CLC/TR 50609:2014

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-april-2014
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Technical Guidelines for Radial HVDC Networks
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: CLC/TR 50609:2014
ICS:
29.240.01 2PUHåMD]DSUHQRVLQ Power transmission and
GLVWULEXFLMRHOHNWULþQHHQHUJLMH distribution networks in
QDVSORãQR general
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

TECHNICAL REPORT
CLC/TR 50609
RAPPORT TECHNIQUE
February 2014
TECHNISCHER BERICHT
ICS 29.240.01
English version
Technical Guidelines for Radial HVDC Networks

Directives techniques pour les réseaux Technischer Leitfaden für radiale HGÜ-
HVDC radiaux Netze
This Technical Report was approved by CENELEC on 2013-12-09.

CENELEC members are the national electrotechnical committees of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus,
the Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany,
Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, the Netherlands, Norway, Poland,
Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom.

CENELEC
European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization
Comité Européen de Normalisation Electrotechnique
Europäisches Komitee für Elektrotechnische Normung

CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B - 1000 Brussels

© 2014 CENELEC - All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CENELEC members.
Ref. No. CLC/TR 50609:2014 E
Contents Page
Foreword . 7
0 Introduction . 8
0.1 The European HVDC Grid Study Group . 8
0.2 Technology . 9
0.2.1 Converters . 9
0.2.2 DC Circuit . 9
0.2.3 Technological Focus of the European HVDC Grid Study Group . 10
1 Scope . 12
2 Terminology and abbreviations . 12
2.1 General . 12
2.2 Terminology and abbreviations for HVDC Grid Systems used in this report . 12
2.3 Proposed Terminology by the Study Group . 13
3 Typical Applications of HVDC Grids . 14
3.1 The Development of HVDC Grid Systems. 14
3.2 Planning Criteria for Topologies . 15
3.2.1 General . 15
3.2.2 Power Transfer Requirements . 16
3.2.3 Reliability . 17
3.2.4 Losses . 19
3.2.5 Future Expansions. 21
3.3 Technical Requirements . 21
3.3.1 General . 21
3.3.2 Converter Functionality . 22

3 CLC/TR 50609:2014
3.3.3 Start/stop Behaviour of Individual Converter Stations . 23
3.3.4 Network Behaviour during Faults . 24
3.3.5 DC-AC Interface Requirements . 25
3.3.6 The Role of Communication . 26
3.4 Typical Applications – Relevant Topologies . 27
3.4.1 General . 27
3.4.2 Radial Topology . 27
3.4.3 Meshed Topology . 29
3.4.4 HVDC Grid Systems Connecting Offshore Wind Power Plants . 29
3.4.5 Connection of a wind power plant to an existing HVDC VSC link . 30
4 Principles of DC Load Flow. 31
4.1 General . 31
4.2 Structure of Load Flow Controls . 31
4.2.1 General . 31
4.2.2 Converter Station Controller . 31
4.2.3 HVDC Grid Controller . 32
4.3 Converter Station Control Functions . 34
4.3.1 General . 34
4.3.2 DC Voltage (U ) Stations . 34
DC
4.3.3 Active Power (P ) and Frequency (f) Controlling Stations . 34
DC
4.4 Paralleling Transmission Systems . 35
4.4.1 General . 35
4.4.2 Paralleling on AC and DC side . 35
4.4.3 Paralleling on the AC side . 35
4.4.4 Steady-State Loadflow in Hybrid AC/DC Networks . 36

4.5 Load Flow Control . 38
4.5.1 DC Voltage Operating Range . 38
4.5.2 Static and Dynamic System Stability . 39
4.5.3 Step response . 39
4.6 HVDC Grid Control Concepts . 40
4.6.1 General . 40
4.6.2 Voltage-Power Droop Together with Dead Band . 45
4.6.3 Voltage-Current Droop . 48
4.6.4 Voltage-Power Droop — Control of the HVDC Grid Voltage . 54
4.7 Benchmark Simulations of Control Concepts . 57
4.7.1 Case Study . 57
4.7.2 Results . 58
4.7.3 Conclusions . 60
4.7.4 Interoperability . 61
5 Short-Circuit Currents and Earthing . 61
5.1 General . 61
5.2 Calculation of Short-Circuit Currents in HVDC Grid Systems . 61
5.3 Network Topologies and their Influence on Short-Circuit Currents . 63
5.3.1 Influence of DC Network Structure . 63
5.3.2 Influence of Line Discharge . 66
5.3.3 Influence of Capacitors . 67
5.3.4 Contribution of Converter Stations. 69
5.3.5 Methods of Earthing . 72
5.4 Secondary Conditions for Calculating the Maximum/Minimum Short-Circuit Current . 73
5.5 Calculation of the Total Short-Circuit Current (Super Position Method) . 74

5 CLC/TR 50609:2014
5.6 Reduction of Short-Circuit Currents . 75
6 Principles of HVDC Grid Protection . 76
6.1 General . 76
6.2 HVDC Grid System . 77
6.3 AC/DC Converter . 78
6.3.1 General . 78
6.3.2 DC System . 79
6.3.3 HVDC Switchyard. 80
6.3.4 HVDC System without Fast Dynamic Isolation . 80
6.3.5 HVDC System with Fast Dynamic Isolation . 80
6.4 DC Protection . 81
6.4.1 General . 81
6.4.2 DC Converter Protections . 81
6.4.3 Protective Shut Down of a Converter . 83
6.4.4 DC System Protections . 84
6.4.5 DC Equipment Protections . 84
6.5 Clearance of Earth Faults . 84
6.5.1 Clearance of a DC Pole-to-Earth Fault . 84
6.5.2 Clearance of a Pole-to Pole Short Circuit . 85
6.5.3 Clearance of a Converter side AC Phase-to-Earth Fault . 85
7 Functional Specifications .
...