EN 61881-3:2012

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-december-2012
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Railway applications - Rolling stock equipment - Capacitors for power electronics - Part
3: Electric double-layer capacitors (IEC 61881-3:2012)
Bahnanwendungen - Betriebsmittel auf Bahnfahrzeugen - Kondensatoren für
Leistungselektronik - Teil 3: Doppelschichtkondensatoren (IEC 61881-3:2012)
Applications ferroviaires - Matériel roulant - Condensateurs pour électronique de
puissance - Partie 3: Condensateurs électriques à double couche (CEI 61881-3:2012)
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN 61881-3:2012
ICS:
31.060.70 0RþQRVWQLNRQGHQ]DWRUML Power capacitors
45.040 Materiali in deli za železniško Materials and components
tehniko for railway engineering
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

EUROPEAN STANDARD
EN 61881-3
NORME EUROPÉENNE
September 2012
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
ICS 45.060
English version
Railway applications -
Rolling stock equipment -
Capacitors for power electronics -
Part 3: Electric double-layer capacitors
(IEC 61881-3:2012)
Applications ferroviaires -  Bahnanwendungen -
Matériel roulant - Betriebsmittel auf Bahnfahrzeugen -
Condensateurs pour électronique de Kondensatoren für Leistungselektronik -
puissance - Teil 3: Doppelschichtkondensatoren
Partie 3: Condensateurs électriques à (IEC 61881-3:2012)
double couche
(CEI 61881-3:2012)
This European Standard was approved by CENELEC on 2012-09-12. CENELEC members are bound to comply
with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard
the status of a national standard without any alteration.

Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on
application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CENELEC member.

This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other
language made by translation under the responsibility of a CENELEC member into its own language and notified
to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versions.

CENELEC members are the national electrotechnical committees of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus,
the Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany,
Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, the Netherlands, Norway, Poland,
Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom.

CENELEC
European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization
Comité Européen de Normalisation Electrotechnique
Europäisches Komitee für Elektrotechnische Normung

Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B - 1000 Brussels

© 2012 CENELEC - All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CENELEC members.
Ref. No. EN 61881-3:2012 E
Foreword
The text of document 9/1680/FDIS, future edition 1 of IEC 61881-3, prepared by IEC/TC 9, "Electrical
equipment and systems for railways" was submitted to the IEC-CENELEC parallel vote and approved by
CENELEC as EN 61881-3:2012.
The following dates are fixed:
(dop) 2013-06-12
• latest date by which the document has
to be implemented at national level by
publication of an identical national
standard or by endorsement
(dow) 2015-09-12
• latest date by which the national
standards conflicting with the
document have to be withdrawn
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. CENELEC [and/or CEN] shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent
rights.
Endorsement notice
The text of the International Standard IEC 61881-3:2012 was approved by CENELEC as a European
Standard without any modification.
In the official version, for Bibliography, the following notes have to be added for the standards indicated:
IEC 60077-1:1999 NOTE  Harmonized as EN 60077-1:2002 (modified).
IEC 60077-2:1999 NOTE  Harmonized as EN 60077-2:2002 (modified).
IEC 60384-1:2008 NOTE  Harmonized as EN 60384-1:2009 (not modified).
IEC 60664-1:2007 NOTE  Harmonized as EN 60664-1:2007 (not modified).
IEC 61287-1:2005 NOTE  Harmonized as EN 61287-1:2006 (not modified).
IEC 61881-1:2010 NOTE  Harmonized as EN 61881-1:2011 (not modified).
IEC 61881-2 NOTE  Harmonized as EN 61881-2.

- 3 - EN 61881-3:2012
Annex ZA
(normative)
Normative references to international publications
with their corresponding European publications
The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are
indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated
references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.

NOTE  When an international publication has been modified by common modifications, indicated by (mod), the relevant EN/HD
applies.
Publication Year Title EN/HD Year

IEC 60068-1 1988 Environmental testing - EN 60068-1 1994
1)
+ corr. October 1988 Part 1: General and guidance - -
+ A1 1992
IEC 60068-2-14 2009 Environmental testing - EN 60068-2-14 2009
Part 2-14: Tests - Test N: Change of
temperature
IEC 60068-2-17 1994 Environmental testing - EN 60068-2-17 1994
Part 2: Tests - Test Q: Sealing

IEC 60068-2-20 - Environmental testing - EN 60068-2-20 -
Part 2-20: Tests - Test T: Test methods for
solderability and resistance to soldering heat
of devices with leads
IEC 60068-2-21 - Environmental testing - EN 60068-2-21 -
Part 2-21: Tests - Test U: Robustness of
terminations and integral mounting devices

IEC 60068-2-78 - Environmental testing - EN 60068-2-78 -
Part 2-78: Tests - Test Cab: Damp heat,
steady state
IEC 60571 1998 Electronic equipment used on rail vehicles - -
+A1 2006
IEC 60721-3-5 - Classification of environmental conditions - EN 60721-3-5 -
Part 3: Classification of groups of
environmental parameters and their severities
- Section 5: Ground vehicle installations

IEC 61373 2010 Railway applications - Rolling stock EN 61373 2010
+ corr. October 2011 equipment - Shock and vibration tests

IEC 62236-3-2 - Railway applications - Electromagnetic - -
compatibility -
Part 3-2: Rolling stock - Apparatus

IEC 62391-1 2006 Fixed electric double-layer capacitors for use EN 62391-1 2006
in electronic equipment -
Part 1: Generic specification
IEC 62391-2 2006 Fixed electric double-layer capacitors for use EN 62391-2 2006
in electronic equipment -
Part 2: Sectional specification - Electric
double-layer capacitors for power application

IEC 62497-1 - Railway applications - Insulation coordination -- -
Part 1: Basic requirements - Clearances and
creepage distances for all electrical and
electronic equipment
1)
EN 60068-1 includes A1 to IEC 60068-1+ corr. October .

Publication Year Title EN/HD Year
IEC 62498-1 2010 Railway applications - Environmental - -
+ corr. November 2010 conditions for equipment -
Part 1: Equipment on board rolling stock

IEC 62576 2009 Electric double-layer capacitors for use in EN 62576 2010
hybrid electric vehicles - Test methods for
electrical characteristics
IEC 61881-3 ®
Edition 1.0 2012-08
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
NORME
INTERNATIONALE
Railway applications – Rolling stock equipment – Capacitors for power

electronics –
Part 3: Electric double-layer capacitors

Applications ferroviaires – Matériel roulant – Condensateurs pour électronique

de puissance –
Partie 3: Condensateurs électriques à double couche

INTERNATIONAL
ELECTROTECHNICAL
COMMISSION
COMMISSION
ELECTROTECHNIQUE
PRICE CODE
INTERNATIONALE
CODE PRIX U
ICS 45.060 ISBN 978-2-83220-252-4

– 2 – 61881-3 © IEC:2012
CONTENTS
FOREWORD . 5
1 Scope . 7
2 Normative references . 7
3 Terms and definitions . 8
4 Service conditions . 10
4.1 Normal service conditions . 10
4.1.1 General . 10
4.1.2 Altitude . 11
4.1.3 Temperature . 11
4.2 Unusual service conditions . 11
5 Quality requirements and tests . 11
5.1 Test requirements . 11
5.1.1 General . 11
5.1.2 Test conditions . 11
5.1.3 Measurement conditions . 12
5.1.4 Voltage treatment . 12
5.1.5 Thermal treatment . 12
5.2 Classification of tests . 12
5.2.1 General . 12
5.2.2 Type tests . 13
5.2.3 Routine tests . 13
5.2.4 Acceptance tests . 13
5.3 Capacitance and internal resistance . 13
5.3.1 Measurement procedure for capacitance and internal resistance . 13
5.3.2 Calculation methods for capacitance and internal resistance . 14
5.3.3 Acceptance criteria of capacitance and internal resistance . 14
5.4 Leakage current and self-discharge . 15
5.4.1 Leakage current . 15
5.4.2 Self-discharge . 15
5.5 Insulation test between terminals and case . 15
5.5.1 Capacitor cell (If applicable (applicable to metal case with terminals)
and if required) . 15
5.5.2 Capacitor module or bank . 16
5.6 Sealing test . 17
5.7 Surge discharge test (under consideration) . 17
5.7.1 General . 17
5.7.2 Preconditioning. 17
5.7.3 Initial measurement . 17
5.7.4 Test method . 17
5.7.5 Post treatment . 17
5.7.6 Final measurement . 17
5.7.7 Acceptance criteria . 18
5.8 Environmental testing . 18
5.8.1 Change of temperature . 18
5.8.2 Damp heat, steady state . 18
5.9 Mechanical tests . 19

61881-3 © IEC:2012 – 3 –
5.9.1 Mechanical tests of terminals . 19
5.9.2 External inspection . 20
5.9.3 Vibration and shocks . 20
5.10 Endurance test . 20
5.10.1 General . 20
5.10.2 Preconditioning. 20
5.10.3 Initial measurements . 20
5.10.4 Test methods . 20
5.10.5 Post treatment . 21
5.10.6 Final measurement . 21
5.10.7 Acceptance criteria . 21
5.11 Endurance cycling test . 21
5.11.1 General . 21
5.11.2 Preconditioning. 21
5.11.3 Initial measurements . 21
5.11.4 Test method . 21
5.11.5 End of test criteria . 22
5.11.6 Post treatment . 22
5.11.7 Final measurement . 22
5.11.8 Acceptance criteria . 22
5.12 Pressure relief test . 22
5.13 Passive flammability . 22
5.14 EMC test . 23
6 Overloads . 23
7 Safety requirements . 23
7.1 Discharge device . 23
7.2 Case connections (grounding) . 23
7.3 Protection of the environment . 23
7.4 Other safety requirements . 24
8 Marking . 24
8.1 Marking of the capacitor . 24
8.1.1 Capacitor cell . 24
8.1.2 Capacitor module or bank . 24
8.2 Data sheet . 25
9 Guidance for installation and operation . 25
9.1 General . 25
9.2 Choice of rated voltage . 25
9.3 Operating temperature . 25
9.3.1 Life time of capacitor . 25
9.3.2 Installation . 26
9.3.3 Unusual cooling conditions . 26
9.4 Over voltages . 26
9.5 Overload currents . 26
9.6 Switching and protective devices . 26
9.7 Dimensioning of creepage distance and clearance . 26
9.8 Connections . 27
9.9 Parallel connections of capacitors . 27
9.10 Series connections of capacitors . 27

– 4 – 61881-3 © IEC:2012
9.11 Magnetic losses and eddy currents . 27
9.12 Guide for unprotected capacitors . 27
Annex A (informative) Terms and definitions of capacitors . 28
Bibliography . 29

Figure 1 – The voltage – time characteristics between capacitor terminals in
capacitance and internal resistance measurement . 14
Figure 2 – V block . 16
Figure A.1 – Example of capacitor application in capacitor equipment . 28

Table 1 – Classification of tests . 12
Table 2 – Damp heat steady-state test . 19
Table 3 – Testing the robustness of terminals . 20

61881-3 © IEC:2012 – 5 –
INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION
____________
RAILWAY APPLICATIONS –
ROLLING STOCK EQUIPMENT –
CAPACITORS FOR POWER ELECTRONICS –

Part 3: Electric double-layer capacitors

FOREWORD
1) The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is a worldwide organization for standardization comprising
all national electrotechnical committees (IEC National Committees). The object of IEC is to promote
international co-operation on all questions concerning standardization in the electrical and electronic fields. To
this end and in addition to other activities, IEC publishes International Standards, Technical Specifications,
Technical Reports, Publicly Available Specifications (PAS) and Guides (hereafter referred to as “IEC
Publication(s)”). Their preparation is entrusted to technical committees; any IEC National Committee interested
in the subject dealt with may participate in this preparatory work. International, governmental and non-
governmental organizations liaising with the IEC also participate in this preparation. IEC collaborates closely
with the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) in accordance with conditions determined by
agreement between the two organizations.
2) The formal decisions or agreements of IEC on technical matters express, as nearly as possible, an international
consensus of opinion on the relevant subjects since each technical committee has representation from all
interested IEC National Committees.
3) IEC Publications have the form of recommendations for international use and are accepted by IEC National
Committees in that sense. While all reasonable efforts are made to ensure that the technical content of IEC
Publications is accurate, IEC cannot be held responsible for the way in which they are used or for any
misinterpretation by any end user.
4) In order to promote international uniformity, IEC National Committees undertake to apply IEC Publications
transparently to the maximum extent possible in their national and regional publications. Any divergence
between any IEC Publication and the corresponding national or regional publication shall be clearly indicated in
the latter.
5) IEC itself does not provide any attestation of conformity. Independent certification bodies provide conformity
assessment services and, in some areas, access to IEC marks of conformity. IEC is not responsible for any
services carried out by independent certification bodies.
6) All users should ensure that they have the latest edition of this publication.
7) No liability shall attach to IEC or its directors, employees, servants or agents including individual experts and
members of its technical committees and IEC National Committees for any personal injury, property damage or
other damage of any nature whatsoever, whether direct or indirect, or for costs (including legal fees) and
expenses arising out of the publication, use of, or reliance upon, this IEC Publication or any other IEC
Publications.
8) Attention is drawn to the Normative references cited in this publication. Use of the referenced publications is
indispensable for the correct application of this publication.
9) Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this IEC Publication may be the subject of
patent rights. IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
International Standard IEC 61881-3 has been prepared by subcommittee 9: Electrical
equipment and systems for railways.
The text of this standard is based on the following documents:
FDIS Report on voting
9/1680/FDIS 9/1708/RVD
Full information on the voting for the approval of this standard can be found in the report on
voting indicated in the above table.
This publication has been drafted in accordance with the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
A list of all parts of IEC 61881 series, under the general title Railway applications – Rolling
stock equipment – Capacitors for power electronics, can be found on the IEC website.

– 6 – 61881-3 © IEC:2012
The committee has decided that the contents of this publication will remain unchanged until
the stability date indicated on the IEC web site under "http://webstore.iec.ch" in the data
related to the specific publication. At this date, the publication will be
• reconfirmed,
• withdrawn,
• replaced by a revised edition, or
• amended.
61881-3 © IEC:2012 – 7 –
RAILWAY APPLICATIONS –
ROLLING STOCK EQUIPMENT –
CAPACITORS FOR POWER ELECTRONICS –

Part 3: Electric double-layer capacitors

1 Scope
This part of IEC 61881 applies to d.c. electric double-layer capacitors (cell, module and bank)
for power electronics intended to be used on rolling stock.
This standard specifies quality requirements and tests, safety requirements, and describes
installation and operation information.
NOTE Example of the application for capacitors specified in this Standard; d.c. energy storage, etc.
Capacitors not covered by this Standard:
– IEC 61881-1: Paper/plastic film capacitors;
– IEC 61881-2: Aluminium electrolytic capacitors with non-solid electrolyte.
Guidance for installation and operation is given in Clause 9.
2 Normative references
The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and
are indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any
amendments) applies.
IEC 60068-1:1988, Environmental testing – Part 1: General and guidance
and Amendment 1:1992
IEC 60068-2-14:2009, Environmental testing – Part 2-14: Tests – Test N: Change of
temperature
IEC 60068-2-17:1994, Environmental testing – Part 2-17: Tests. Test Q: Sealing
IEC 60068-2-20, Environmental testing – Part 2-20: Tests – Test T: Test methods for
solderability and resistance to soldering heat of devices with leads
IEC 60068-2-21, Environmental testing – Part 2-21: Tests – Test U: Robustness of
terminations and integral mounting devices
IEC 60068-2-78, Environmental testing – Part 2-78: Tests – Test Cab: Damp heat, steady
state
IEC 60571:1998, Electronic equipment used on rail vehicles
and Amendment 1:2006
IEC 60721-3-5, Classification of environmental conditions – Part 3: Classification of groups of
environmental parameters and their severities – Section 5: Ground vehicle installations

– 8 – 61881-3 © IEC:2012
IEC 61373:2010, Railway applications – Rolling stock equipment – Shock and vibration tests
IEC 62236-3-2, Railway applications – Electromagnetic compatibility – Part 3-2: Rolling stock
– Apparatus
IEC 62391-1:2006, Fixed electric double-layer capacitors for use in electronic equipment –
Part 1: Generic specification
IEC 62391-2:2006, Fixed electric double-layer capacitors for use in electronic equipment –
Part 2: Sectional specification – Electric double-layer capacitors for power application
IEC 62497-1, Railway applications – Insulation coordination – Part 1: Basic requirements –
Clearances and creepage distances for all electrical and electronic equipment
IEC 62498-1:2010, Railway applications – Environmental conditions for equipment – Part 1:
Equipment on board rolling stock
IEC 62576:2009, Electric double-layer capacitors for use in hybrid electric vehicles – Test
methods for electrical characteristics
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
3.1
capacitor element
indivisible part of a capacitor consisting of two electrodes (typically made of carbon)
separated by an electrolyte impregnated separator
Note 1 to entry: In the literature this type of capacitor element is often called EDLC (Electric double layer
capacitor) element. An electric double-layer capacitor element utilizes the ability to accumulate electric charge in
an electric double layer which is formed at the boundary surface between an electrode material (electronic
conductor) and an electrolyte. This capacitor is essentially designed for operation with direct current voltage.
3.2
capacitor cell
one or more capacitor elements, packaged in the same enclosure with terminals brought out
SEE: Annex A
3.3
capacitor module
assembly of two or more capacitor cells, electrically connected to each other with or without
additional electronics
SEE: Annex A
3.4
capacitor bank
assembly of two or more capacitor modules
SEE: Annex A
3.5
capacitor
general term used when it is not necessary to state whether a reference is made to capacitor
cell, module or bank
[SOURCE: IEC 61881-1:2010, 3, modified]

61881-3 © IEC:2012 – 9 –
3.6
capacitor equipment
assembly of capacitor banks and their accessories intended for connection to a network
SEE: Annex A
3.7
capacitor for power electronics
capacitor intended to be used in power electronic equipment and capable of operating
continuously under sinusoidal and non-sinusoidal current and voltage
Note 1 to entry: Capacitor in this standard is d.c. capacitor.
3.8
pressure relief structure
mechanism to release internal pressure of capacitor cell when exceeding specified value
3.9
discharge device
device capable of reducing the voltage between the terminals practically to zero, within a
given time, after the capacitor has been disconnected from a network
3.10
rated voltage (d.c.) (U )
R
maximum d.c. voltage which may be applied continuously to a capacitor at any temperature
between the lower category temperature and the upper category temperature
[SOURCE: IEC 60384-1:2008, 2.2.16, modified]
Note 1 to entry: In typical traction application, the maximum voltage is the sum of the d.c. voltage and peak a.c.
voltage or peak pulse voltage applied to the capacitor.
3.11
insulation voltage (U )
i
r.m.s. value of the sine wave voltage designed for the insulation between terminals of
capacitors to case or earth. If not specified, r.m.s. value of the insulating voltage is equivalent
to the rated voltage divided by √2
3.12
maximum peak current (I )
P
maximum peak current that can occur during continuous operation
3.13
rated current (I )
R
r.m.s. value of the maximum allowable current at which the capacitor may be operated
continuously at a specified temperature
Note 1 to entry: The cooling conditions of the module should be defined by the manufacturer.
3.14
maximum surge current (I )
S
peak non-repetitive current induced by switching or any other disturbance of the system which
is allowed for a limited number of times
3.15
operating temperature
temperature of the hottest point on the case of the capacitor when in steady-state conditions
of temperature
SEE: 3.22
– 10 – 61881-3 © IEC:2012
3.16
ambient temperature
temperature of the air surrounding the non-heat dissipating capacitor or temperature of the air
in free air conditions at such a distance from the heat dissipating capacitor that the effect of
the dissipation is negligible
3.17
upper category temperature
highest ambient temperature including internal heating in which a capacitor is designed to
operate continuously
Note 1 to entry: Depending on the application the upper category temperature can be different. For traction
energy storage application the continuous operation is based on the rated current, for other applications like board
net stabilising it is based on the rated voltage.
3.18
lower category temperature
lowest ambient temperature including internal heating in which a capacitor is designed to
operate continuously
Note 1 to entry: Depending on the application the lower category temperature can be different. For traction
energy storage application the continuous operation is based on the rated current, for other applications like board
net stabilising it is based on the rated voltage.
3.19
case temperature rise (∆T )
case
difference between the temperature of the hottest point of the case and the temperature of the
cooling air under the steady-state conditions of temperature
3.20
cooling air temperature (T )
amb
temperature of the cooling air measured at the inlet, under the steady-state conditions of
temperature
3.21
maximum operating temperature (T )
max
highest temperature of the case at which the capacitor may be operated
Note 1 to entry: The operating temperature is different from upper category temperature.
3.22
steady-state conditions of temperature
thermal equilibrium attained by the capacitor at constant output and at constant coolant
temperature
3.23
internal resistance (R )
s
d.c resistance causing losses in a capacitor due to termination jointing, electrolyte, electrodes,
etc.
4 Service conditions
NOTE See IEC 60077-1.
4.1 Normal service conditions
4.1.1 General
This standard gives requirements for capacitors intended for use in the following conditions:

61881-3 © IEC:2012 – 11 –
4.1.2 Altitude
Not exceeding 1 400 m. See IEC 62498-1.
NOTE The effect of altitude on cooling air characteristics and insulation clearance should be taken into
consideration, if the altitude exceeds 1 400 m.
4.1.3 Temperature
The climatic ambient temperatures are derived from IEC 60721-3-5 class 5k2 which has a
range from –25 °C to 40 °C. Where ambient temperature lies outside this range, it shall be as
agreed between the purchaser and the manufacturer.
NOTE Classes of temperature are listed in IEC 62498-1:2010, Table 2.
4.2 Unusual service conditions
This standard does not apply to capacitors, whose service conditions are such as to be in
general incompatible with its requirements, unless otherwise agreed between the
manufacturer and the purchaser.
Unusual service conditions require additional measurements, which ensure that the conditions
of this standard are complied with even under these unusual service conditions.
If such unusual service conditions exist then they shall be notified to the manufacturer of the
capacitor.
Unusual service conditions can include:
– unusual mechanical shocks and vibrations;
– corrosive and abrasive particles in the cooling air;
– dust in the cooling air, particularly if conductive;
– explosive dust or gas;
– oil or water vapour or corrosive substances;
– nuclear radiation;
– unusual storage or transport temperature;
– unusual humidity (tropical or subtropical region);
– excessive and rapid changes of temperature (more than 5 K/h) or of humidity (more than
5 %/h);
– service areas higher than 1 400 m above sea level;
– superimposed electromagnetic fields;
– excessive over voltages, as far as they exceed the limits given in Clause 6 and 9.4;
– airtight (poor change of air) installations.
5 Quality requirements and tests
5.1 Test requirements
5.1.1 General
This subclause gives the tests and requirements for capacitors.
5.1.2 Test conditions
Unless otherwise specified, the test conditions for capacitors shall be as in IEC 60068-1:1988,
5.3.
– 12 – 61881-3 © IEC:2012
NOTE IEC 60068-1:1988, 5.3 specifies the following standard atmospheric conditions for measurements and tests.
Temperature: 15 °C to 35 °C
Relative humidity: 25 % to 75 %
Air pressure: 86 kPa to 106 kPa
5.1.3 Measurement conditions
The measurement conditions (i.e. capacitance, internal resistance, leakage current, etc.) for
the capacitor shall be as in IEC 60068-1:1988, 5.3 with following exception.
The temperature shall be 25 °C ± 2 °C.
5.1.4 Voltage treatment
The capacitor shall be charged up to U and be held for 30 min by means of a d.c. source.
R
Then the capacitor shall be discharged through a suitable discharge device.
5.1.5 Thermal treatment
The capacitor shall be placed in the environment at the temperature defined in 5.1.3 for a
suitable soak period for thermal equalization.
5.2 Classification of tests
5.2.1 General
The tests are classified as type tests, routine tests, and acceptance tests.
The type tests and the routine tests consist of the tests shown in Table 1.
Table 1 – Classification of tests
No. Tests Item Type tests Routine tests
Cell Module or bank Cell Module or bank
1A Capacitance 5.3 5.3 5.3 5.3
1B Internal resistance 5.3 5.3 5.3 5.3
2A Leakage current 5.4.1
  
a
2B Self-discharge 5.4.2 5.4.2  
a a
3 Insulation test between 5.5.1.1 5.5.2.1 5.5.1.2 5.5.2.2
terminals and case (if applicable and (if applicable)
required)
4 Sealing test 5.6
  
5 Surge discharge test 5.7 5.7
 
6 Change of temperature 5.8.1 5.8.1  
7 Damp heat, steady state 5.8.2 5.8.2  
(if applicable) (module only)
a
8 Mechanical tests of 5.9.1 5.9.1  
terminals (if applicable)
9 External inspection 5.9.2 5.9.2 5.9.2 5.9.2
10 Vibration and shocks 5.9.3 5.9.3
 
11 Endurance test 5.10   
b
12 Endurance cycling test 5.11 5.11
 
13 Pressure relief test 5.12
  
61881-3 © IEC:2012 – 13 –
No. Tests Item Type tests Routine tests
Cell Module or bank Cell Module or bank
14 Passive flammability 5.13
  
15 EMC test 5.14
  
a
This test may be substituted by capacitor module or bank test, when agreed between the manufacturer and the
purchaser.
b
This test may be substituted by capacitor cell test, when agreed between the manufacturer and the purchaser.

5.2.2 Type tests
Type tests are intended to prove the soundness and safety of the design of the capacitor and
its suitability for operation under the conditions detailed in this standard.
The type tests shall be carried out by the manufacturer, and the purchaser shall, on request,
be supplied with a certificate, detailing the results of such tests.
These tests shall be made upon capacitors which are designed identical to that of the
capacitors defined in the contract.
In agreement between the manufacturer and the purchaser, a capacitor of a similar design
can be used, when the same or more severe test conditions can be applied.
It is not essential that all type tests be carried out on the same capacitor sample. The choice
is left to the manufacturer.
5.2.3 Routine tests
The test sequence for quality requirements shall be as follows.
Routine tests shall be carried out by the manufacturer on every capacitor before delivery.
Upon request, the manufacturer shall deliver the capacitor with a certification detailing the
results of the tests.
5.2.4 Acceptance tests
All or a part of the type tests and the routine tests may be carried out by the manufacturer, on
agreement with the purchaser.
The number of samples that may be subjected to such repeat tests, the acceptance criteria,
as well as permission to deliver any of these capacitors shall be subject to the agreement
between the manufacturer and the purchaser, and shall be stated in the contract.
5.3 Capacitance and internal resistance
5.3.1 Measurement procedure for capacitance and internal resistance
The capacitance and internal resistance of the capacitor shall be measured in accordance
with IEC 62576:2009, 4.1.1 through 4.1.4 with following exceptions.
a) Unless otherwise specified, the capacitor preconditioning shall be carried out according to
5.1.4 and 5.1.5.
b) Unless otherwise specified, measurement temperature shall be 25 °C ± 2 °C (see 5.1.3).
c) Measuring for the voltage drop characteristics: down to 0,3 U
R.
The voltage–time characteristics between capacitor terminals during capacitance and internal
resistance measurement, is shown in Figure 1.

– 14 – 61881-3 © IEC:2012
U
R
∆U
U
∆U
U
Magnified figure
Time (s)
T
CV
IEC  1440/12
Key
U rated voltage (V)
R
U calculation start voltage (V)
U calculation end voltage (V)
∆U voltage drop (V)
T constant voltage charging duration (s)
CV
Figure 1 – The voltage–time characteristics between capacitor terminals in capacitance
and internal resistance measurement
5.3.2 Calculation methods for capacitance and internal resistance
a) The capacitance of the capacitor shall be calculated in accordance with IEC 62576:2009,
4.1.5 with the following exception.
W: measured discharged energy (J) from calculation start voltage (U = 0,9U ) to
1 R
calculation end voltage (U = 0,4U ).
2 R
b) The internal resistance of the capacitor shall be calculated in accordance with
IEC 62576:2009, 4.1.6 with the following exceptions.
∆U : Apply the straight-line approximation to the voltage drop characteristics from the
calculation start voltage (U = 0,9U ) to the calculation end voltage (U = 0,4U ) by using
1 R 2 R
the least squares method. Obtain the intercept (voltage value) of the straight line at the
discharge start time. ∆U is the difference of voltages (V) between the intercept voltage
value and the set value of constant voltage charging.
5.3.3 Acceptance criteria of capacitance and internal resistance
The capacitance of the capacitor shall be within the values as agreed between the
manufacturer and the purchaser.
The internal resistance of the capacitor shall not exceed the value as agreed between the
manufacturer and the purchaser.
Voltage (V)
61881-3 © IEC:2012 – 15 –
5.4 Leakage current and self-discharge
5.4.1 Leakage current
The leakage current of the capacitor shall be measured in accordance with IEC 62391-1:2006,
4.7.1 with the following exceptions.
a) Test temperature: 25 °C ± 2 °C
b) Electrification time: 24 h, 48 h or 72 h
The leakage current of the capacitor shall not exceed the value agreed between the
manufacturer and the purchaser.
5.4.2 Self-discharge
The self-discharge test for the capacitor shall be carried out in accordance with
IEC 62391-1:2006, 4.8 with following exceptions.
a) Test temperature: 25 °C ± 2 °C
b) Measurement time: 16 h, 24 h or 48 h
The measured voltage after test shall exceed the value as agreed between the manufacturer
and the purchaser.
5.5 Insulation test between terminals and case
5.5.1 Capacitor cell (If applicable (applicable to metal case with terminals) and if required)
5.5.1.1 Type test
The test voltage shall be applied between the two terminals connected together and non-
metallic case or insulated case. Unless otherwise agreed between the manufacturer and
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