IEC PAS 62565-2-1:2011

IEC/PAS 62565-2-1 ®
Edition 1.0 2011-03
PUBLICLY AVAILABLE
SPECIFICATION
PRE-STANDARD
colour
inside
Nanomanufacturing – Material specifications –
Part 2-1: Single-wall carbon nanotubes – Blank detail specification

IEC/PAS 62565-2-1:2011(E)
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form
or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from
either IEC or IEC's member National Committee in the country of the requester.
If you have any questions about IEC copyright or have an enquiry about obtaining additional rights to this publication,
please contact the address below or your local IEC member National Committee for further information.

IEC Central Office
3, rue de Varembé
CH-1211 Geneva 20
Switzerland
Email: inmail@iec.ch
Web: www.iec.ch
About the IEC
The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is the leading global organization that prepares and publishes
International Standards for all electrical, electronic and related technologies.

About IEC publications
The technical content of IEC publications is kept under constant review by the IEC. Please make sure that you have the
latest edition, a corrigenda or an amendment might have been published.
 Catalogue of IEC publications: www.iec.ch/searchpub
The IEC on-line Catalogue enables you to search by a variety of criteria (reference number, text, technical committee,…).
It also gives information on projects, withdrawn and replaced publications.
 IEC Just Published: www.iec.ch/online_news/justpub
Stay up to date on all new IEC publications. Just Published details twice a month all new publications released. Available
on-line and also by email.
 Electropedia: www.electropedia.org
The world's leading online dictionary of electronic and electrical terms containing more than 20 000 terms and definitions
in English and French, with equivalent terms in additional languages. Also known as the International Electrotechnical
Vocabulary online.
 Customer Service Centre: www.iec.ch/webstore/custserv
If you wish to give us your feedback on this publication or need further assistance, please visit the Customer Service
Centre FAQ or contact us:
Email: csc@iec.ch
Tel.: +41 22 919 02 11
Fax: +41 22 919 03 00
IEC/PAS 62565-2-1 ®
Edition 1.0 2011-03
PUBLICLY AVAILABLE
SPECIFICATION
PRE-STANDARD
colour
inside
Nanomanufacturing – Material specifications –
Part 2-1: Single-wall carbon nanotubes – Blank detail specification

INTERNATIONAL
ELECTROTECHNICAL
COMMISSION
PRICE CODE
P
ICS 07.030 ISBN 978-2-88912-420-6

– 2 – PAS 62565-2-1  IEC:2011(E)
CONTENTS
FOREWORD . 3
INTRODUCTION . 5
1 Scope . 6
2 Normative references . 6
3 Terms and definitions . 6
4 Basic information . 8
5 General introduction regarding measurement methods . 9
6 Basic specification requirements . 10
7 Recommended single-wall carbon nanotubes specification format . 10
7.1 General procurement information . 10
7.2 Single-wall carbon nanotubes characterization . 11
7.2.1 General characteristics . 11
7.2.2 Electrical characteristics . 11
7.2.3 Optical characteristics . 12
7.2.4 Mechanical and dimensional characteristics . 13
8 Test methods overview . 13
Bibliography . 15

Figure 1 – Two dimensional graphene sheet with vectors defining chirality . 8
Figure 2 – Example of armchair tube (θ = 30° direction, θ as defined in Table 1), . 9
Figure 3 – Example of zigzag tube (θ = 0° direction, θ as defined in Table 1), (view
perpendicular to the CNT axis) . 9

Table 1 – Parameters of single-wall carbon nanotubes . 9
Table 2 – Format for general information . 10
Table 3 – Format for general characteristics . 11
Table 4 – Format for electrical characteristics . 12
Table 5 – Format for electrical characteristics, metallic single-wall CNTs . 12
Table 6 – Format for electrical characteristics, semiconducting single-wall CNTs . 12
Table 7 – Format for optical characteristics . 13
Table 8 – Format for mechanical and dimensional characteristics . 13
Table 9 – Summary of test methods . 14

PAS 62565-2-1  IEC:2011(E) – 3 –
INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION
____________
NANOMANUFACTURING –
MATERIAL SPECIFICATIONS –
Part 2-1: Single-wall carbon nanotubes –
Blank detail specification
FOREWORD
1) The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is a worldwide organization for standardization comprising
all national electrotechnical committees (IEC National Committees). The object of IEC is to promote
international co-operation on all questions concerning standardization in the electrical and electronic fields. To
this end and in addition to other activities, IEC publishes International Standards, Technical Specifications,
Technical Reports, Publicly Available Specifications (PAS) and Guides (hereafter referred to as “IEC
Publication(s)”). Their preparation is entrusted to technical committees; any IEC National Committee interested
in the subject dealt with may participate in this preparatory work. International, governmental and non-
governmental organizations liaising with the IEC also participate in this preparation. IEC collaborates closely
with the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) in accordance with conditions determined by
agreement between the two organizations.
2) The formal decisions or agreements of IEC on technical matters express, as nearly as possible, an international
consensus of opinion on the relevant subjects since each technical committee has representation from all
interested IEC National Committees.
3) IEC Publications have the form of recommendations for international use and are accepted by IEC National
Committees in that sense. While all reasonable efforts are made to ensure that the technical content of IEC
Publications is accurate, IEC cannot be held responsible for the way in which they are used or for any
misinterpretation by any end user.
4) In order to promote international uniformity, IEC National Committees undertake to apply IEC Publications
transparently to the maximum extent possible in their national and regional publications. Any divergence
between any IEC Publication and the corresponding national or regional publication shall be clearly indicated in
the latter.
5) IEC itself does not provide any attestation of conformity. Independent certification bodies provide conformity
assessment services and, in some areas, access to IEC marks of conformity. IEC is not responsible for any
services carried out by independent certification bodies.
6) All users should ensure that they have the latest edition of this publication.
7) No liability shall attach to IEC or its directors, employees, servants or agents including individual experts and
members of its technical committees and IEC National Committees for any personal injury, property damage or
other damage of any nature whatsoever, whether direct or indirect, or for costs (including legal fees) and
expenses arising out of the publication, use of, or reliance upon, this IEC Publication or any other IEC
Publications.
8) Attention is drawn to the Normative references cited in this publication. Use of the referenced publications is
indispensable for the correct application of this publication.
9) Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this IEC Publication may be the subject of
patent rights. IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
A PAS is a technical specification not fulfilling the requirements for a standard, but made
available to the public.
IEC-PAS 62565-2-1 has been processed by IEC technical committee 113: Nanotechnology
standardization for electrical and electronic products and systems.
The text of this PAS is based on the This PAS was approved for
following document: publication by the P-members of the
committee concerned as indicated in
the following document
Draft PAS Report on voting
113/100/PAS 113/105A/RVD
Following publication of this PAS, which is a pre-standard publication, the technical committee
or subcommittee concerned may transform it into an International Standard.

– 4 – PAS 62565-2-1  IEC:2011(E)
This PAS shall remain valid for an initial maximum period of 3 years starting from the
publication date. The validity may be extended for a single period up to a maximum of
3 years, at the end of which it shall be published as another type of normative document, or
shall be withdrawn.
After publication of future IEC 62565-2-1, this IEC-PAS 62565-2-1 will be withdrawn.
A bilingual version of this publication may be issued at a later date.

IMPORTANT – The 'colour inside' logo on the cover page of this publication indicates
that it contains colours which are considered to be useful for the correct
understanding of its contents. Users should therefore print this document using a
colour printer.
PAS 62565-2-1  IEC:2011(E) – 5 –
INTRODUCTION
This Publicly Available Specification is intended to provide guidance on how to list, illustrate
and define various characteristics of single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) for industrial
use in electronic products, and how to incorporate these into a bilateral detail specification
between vendor and user.
One particular point of interest is the fact that there are different modifications of carbon
nanotubes. Subtle differences in the physical structure lead to marked differences in
electrical, optical and chemical properties; therefore these characteristics need special
attention.
To permit common processing equipment and common unit processes with predictable and
reproducible results to be used in multiple fabrication lines, it is essential for the carbon
nanotubes characteristics to be described and assessed in a standardized manner and to
standardize the methods for quality control of the manufacturing processes.
To enable low-cost mass production (or production of pure fractions), a reliable, affordable
means of preparing one type of carbon nanotubes (e.g. single-wall semiconducting carbon
nanotubes, with a certain specified length) is necessary. To facilitate a reliable source of
carbon nanotubes with tailored properties (length, diameter, purity, chirality, conduction type),
it is necessary to specify the characteristics in a standardized way, stating the specification
limits and the characterization methods to prove conformance. This does not only reduce
transaction costs, but eliminates a major source of error, as explained below.
Accurately measuring and characterising the quality of nanotube-containing materials and the
dispersion of nanotubes in liquids or polymers, are both considered crucial for the continued
growth of applications incorporating single-wall carbon nanotubes. Significant differences in
both methodology and interpretation continue to exist from one measurement laboratory to
another. For this reason, comparison and specification of the quality of CNT materials is
extremely difficult. While progress in these measurements is being been made, significant
improvements are still needed to accurately measure and characterise the quality of carbon
nanotube-containing materials and the protocol for doing so (e.g. how to describe / specify the
characteristics relevant for the quality of the final nano-enabled product).
Furthermore, the development of reference materials is as important as improvements to
measurement / characterization techniques. In addition, it is stressed that for any of the
analysis methods, it is mandatory to specify the sample preparation method, sample size and
the sampling method.
Experiences with this PAS should be reported to the Secretariat of IEC Technical Committee
113 to provide improvements for the future IEC 62565 International Standards under
development in IEC/TC 113.
– 6 – PAS 62565-2-1  IEC:2011(E)
NANOMANUFACTURING –
MATERIAL SPECIFICATIONS –
Part 2-1: Single-wall carbon nanotubes –
Blank detail specification
1 Scope
This PAS establishes a blank detail specification for the essential electrical properties and
certain other common characteristics including dimensional, structural and mechanical
properties of single-wall carbon nanotubes.
This PAS provides a standardized format for detail specifications characterising essential
basic properties of single-wall nanotubes and recommends measurement methods.
Single-wall carbon nanotubes with a chemical modification, dispersed into a solvent or grown
on a substrate are included.
Properties and characteristics not of relevance for a specific application may be classified as
not applicable or not specified.
NOTE 1 The present state of the art in manufacturing carbon nanotubes does not produce purely single-wall
carbon nanotubes. The consequences are reflected in the requirements part.
NOTE 2 A revisable version of Tables 2 to 8 is attached to this file. These tables are intended to be used in the detail
specification to be agreed between manufacturer and user of single-wall carbon nanotubes.
Microsoft Word
Document
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document.
For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition
of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
IEC 62624, Test methods for measurement of electrical properties of carbon nanotubes
NOTE 1 Supplementary information is provided in the bibliography
NOTE 2 Terminology and nomenclature are under development in IEC/TC113/JWG 1 in cooperation with ISO/TC
229. Published terminology standards or specifications from this group will be incorporated into this document.
NOTE 3 Measurement and characterization are under development in IEC/TC113/JWG 2 in cooperation with
ISO/TC 229. Published measurement standards or specifications from this group will be incorporated into this
document.
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
NOTE 1 Terminology
...