety publications and the use of basic safety publications
and group safety publications
ISO/IEC Guide 51, Safety aspects – Guidelines for their inclusion in standards
ISO 13943:2017, Fire safety – Vocabulary
3 Terms and definitions
For the purpose of this document, the following terms and definitions given in ISO 13943:2017
and IEC 60695-4:2012, some of which are reproduced below for the user's convenience, and
in IEC 60695-2-10 regarding times and durations, and the following apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following
addresses:
• IEC Electropedia: available at http://www.electropedia.org/
• ISO Online browsing platform: available at http://www.iso.org/obp
3.1
burn, intransitive verb
undergo combustion
[SOURCE: ISO/IEC 13943:2008, definition 4.28 ISO 13943:2017, 3.34]
3.2
combustible, adjective
capable of being ignited and burned
[SOURCE: ISO/IEC 13943:2008, definition 4.43 ISO 13943:2017, 3.52]
3.3
combustion
exothermic reaction of a substation substance with an oxidizing agent
Note 1 to entry: Combustion generally emits fire effluent accompanied by flames and/or glowing.
[SOURCE: ISO/IEC 13943:2008, definition 4.46 ISO 13943:2017, 3.55]
3.4
enclosure
external casing protecting the electrical and mechanical parts of apparatus
Note 1 to entry: The term excludes cables.
[SOURCE: ISO/IEC 13943:2008, definition 4.78 ISO 13943:2017, 3.93]
3.5
end product
product that is ready for use without modification
Note 1 to entry: An end product can be a component of another end product.
[SOURCE: IEC 60695-4:2012, 3.2.7]
3.6
fire hazard
potential for harm associated with fire
Note 1 to entry: Alternatively, fire hazard can be a physical object or condition with a potential for an undesirable
consequence from fire.
[SOURCE: ISO /IEC 13943:2008, definition 4.112 ISO 13943:2017, 3.131]
3.7
fire hazard assessment
evaluation of the possible causes of fire, the possibility and nature of subsequent fire growth,
and the possible consequences of fire
[SOURCE: IEC 60695-4:2012, 3.2.10]
3.8
fire risk
probability of a fire combined with a quantified measure of its consequence
– 8 – IEC 60695-2-11:2021 RLV © IEC 2021
Note 1 to entry: It is often calculated as the product of probability and consequence.
[SOURCE: ISO/IEC 13943:2008, definition 4.124]
estimation of expected fire loss that combines the potential for harm in various fire scenarios
that can occur with the probabilities of occurrence of those scenarios
Note 1 to entry: An alternative definition of fire risk is, "combination of the probability of a fire and a quantified
measure of its consequence".
Note 2 to entry: Fire risk is often calculated as the product of probability and consequence.
[SOURCE: ISO 13943:2017, 3.145]
3.9
flame
rapid, self-sustaining, sub-sonic propagation of combustion in a gaseous medium, usually with
emission of light
[SOURCE: ISO/IEC 13943:2008, definition 4.133 ISO 13943:2017, 3.159]
3.10
flame spread
propagation of a flame front
[SOURCE: ISO/IEC 13943:2008, definition 4.142 ISO 13943:2017, 3.168]
3.11
flammability
ability of a material or product to burn with a flame under specified conditions
[SOURCE: ISO/IEC 13943:2008, definition 4.151 ISO 13943:2017, 3.178]
3.12
glowing, adjective
emitting light without flame from the combustion of a material in the solid phase
3.13
ignition
DEPRECATED: sustained ignition
initiation of combustion
[SOURCE: ISO/IEC 13943:2008, definition 4.187 ISO 13943:2017, 3.217]
3.14
insignificant mass
insufficient combustible material to constitute a fire hazard
Note 1 to entry: A default value is 2 g, but product TCs may assign a different value appropriate to the product type
and scale.
[SOURCE: IEC 60695-4:2012, 3.2.16]
3.15
small part
part with a dimension less than the minimum specified for the relevant test method
[SOURCE: IEC 60695-4:2012, 3.2.25]
4 Test specimens
4.1 General
It is not necessary to test end products or parts of end products which have insignificant
mass. Additionally, this test method is not suitable for testing small parts (see 4.4).
4.2 Complete end product
It is preferred that Whenever possible, the test specimen should be a complete end product
as opposed to a partial end product (see 4.3). The test specimen shall be chosen so that the
conditions of the test will not be significantly different from those occurring in normal use with
regard to shape, ventilation, effect of thermal stresses, and eventually, the effects of burning
or glowing particles falling from the test specimen.
4.3 Partial end product (alternative)
If the test cannot be made on a complete end product then, unless otherwise specified by the
relevant product standard, it is acceptable to
a) cut a piece containing the part under examination from a complete and assembled end
product, or
b) cut an aperture in the complete end product to allow the glow-wire access, or
c) remove the part under examination in its entirety and test it separately.
Technical committees should define in their relevant product standards what may be removed
to achieve access. So far as possible, these product standards should strive to replicate actual
service locations and conditions.
4.4 Test considerations and limitations associated with the specimen configuration
When cutting an opening for access purposes, a small aperture may affect the results by leading
to the ignition of the surroundings and/or reducing the temperature of the tip of the glow-wire.
The opening should be large enough to supply allow an adequate supply of air for combustion.
If, during the test, any part of the equipment end product containing the test specimen is ignited
by extraneous heat from the glow-wire which in turn influences the thermal conditions at the
test specimen, the test shall be is invalid.
The glow-wire flammability test method for end products shall not be used for testing small
parts. This is because such parts cannot be effectively supported to avoid heat losses (see
IEC 60695-2-10), and they are not able to accommodate the penetration of the glow-wire.
The following are considered to be small parts:
a) where each surface lies completely within a circle of 15 mm in diameter; or
b) where it is not possible to fit a circle of 8 mm in diameter completely on at least one of the
surfaces while, at least one part dimension is > 15 mm.
See Figure 1.
When checking a surface,
1) projections on the surface are disregarded, and
2) holes or recesses which are not greater than 2 mm in any dimension are disregarded.
– 10 – IEC 60695-2-11:2021 RLV © IEC 2021
Figure 1 – Small parts
5 Test apparatus
The test apparatus is specified in of IEC 60695-2-10 shall be used except that the reference to
a specified layer may not apply.
To evaluate the possibility of the spread of fire, for example by burning or glowing particles
falling from the test specimen, a specified layer as described in IEC 60695-2-10, or the material
or components normally surrounding or situated underneath the test specimen, are placed
underneath the test specimen. The distance between the test specimen and the specified layer
representing the surrounding material or components shall be equal to that which occurs in end
use. If the test specimen is a component such that surrounding materials and distances are
unknown, then the wrapping tissue / wooden board specified layer described in IEC 60695-2-
10 shall be placed 200 mm ± 5 mm below the glow-wire point of contact.
If the test specimen is a complete free-standing equipment, it is placed in its normal position of
use on the specified layer as described in IEC 60695-2-10 extending for at least 100 mm outside
the base of the equipment in all directions.
If the test specimen is a complete wall-mounted equipment, it is fixed in its normal position of
use 200 mm ± 5 mm above the specified layer as described in IEC 60695-2-10.
6 Verification of the temperature measuring system
The method of verification of The temperature measuring system is shall be verified as specified
in IEC 60695-2-10.
7 Conditioning
7.1 Conditioning of test specimens
Unless otherwise specified in the relevant product standard, the test specimens shall be
conditioned for 24 h in an atmosphere having a temperature between 15 °C and 35 °C and a
relative humidity between 45 % and 75 %.
7.2 Conditioning of specified layers
If the wrapping tissue / or wooden board is used as specified layer is used, the conditioning
shall be carried out according to IEC 60695-2-10. If the material or components normally
surrounding or situated underneath the test specimen is used, the material or components shall
be conditioned in the same way as the test specimen (see 7.1).
7.3 Testing conditions
The test specimens shall be tested in a laboratory atmosphere having a temperature between
15 °C and 35 °C and a relative humidity less than or equal to 75 %. Testing shall be completed
within 30 minutes after the specimens and the specified layers (if any) is are removed from the
conditions specified in 7.1 and 7.2, respectively.
8 Test procedure
8.1 General
In addition to the common test procedure specified in IEC 60695-2-10, if not otherwise specified,
the test specimen shall be so arranged that the tip of the glow-wire is applied to the part of the
surface of the test specimen which is likely to be subjected to thermal stresses in normal use.
The glow-wire shall be maintained as close to the horizontal as is practicable.
In cases where the test shall be made at more than one point on the same test specimen, care
shall be taken that any deterioration caused by previous tests will not affect the result of the
test to be made.
In cases where the test shall be made at more than one point on the same test specimen,
ensure that any deterioration caused by previous tests does not affect the result. In this case,
the test shall be made at a minimum distance from the edges of the previous burnt area of 30
mm (two times the size of small parts).
In cases where the areas subjected to thermal stresses during normal use of the equipment are
not specified in detail, the tip of the glow-wire is applied at a place where the section is thinnest,
but if possible not less than 15 mm from the upper edge of the test specimen.
Clamping the test specimen onto the test apparatus shall not introduce excessive internal
mechanical stresses in the test specimen during the test.
8.2 Test temperatures
The glow-wire is heated to the test temperature specified in the relevant product standard. This
temperature should preferably be one of the temperatures shown in Table 1.
– 12 – IEC 60695-2-11:2021 RLV © IEC 2021
Table 1 – Test temperatures
Test temperatures Tolerances
°C °C
550 ±10
600 ±10
650 ±10
700 ±10
750 ±10
800 ±15
850 ±15
900 ±15
960 ±15
When selecting test temperatures, product committees should consider Annex A and its Figure
A.1, which gives suggested glow-wire end product test (GWEPT) temperatures.
8.3 Number of test specimens
If not otherwise specified by the relevant product standard, the test is made on one test
specimen.
NOTE More test specimens can be required.
9 Observations and measurements
During the time of application of the glow-wire, t t (30 s ± 1 s), and during a further period
A APP
of 30 s, time of observation t , the test specimen, the parts surrounding the test specimen
OBS
and or the specified layer placed below it shall be observed and the following shall be reported
recorded:
a) whether there is no ignition; or, if there is ignition, the duration, t (to the nearest 0,5 s), from
i
the beginning of tip application up to the time at which the test specimen or the specified
layer placed below it ignites;
b) the duration, t , (to the nearest 0,5 s) from the beginning of tip application up to the time
E
when all flames extinguish, during or after the period of application;
c) whether the test specimen extinguishes by virtue of most of the flaming material being
withdrawn with the glow-wire;
d) whether the test specimen is totally burned; and
e) whether there is any ignition of the specified layer placed underneath the test specimen.
a) whether there is no ignition; or, if there is ignition, the time of ignition, t for the test
I
specimen;
b) the time of extinguishment t ; and
E
c) whether there is any ignition of the specified layer placed underneath the test specimen.
10 Evaluation of test results
The test specimen is considered to have a GWEPT of T if at a test temperature of T °C passed
the GWEPT test if the following criteria have been met:
a) there is no ignition, or
b) all of the following situations apply when ignition has occurred:
i) if flames or glowing combustion of the test specimen extinguish within 30 s after
removal of the glow-wire, i.e. t ≤ t + 30 s t ≤ 30 s; and
E A R
ii) the specified layer placed underneath the test specimen does not ignite.
11 Test report
The test report shall include the following information:
a) a reference to IEC 60695-2-11;
b) a description of the test specimen including type and manufacturer (see Clause 4);
c) a description of the method for preparation of the test specimen (see Clause 4);
d) the conditioning of the test specimens and the specified layers (see Clause 7);
e) the number of test specimens tested (see 8.3);
f) the surface tested and the points of application of the glow-wire (see 8.1);
g) the specified layer used to evaluate the effect of flaming particles and its vertical distance
to the glow wire point of application (see Clause 5);
h) the test temperature (see 8.2);
i) all applicable observations and measurements from Clause 9; and
j) the GWEPT as determined in Clause 10 shall be reported in the following manner, for
example, for a test specimen tested at 850 °C:
GWEPT: 850
12 Information to be given in the relevant product standard
When referencing this method, technical committees shall indicate the following details:
a) the type and description of the test specimen (see Clause 4);
b) the method of preparation (see Clause 4);
c) any conditioning of the test specimens and the specified layers (see Clause 7);
d) the number of test specimens (see 8.3);
e) the surface to be tested and the points of application of the glow-wire (see 8.1);
f) the specified layer to be used to evaluate the effect of flaming particles (see Clause 5);
g) the GWEPT (see Clause 10) and test temperature (see 8.2), for example, "GWEPT of 850 °C
in accordance with IEC 60695-2-11";
h) the relevant part(s) or zone(s) of the end product subjected to the test on the same test
specimen (see 8.1);
i) whether the criteria specified are sufficient to check compliance with the safety
requirements, or whether other criteria should be used (see Clause 9); and
j) whether consequential testing needs to be considered to cover residual risks and, if so,
which test method and what requirements should be specified.
NOTE See IEC 60695-1-11 [2] for additional guidance on consequential testing.
– 14 – IEC 60695-2-11:2021 RLV © IEC 2021
Annex A
(informative)
Suggested GWEPT temperatures
Figure A.1 demonstrates suggested GWEPT temperatures.
Key
I rated current
A ampere
GWEPT Glow Wire End Product Test glow-wire flammability test method for end products
NOTE 1 A separate fire hazard assessment (FHA) as determined by the relevant product standard will dictate the
appropriate GWEPT temperature.
NOTE 2 The phrases "insufficient energy" and "close proximity" should be are defined by the relevant product
committee. It is dependent upon a number of factors (for example, the severity of the hazard).
NOTE 3 Examples of installation equipment include socket outlets, circuit protection devices, and LV switchgear.
NOTE 4 The right side of the flow chart (Installation equipment = no) is intended to partially represent the limited
application of the GWEPT as currently used by IEC 60335-1 [5]. Refer to IEC 60335-1 for other considerations.
Figure A.1 – Suggested GWEPT temperatures
– 16 – IEC 60695-2-11:2021 RLV © IEC 2021
Bibliography
[1] IEC 60695-1-10, Fire hazard testing – Part 1-10: Guidance for assessing the fire hazard
of electrotechnical products – General guidelines
[2] IEC 60695-1-11, Fire hazard testing – Part 1-11: Guidance for assessing the fire hazard
of electrotechnical products – Fire hazard assessment
[3] IEC 60695-2-12, Fire hazard testing – Part 2-12: Glowing/hot-wire based test methods –
Glow-wire flammability index (GWFI) test method for materials
[4] IEC 60695-2-13, Fire hazard testing – Part 2-13: Glowing/hot-wire based test methods –
Glow-wire ignition temperature (GWIT) test method for materials
[5] IEC 60335-1, Household and similar electrical appliances – Safety – Part 1: General
requirements
IEC 60695-4:2012, Fire hazard testing – Part 4: Terminology
ISO/IEC 13943:2008, Fire safety – Vocabulary
_____________
IEC 60695-2-11 ®
Edition 3.0 2021-10
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
NORME
INTERNATIONALE
colour
inside
HORIZONTAL PUBLICATION
PUBLICATION HORIZONTALE
Fire hazard testing –
Part 2-11: Glowing/hot-wire based test methods – Glow-wire flammability test
method for end products (GWEPT)
Essais relatifs aux risques du feu –
Partie 2-11: Essais au fil incandescent/chauffant – Méthode d’essai
d’inflammabilité pour produits finis (GWEPT)
– 2 – IEC 60695-2-11:2021 © IEC 2021
CONTENTS
FOREWORD . 3
INTRODUCTION . 5
1 Scope . 6
2 Normative references . 6
3 Terms and definitions . 6
4 Test specimens . 8
4.1 General . 8
4.2 Complete end product . 8
4.3 Partial end product (alternative) . 9
4.4 Test considerations and limitations associated with the specimen
configuration . 9
5 Test apparatus . 10
6 Verification of the temperature measuring system . 10
7 Conditioning . 10
7.1 Conditioning of test specimens . 10
7.2 Conditioning of specified layers . 11
7.3 Testing conditions . 11
8 Test procedure . 11
8.1 General . 11
8.2 Test temperatures . 11
8.3 Number of test specimens . 12
9 Observations and measurements . 12
10 Evaluation of test results . 12
11 Test report . 12
12 Information to be given in the relevant product standard . 13
Annex A (informative) Suggested GWEPT temperatures . 14
Bibliography . 16
Figure 1 – Small parts . 10
Figure A.1 – Suggested GWEPT temperatures . 15
Table 1 – Test temperatures . 11
INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION
____________
FIRE HAZARD TESTING –
Part 2-11: Glowing/hot-wire based test methods –
Glow-wire flammability test method for end products (GWEPT)
FOREWORD
1) The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is a worldwide organization for standardization comprising
all national electrotechnical committees (IEC National Committees). The object of IEC is to promote international
co-operation on all questions concerning standardization in the electrical and electronic fields. To this end and
in addition to other activities, IEC publishes International Standards, Technical Specifications, Technical Reports,
Publicly Available Specifications (PAS) and Guides (hereafter referred to as "IEC Publication(s)"). Their
preparation is entrusted to technical committees; any IEC National Committee interested in the subject dealt with
may participate in this preparatory work. International, governmental and non-governmental organizations liaising
with the IEC also participate in this preparation. IEC collaborates closely with the International Organization for
Standardization (ISO) in accordance with conditions determined by agreement between the two organizations.
2) The formal decisions or agreements of IEC on technical matters express, as nearly as possible, an international
consensus of opinion on the relevant subjects since each technical committee has representation from all
interested IEC National Committees.
3) IEC Publications have the form of recommendations for international use and are accepted by IEC National
Committees in that sense. While all reasonable efforts are made to ensure that the technical content of IEC
Publications is accurate, IEC cannot be held responsible for the way in which they are used or for any
misinterpretation by any end user.
4) In order to promote international uniformity, IEC National Committees undertake to apply IEC Publications
transparently to the maximum extent possible in their national and regional publications. Any divergence between
any IEC Publication and the corresponding national or regional publication shall be clearly indicated in the latter.
5) IEC itself does not provide any attestation of conformity. Independent certification bodies provide conformity
assessment services and, in some areas, access to IEC marks of conformity. IEC is not responsible for any
services carried out by independent certification bodies.
6) All users should ensure that they have the latest edition of this publication.
7) No liability shall attach to IEC or its directors, employees, servants or agents including individual experts and
members of its technical committees and IEC National Committees for any personal injury, property damage or
other damage of any nature whatsoever, whether direct or indirect, or for costs (including legal fees) and
expenses arising out of the publication, use of, or reliance upon, this IEC Publication or any other IEC
Publications.
8) Attention is drawn to the Normative references cited in this publication. Use of the referenced publications is
indispensable for the correct application of this publication.
9) Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this IEC Publication may be the subject of patent
rights. IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
IEC 60695-2-11 has been prepared by IEC technical committee 89: Fire hazard testing. It is an
International Standard.
This third edition cancels and replaces the second edition published in 2014. This edition
constitutes a technical revision.
This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous
edition:
a) Numerous terms and definitions relevant to this document have been added to Clause 3.
– 4 – IEC 60695-2-11:2021 © IEC 2021
The text of this International Standard is based on the following documents:
FDIS Report on voting
89/1536/FDIS 89/1544/RVD
Full information on the voting for its approval can be found in the report on voting indicated in
the above table.
The language used for the development of this International Standard is English.
This docu
...
IEC 60695-2-11 ®
Edition 3.0 2021-10
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
NORME
INTERNATIONALE
colour
inside
HORIZONTAL PUBLICATION
PUBLICATION HORIZONTALE
Fire hazard testing –
Part 2-11: Glowing/hot-wire based test methods – Glow-wire flammability test
method for end products (GWEPT)
Essais relatifs aux risques du feu –
Partie 2-11: Essais au fil incandescent/chauffant – Méthode d’essai
d’inflammabilité pour produits finis (GWEPT)
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IEC 60695-2-11 ®
Edition 3.0 2021-10
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
NORME
INTERNATIONALE
colour
inside
HORIZONTAL PUBLICATION
PUBLICATION HORIZONTALE
Fire hazard testing –
Part 2-11: Glowing/hot-wire based test methods – Glow-wire flammability test
method for end products (GWEPT)
Essais relatifs aux risques du feu –
Partie 2-11: Essais au fil incandescent/chauffant – Méthode d’essai
d’inflammabilité pour produits finis (GWEPT)
INTERNATIONAL
ELECTROTECHNICAL
COMMISSION
COMMISSION
ELECTROTECHNIQUE
INTERNATIONALE
ICS 13.220.40; 29.020 ISBN 978-2-8322-1011-0
– 2 – IEC 60695-2-11:2021 © IEC 2021
CONTENTS
FOREWORD . 3
INTRODUCTION . 5
1 Scope . 6
2 Normative references . 6
3 Terms and definitions . 6
4 Test specimens . 8
4.1 General . 8
4.2 Complete end product . 8
4.3 Partial end product (alternative) . 9
4.4 Test considerations and limitations associated with the specimen
configuration . 9
5 Test apparatus . 10
6 Verification of the temperature measuring system . 10
7 Conditioning . 10
7.1 Conditioning of test specimens . 10
7.2 Conditioning of specified layers . 11
7.3 Testing conditions . 11
8 Test procedure . 11
8.1 General . 11
8.2 Test temperatures . 11
8.3 Number of test specimens . 12
9 Observations and measurements . 12
10 Evaluation of test results . 12
11 Test report . 12
12 Information to be given in the relevant product standard . 13
Annex A (informative) Suggested GWEPT temperatures . 14
Bibliography . 16
Figure 1 – Small parts . 10
Figure A.1 – Suggested GWEPT temperatures . 15
Table 1 – Test temperatures . 11
INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION
____________
FIRE HAZARD TESTING –
Part 2-11: Glowing/hot-wire based test methods –
Glow-wire flammability test method for end products (GWEPT)
FOREWORD
1) The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is a worldwide organization for standardization comprising
all national electrotechnical committees (IEC National Committees). The object of IEC is to promote international
co-operation on all questions concerning standardization in the electrical and electronic fields. To this end and
in addition to other activities, IEC publishes International Standards, Technical Specifications, Technical Reports,
Publicly Available Specifications (PAS) and Guides (hereafter referred to as "IEC Publication(s)"). Their
preparation is entrusted to technical committees; any IEC National Committee interested in the subject dealt with
may participate in this preparatory work. International, governmental and non-governmental organizations liaising
with the IEC also participate in this preparation. IEC collaborates closely with the International Organization for
Standardization (ISO) in accordance with conditions determined by agreement between the two organizations.
2) The formal decisions or agreements of IEC on technical matters express, as nearly as possible, an international
consensus of opinion on the relevant subjects since each technical committee has representation from all
interested IEC National Committees.
3) IEC Publications have the form of recommendations for international use and are accepted by IEC National
Committees in that sense. While all reasonable efforts are made to ensure that the technical content of IEC
Publications is accurate, IEC cannot be held responsible for the way in which they are used or for any
misinterpretation by any end user.
4) In order to promote international uniformity, IEC National Committees undertake to apply IEC Publications
transparently to the maximum extent possible in their national and regional publications. Any divergence between
any IEC Publication and the corresponding national or regional publication shall be clearly indicated in the latter.
5) IEC itself does not provide any attestation of conformity. Independent certification bodies provide conformity
assessment services and, in some areas, access to IEC marks of conformity. IEC is not responsible for any
services carried out by independent certification bodies.
6) All users should ensure that they have the latest edition of this publication.
7) No liability shall attach to IEC or its directors, employees, servants or agents including individual experts and
members of its technical committees and IEC National Committees for any personal injury, property damage or
other damage of any nature whatsoever, whether direct or indirect, or for costs (including legal fees) and
expenses arising out of the publication, use of, or reliance upon, this IEC Publication or any other IEC
Publications.
8) Attention is drawn to the Normative references cited in this publication. Use of the referenced publications is
indispensable for the correct application of this publication.
9) Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this IEC Publication may be the subject of patent
rights. IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
IEC 60695-2-11 has been prepared by IEC technical committee 89: Fire hazard testing. It is an
International Standard.
This third edition cancels and replaces the second edition published in 2014. This edition
constitutes a technical revision.
This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous
edition:
a) Numerous terms and definitions relevant to this document have been added to Clause 3.
– 4 – IEC 60695-2-11:2021 © IEC 2021
The text of this International Standard is based on the following documents:
FDIS Report on voting
89/1536/FDIS 89/1544/RVD
Full information on the voting for its approval can be found in the report on voting indicated in
the above table.
The language used for the development of this International Standard is English.
This document was drafted in accordance with ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2, and developed in
accordance with ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1 and ISO/IEC Directives, IEC Supplement, available
at www.iec.ch/members_experts/refdocs. The main document types developed by IEC are
described in greater detail at www.iec.ch/standardsdev/publications.
It has the status of a basic safety publication in accordance with IEC Guide 104.
This standard is to be used in conjunction with IEC 60695-2-10.
A list of all the parts in the IEC 60695 series, under the general title Fire hazard testing, can be
found on the IEC web site.
In this standard, the following print types are used:
• terms defined in Clause 3: in bold type
The committee has decided that the contents of this document will remain unchanged until the
stability date indicated on the IEC website under webstore.iec.ch in the data related to the
specific document. At this date, the document will be
• reconfirmed,
• withdrawn,
• replaced by a revised edition, or
• amended.
IMPORTANT – The 'colour inside' logo on the cover page of this publication indicates that it
contains colours which are considered to be useful for the correct understanding of its
contents. Users should therefore print this document using a colour printer.
INTRODUCTION
In the design of any electrotechnical product, the risk of fire and the potential hazards
associated with fire need to be considered. In this respect the objective within the design of
component, circuit, and product design, as well as the choice of the materials, is to reduce to
acceptable levels the potential risks of fire during normal operating conditions, reasonable
foreseeable abnormal use, malfunction, and/or failure. IEC 60695-1-10 [1] , together with its
companion IEC 60695-1-11 [2], has been developed to provide guidance on how this is to be
accomplished.
The primary aims of IEC 60695-1-10 and IEC 60695-1-11 are to provide guidance on how to:
a) prevent ignition caused by an electrically energized component part, and
b) confine any resulting fire within the bounds of the enclosure of the electrotechnical product
in the event of ignition.
Secondary aims of IEC 60695-1-10 and IEC 60695-1-11 include the minimization of any flame
spread beyond the product’s enclosure and the minimization of harmful effects of fire effluents
such as heat, smoke, toxicity and/or corrosivity.
Fires involving electrotechnical products can also be initiated from external non-electrical
sources. Considerations of this nature are normally dealt with in the overall fire hazard
assessment.
In electrotechnical equipment, overheated metal parts can act as ignition sources. In glow-wire
tests, a glowing wire is used to simulate such an ignition source.
IEC 60695-2-10 describes a glow-wire test apparatus and common test procedure, IEC 60695-
2-12 [3] describes a glow-wire flammability index (GWFI) test method for materials, and
IEC 60695-2-13 [4] describes a glow-wire ignition temperature (GWIT) test method for materials.
This document is used to assess the reaction of end products to heat caused by contact with
an electrically heated wire under controlled laboratory conditions. This may be useful for the
evaluation of end products that may be exposed to excess thermal stress such as a fault current
flowing through a wire, overloading of components, and/or bad connections. It should not be
used to solely describe or appraise the fire hazard or fire risk of products, or assemblies under
actual fire conditions. However, results of this test can be used as elements of a fire hazard
assessment which takes into account all of the factors which are pertinent to a particular end
use.
This document may involve hazardous materials, operations, and equipment. It does not purport
to address all of the safety problems associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user
of this document to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the
applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
___________
Numbers in square brackets refer to the bibliography.
– 6 – IEC 60695-2-11:2021 © IEC 2021
FIRE HAZARD TESTING –
Part 2-11: Glowing/hot-wire based test methods –
Glow-wire flammability test method for end products (GWEPT)
1 Scope
This part of IEC 60695 specifies a test method on an end product. It is intended to simulate the
effects of thermal stresses produced by an electrically heated source to represent a fire hazard.
This test method is used to check that, under defined test conditions, an end product exposed
to an electrically heated source has either a limited ability to ignite or, if it ignites, a limited
ability to propagate flame. However, the fire hazard analysis, the flammability aspects and the
flame spreading to other products are not covered by this document.
This basic safety publication focusing on safety test method(s) is primarily intended for use by
technical committees in the preparation of safety publications in accordance with the principles
laid down in IEC Guide 104 and ISO/IEC Guide 51.
One of the responsibilities of a technical committee is, wherever applicable, to make use of
basic safety publications in the preparation of its publications.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies.
For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any
amendments) applies.
IEC 60695-2-10, Fire hazard testing – Part 2-10: Glowing/hot-wire based test methods – Glow-
wire apparatus and common test procedure
IEC 60695-4:2012, Fire hazard testing – Part 4: Terminology concerning fire tests for
electrotechnical products
ISO 13943:2017, Fire safety – Vocabulary
3 Terms and definitions
For the purpose of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 13943:2017 and
IEC 60695-4:2012, some of which are reproduced below for the user's convenience, and in
IEC 60695-2-10 regarding times and durations, and the following apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following
addresses:
• IEC Electropedia: available at http://www.electropedia.org/
• ISO Online browsing platform: available at http://www.iso.org/obp
3.1
burn, intransitive verb
undergo combustion
[SOURCE: ISO 13943:2017, 3.34]
3.2
combustible, adjective
capable of being ignited and burned
[SOURCE: ISO 13943:2017, 3.52]
3.3
combustion
exothermic reaction of a substance with an oxidizing agent
Note 1 to entry: Combustion generally emits fire effluent accompanied by flames and/or glowing.
[SOURCE: ISO 13943:2017, 3.55]
3.4
enclosure
external casing protecting the electrical and mechanical parts of apparatus
Note 1 to entry: The term excludes cables.
[SOURCE: ISO 13943:2017, 3.93]
3.5
end product
product that is ready for use without modification
Note 1 to entry: An end product can be a component of another end product.
[SOURCE: IEC 60695-4:2012, 3.2.7]
3.6
fire hazard
potential for harm associated with fire
Note 1 to entry: Alternatively, fire hazard can be a physical object or condition with a potential for an undesirable
consequence from fire.
[SOURCE: ISO 13943:2017, 3.131]
3.7
fire hazard assessment
evaluation of the possible causes of fire, the possibility and nature of subsequent fire growth,
and the possible consequences of fire
[SOURCE: IEC 60695-4:2012, 3.2.10]
3.8
fire risk
estimation of expected fire loss that combines the potential for harm in various fire scenarios
that can occur with the probabilities of occurrence of those scenarios
Note 1 to entry: An alternative definition of fire risk is, "combination of the probability of a fire and a quantified
measure of its consequence".
Note 2 to entry: Fire risk is often calculated as the product of probability and consequence.
[SOURCE: ISO 13943:2017, 3.145]
– 8 – IEC 60695-2-11:2021 © IEC 2021
3.9
flame
rapid, self-sustaining, sub-sonic propagation of combustion in a gaseous medium, usually with
emission of light
[SOURCE: ISO 13943:2017, 3.159]
3.10
flame spread
propagation of a flame front
[SOURCE: ISO 13943:2017, 3.168]
3.11
flammability
ability of a material or product to burn with a flame under specified conditions
[SOURCE: ISO 13943:2017, 3.178]
3.12
glowing, adjective
emitting light without flame from the combustion of a material in the solid phase
3.13
ignition
DEPRECATED: sustained ignition
initiation of combustion
[SOURCE: ISO 13943:2017, 3.217]
3.14
insignificant mass
insufficient combustible material to constitute a fire hazard
Note 1 to entry: A default value is 2 g, but product TCs may assign a different value appropriate to the product type
and scale.
[SOURCE: IEC 60695-4:2012, 3.2.16]
3.15
small part
part with a dimension less than the minimum specified for the relevant test method
[SOURCE: IEC 60695-4:2012, 3.2.25]
4 Test specimens
4.1 General
It is not necessary to test end products or parts of end products which have insignificant
mass. Additionally, this test method is not suitable for testing small parts (see 4.4).
4.2 Complete end product
Whenever possible, the test specimen should be a complete end product as opposed to a
partial end product (see 4.3). The test specimen shall be chosen so that the conditions of the
test will not be significantly different from those occurring in normal use with regard to shape,
ventilation, effect of thermal stresses, and eventually, the effects of burning or glowing particles
falling from the test specimen.
4.3 Partial end product (alternative)
If the test cannot be made on a complete end product then, unless otherwise specified by the
relevant product standard, it is acceptable to
a) cut a piece containing the part under examination from a complete and assembled end
product, or
b) cut an aperture in the complete end product to allow the glow-wire access, or
c) remove the part under examination in its entirety and test it separately.
Technical committees should define in their relevant product standards what may be removed
to achieve access. So far as possible, these product standards should strive to replicate actual
service locations and conditions.
4.4 Test considerations and limitations associated with the specimen configuration
When cutting an opening for access purposes, a small aperture may affect the results by leading
to the ignition of the surroundings and/or reducing the temperature of the tip of the glow-wire.
The opening should be large enough to allow an adequate supply of air for combustion.
If, during the test, any part of the end product containing the test specimen is ignited by
extraneous heat from the glow-wire which in turn influences the thermal conditions at the test
specimen, the test is invalid.
The glow-wire flammability test method for end products shall not be used for testing small
parts. This is because such parts cannot be effectively supported to avoid heat losses (see
IEC 60695-2-10), and they are not able to accommodate the penetration of the glow-wire.
The following are considered to be small parts:
a) where each surface lies completely within a circle of 15 mm in diameter; or
b) where it is not possible to fit a circle of 8 mm in diameter completely on at least one of the
surfaces while, at least one part dimension is > 15 mm.
See Figure 1.
When checking a surface,
1) projections on the surface are disregarded, and
2) holes or recesses which are not greater than 2 mm in any dimension are disregarded.
– 10 – IEC 60695-2-11:2021 © IEC 2021
Figure 1 – Small parts
5 Test apparatus
The test apparatus of IEC 60695-2-10 shall be used except that the reference to a specified
layer may not apply.
To evaluate the possibility of the spread of fire, for example by burning or glowing particles
falling from the test specimen, a specified layer as described in IEC 60695-2-10, or the material
or components normally surrounding or situated underneath the test specimen, are placed
underneath the test specimen. The distance between the test specimen and the specified layer
representing the surrounding material or components shall be equal to that which occurs in end
use. If the test specimen is a component such that surrounding materials and distances are
unknown, then the specified layer described in IEC 60695-2-10 shall be placed 200 mm ± 5 mm
below the glow-wire point of contact.
If the test specimen is a complete free-standing equipment, it is placed in its normal position of
use on the specified layer as described in IEC 60695-2-10 extending for at least 100 mm outside
the base of the equipment in all directions.
If the test specimen is a complete wall-mounted equipment, it is fixed in its normal position of
use 200 mm ± 5 mm above the specified layer as described in IEC 60695-2-10.
6 Verification of the temperature measuring system
The temperature measuring system shall be verified as specified in IEC 60695-2-10.
7 Conditioning
7.1 Conditioning of test specimens
Unless otherwise specified in the relevant product standard, the test specimens shall be
conditioned for 24 h in an atmosphere having a temperature between 15 °C and 35 °C and a
relative humidity between 45 % and 75 %.
7.2 Conditioning of specified layers
If the wrapping tissue or wooden board is used as specified layer, the conditioning shall be
carried out according to IEC 60695-2-10. If the material or components normally surrounding
or situated underneath the test specimen is used, the material or components shall be
conditioned in the same way as the test specimen (see 7.1).
7.3 Testing conditions
The test specimens shall be tested in a laboratory atmosphere having a temperature between
15 °C and 35 °C and a relative humidity less than or equal to 75 %. Testing shall be completed
within 30 minutes after the specimens and the specified layers (if any) are removed from the
conditions specified in 7.1 and 7.2, respectively.
8 Test procedure
8.1 General
In addition to the common test procedure specified in IEC 60695-2-10, if not otherwise specified,
the test specimen shall be so arranged that the tip of the glow-wire is applied to the part of the
surface of the test specimen which is likely to be subjected to thermal stresses in normal use.
The glow-wire shall be maintained as close to the horizontal as is practicable.
In cases where the test shall be made at more than one point on the same test specimen,
ensure that any deterioration caused by previous tests does not affect the result. In this case,
the test shall be made at a minimum distance from the edges of the previous burnt area of 30
mm (two times the size of small parts).
In cases where the areas subjected to thermal stresses during normal use of the equipment are
not specified in detail, the tip of the glow-wire is applied at a place where the section is thinnest,
but if possible not less than 15 mm from the upper edge of the test specimen.
Clamping the test specimen onto the test apparatus shall not introduce excessive internal
mechanical stresses in the test specimen during the test.
8.2 Test temperatures
The glow-wire is heated to the test temperature specified in the relevant product standard. This
temperature should preferably be one of the temperatures shown in Table 1.
Table 1 – Test temperatures
Test temperatures Tolerances
°C °C
550 ±10
600 ±10
650 ±10
700 ±10
750 ±10
800 ±15
850 ±15
900 ±15
960 ±15
– 12 – IEC 60695-2-11:2021 © IEC 2021
When selecting test temperatures, product committees should consider Annex A and its Figure
A.1, which gives suggested glow-wire end product test (GWEPT) temperatures.
8.3 Number of test specimens
If not otherwise specified by the relevant product standard, the test is made on one test
specimen.
NOTE More test specimens can be required.
9 Observations and measurements
During the time of application of the glow-wire, t (30 s ± 1 s), and during a further period of
APP
30 s, time of observation t , the test specimen, the parts surrounding the test specimen or
OBS
the specified layer placed below it shall be observed and the following shall be recorded:
a) whether there is no ignition; or, if there is ignition, the time of ignition, t for the test
I
specimen;
b) the time of extinguishment t ; and
E
c) whether there is any ignition of the specified layer placed underneath the test specimen.
10 Evaluation of test results
The test specimen is considered to have passed the GWEPT test if the following criteria have
been met:
a) there is no ignition, or
b) all of the following situations apply when ignition has occurred:
i) flames or glowing combustion of the test specimen extinguish within 30 s after removal
of the glow-wire, i.e. t ≤ 30 s; and
R
ii) the specified layer placed underneath the test specimen does not ignite.
11 Test report
The test report shall include the following information:
a) a reference to IEC 60695-2-11;
b) a description of the test specimen including type and manufacturer (see Clause 4);
c) a description of the method for preparation of the test specimen (see Clause 4);
d) the conditioning of the test specimens and the specified layers (see Clause 7);
e) the number of test specimens tested (see 8.3);
f) the surface tested and the points of application of the glow-wire (see 8.1);
g) the specified layer used to evaluate the effect of flaming particles and its vertical distance
to the glow wire point of application (see Clause 5);
h) the test temperature (see 8.2);
i) all applicable observations and measurements from Clause 9; and
j) the GWEPT as determined in Clause 10 shall be reported in the following manner, for
example, for a test specimen tested at 850 °C:
GWEPT: 850
12 Information to be given in the relevant product standard
When referencing this method, technical committees shall indicate the following details:
a) the type and description of the test specimen (see Clause 4);
b) the method of preparation (see Clause 4);
c) any conditioning of the test specimens and the specified layers (see Clause 7);
d) the number of test specimens (see 8.3);
e) the surface to be tested and the points of application of the glow-wire (see 8.1);
f) the specified layer to be used to evaluate the effect of flaming particles (see Clause 5);
g) the GWEPT (see Clause 10) and test temperature (see 8.2), for example, "GWEPT of 850 °C
in accordance with IEC 60695-2-11";
h) the relevant part(s) or zone(s) of the end product subjected to the test on the same test
specimen (see 8.1);
i) whether the criteria specified are sufficient to check compliance with the safety
requirements, or whether other criteria should be used (see Clause 9); and
j) whether consequential testing needs to be considered to cover residual risks and, if so,
which test method and what requirements should be specified.
NOTE See IEC 60695-1-11 [2] for additional guidance on consequential testing.
– 14 – IEC 60695-2-11:2021 © IEC 2021
Annex A
(informative)
Suggested GWEPT temperatures
Figure A.1 demonstrates suggested GWEPT temperatures.
Key
I rated current
A ampere
GWEPT glow-wire flammability test method for end products
NOTE 1 A separate fire hazard assessment (FHA) as determined by the relevant product standard will dictate the
appropriate GWEPT temperature.
NOTE 2 The phrases "insufficient energy" and "close proximity" are defined by the relevant product committee. It
is dependent upon a number of factors (for example, the severity of the hazard).
NOTE 3 Examples of installation equipment include socket outlets, circuit protection devices, and LV switchgear.
NOTE 4 The right side of the flow chart (Installation equipment = no) is intended to partially represent the limited
application of the GWEPT as currently used by IEC 60335-1 [5]. Refer to IEC 60335-1 for other considerations.
Figure A.1 – Suggested GWEPT temperatures
– 16 – IEC 60695-2-11:2021 © IEC 2021
Bibliography
[1] IEC 60695-1-10, Fire hazard testing – Part 1-10: Guidance for assessing the fire hazard
of electrotechnical products – General guidelines
[2] IEC 60695-1-11, Fire hazard testing – Part 1-11: Guidance for assessing the fire hazard
of electrotechnical products – Fire hazard assessment
[3] IEC 60695-2-12, Fire hazard testing – Part 2-12: Glowing/hot-wire based test methods –
Glow-wire flammability index (GWFI) test method for materials
[4] IEC 60695-2-13, Fire hazard testing – Part 2-13: Glowing/hot-wire based test methods –
Glow-wire ignition temperature (GWIT) test method for materials
[5] IEC 60335-1, Household and similar electrical appliances – Safety – Part 1: General
requirements
_____________
– 18 – IEC 60695-2-11:2021 © IEC 2021
SOMMAIRE
AVANT-PROPOS . 19
INTRODUCTION . 21
1 Domaine d’application . 22
2 Références normatives . 22
3 Termes et définitions . 22
4 Éprouvettes d’essai . 25
4.1 Généralités . 25
4.2 Produit fini complet . 25
4.3 Produit fini partiel (variante) . 25
4.4 Considérations d’essai et limitations associées à la configuration de
l’éprouvette d’essai . 25
5 Appareillage d’essai . 26
6 Vérification du système de mesure de la température . 26
7 Conditionnement . 27
7.1 Conditionnement des éprouvettes d’essai . 27
7.2 Conditionnement des sous-couches spécifiées . 27
7.3 Conditions d’essai . 27
8 Méthode d’essai . 27
8.1 Généralités . 27
8.2 Températures d’essai. 27
8.3 Nombre d’éprouvettes d’essai . 28
9 Observations et mesurages . 28
10 Évaluation des résultats d’essai . 28
11 Rapport d’essai . 29
12 Renseignements à fournir dans la norme de produit applicable. 29
Annexe A (informative) Températures suggérées pour la méthode GWEPT . 30
Bibliographie . 32
Figure 1 – Petites pièces . 26
Figure A.1 – Températures suggérées pour la méthode GWEPT . 31
Tableau 1 – Températures d’essai . 28
COMMISSION ÉLECTROTECHNIQUE INTERNATIONALE
____________
ESSAIS RELATIFS AUX RISQUES DU FEU –
Partie 2-11: Essais au fil incandescent/chauffant –
Méthode d’essai d’inflammabilité pour produits finis (GWEPT)
AVANT-PROPOS
1) La Commission Électrotechnique Internationale (IEC) est une organisation mondiale de normalisation composée
de l'ensemble des comités électrotechniques nationaux (Comités nationaux de l’IEC). L’IEC a pour objet de
favoriser la coopération internationale pour toutes les questions de normalisation dans les domaines de
l'électricité et de l'électronique. À cet effet, l’IEC – entre autres activités – publie des Normes internationales,
des Spécifications techniques, des Rapports techniques, des Spécifications accessibles au public (PAS) et des
Guides (ci-après dénommés "Publication(s) de l’IEC"). Leur élaboration est confiée à des comités d'études, aux
travaux desquels tout Comité national intéressé par le sujet traité peut participer. Les organisations
internationales, gouvernementales et non gouvernementales, en liaison avec l’IEC, participent également aux
travaux. L’IEC collabore étroitement avec l'Organisation Internationale de Normalisation (ISO), selon des
conditions fixées par accord entre les deux organisations.
2) Les décisions ou accords officiels de l’IEC concernant les questions techniques représentent, dans la mesure du
possible, un accord international sur les sujets étudiés, étant donné que les Comités nationaux de l’IEC intéressés
sont représentés dans chaque comité d’études.
3) Les Publications de l’IEC se présentent sous la forme de recommandations internationales et sont agréées
comme telles par les Comités nationaux de l’IEC. Tous les efforts raisonnables sont entrepris afin que l’IEC
s'assure de l'exactitude du contenu technique de ses publications; l’IEC ne peut pas être tenue responsable de
l'éventuelle mauvaise utilisation ou interprétation qui en est faite par un quelconque utilisateur final.
4) Dans le but d'encourager l'uniformité internationale, les Comités nationaux de l’IEC s'engagent, dans toute la
mesure possible, à appliquer de façon transparente les Publications de l’IEC dans leurs publications nationales
et régionales. Toutes divergences entre toutes Publications de l’IEC et toutes publications nationales ou
régionales correspondantes doivent être indiquées en termes clairs dans ces dernières.
5) L’IEC elle-même ne fournit aucune attestation de conformité. Des organismes de certification indépendants
fournissent des services d'évaluation de conformité et, dans certains secteurs, accèdent aux marques de
conformité de l’IEC. L’IEC n'est responsable d'aucun des services effectués par les organismes de certification
indépendants.
6) Tous les utilisateurs doivent s'assurer qu'ils sont en possession de la dernière édition de cette publication.
7) Aucune responsabilité ne doit être imputée à l’IEC, à ses administrateurs, employés, auxiliaires ou mandataires,
y compris ses experts particuliers et les membres de ses comités d'études et des Comités nationaux de l’IEC,
pour tout préjudice causé en cas de dommages corporels et matériels, ou de tout autre dommage de quelque
nature que ce soit, directe ou indirecte, ou pour supporter les coûts (y compris les frais de justice) et les dépenses
découlant de la publication ou de l'utilisation de cette Publication de l’IEC ou de toute autre Publication de l’IEC,
ou au crédit qui lui est accordé.
8) L'attention est attirée sur les références normatives citées dans cette publication. L'utilisation de publications
référencées est obligatoire pour une application correcte de la présente publication.
9) L’attention est attirée sur le fait que certains des éléments de la présente Publication de l’IEC peuvent faire l’objet
de droits de brevet. L’IEC ne saurait être tenue pour responsable de ne pas avoir identifié de tels droits de
brevets et de ne pas avoir signalé leur existence.
L’IEC 60695-2-11 a été établie par le comité d'études 89 de l’IEC: Essais relatifs aux risques
du feu. Il s'agit d'une Norme internationale.
Cette troisième édition annule et remplace la deuxième édition parue en 2014. Cette édition
constitue une révision technique.
Cette édition inclut les modifications techniques majeures suivantes par rapport à l’édition
précédente:
a) ajout à l’Article 3 de nombreux termes et définitions applicables au présent document.
– 20 – IEC 60695-2-11:2021 © IEC 2021
Le texte de cette Norme internationale est issu des documents suivants:
FDIS Rapport de vote
89/1536/FDIS 89/1544/RVD
Le
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