EN 60086-1:2015

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-december-2015
1DGRPHãþD
SIST EN 60086-1:2011
Primarne baterije - 1. del: Splošno
Primary batteries - Part 1: General
Primärbatterien - Teil 1: Allgemeines
Piles électriques - Partie 1: Généralités
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN 60086-1:2015
ICS:
29.220.10 3ULPDUQLþOHQLLQEDWHULMH Primary cells and batteries
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

EUROPEAN STANDARD EN 60086-1
NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
October 2015
ICS 29.220.10 Supersedes EN 60086-1:2011
English Version
Primary batteries - Part 1: General
(IEC 60086-1:2015)
Piles électriques - Partie 1: Généralités  Primärbatterien - Teil 1: Allgemeines
(IEC 60086-1:2015) (IEC 60086-1:2015)
This European Standard was approved by CENELEC on 2015-09-01. CENELEC members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC
Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration.
Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC
Management Centre or to any CENELEC member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation
under the responsibility of a CENELEC member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the
same status as the official versions.
CENELEC members are the national electrotechnical committees of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, the Czech Republic,
Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia,
Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, the Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland,
Turkey and the United Kingdom.

European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization
Comité Européen de Normalisation Electrotechnique
Europäisches Komitee für Elektrotechnische Normung
CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels
© 2015 CENELEC All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CENELEC Members.
Ref. No. EN 60086-1:2015 E
European foreword
The text of document 35/1346/FDIS, future edition 12 of IEC 60086-1, prepared by IEC/TC 35
"Primary cells and batteries" was submitted to the IEC-CENELEC parallel vote and approved by
CENELEC as EN 60086-1:2015.
The following dates are fixed:
(dop) 2016-06-01
• latest date by which the document has to be implemented at
national level by publication of an identical national
standard or by endorsement
(dow) 2018-09-01
• latest date by which the national standards conflicting with
the document have to be withdrawn

This document supersedes EN 60086-1:2011.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. CENELEC [and/or CEN] shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such
patent rights.
Endorsement notice
The text of the International Standard IEC 60086-1:2015 was approved by CENELEC as a European
Standard without any modification.
In the official version, for Bibliography, the following note has to be added for the standard indicated :
IEC 62281 NOTE Harmonized as EN 62281.
Annex ZA
(normative)
Normative references to international publications
with their corresponding European publications
The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are
indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated
references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
NOTE 1 When an International Publication has been modified by common modifications, indicated by (mod),
the relevant EN/HD applies.
NOTE 2 Up-to-date information on the latest versions of the European Standards listed in this annex is
available here: www.cenelec.eu.

Publication Year Title EN/HD Year
1) 1)
IEC 60086-2  Primary batteries - FprEN 60086-2 2015
Part 2: Physical and electrical
specifications
IEC 60086-3 2011 Primary batteries - EN 60086-3 2011
Part 3: Watch batteries
IEC 60086-4 2014 Primary batteries - EN 60086-4 2015
Part 4: Safety of lithium batteries
IEC 60086-5 2011 Primary batteries - EN 60086-5 2011
Part 5: Safety of batteries with aqueous
electrolyte
1) At draft stage.
IEC 60086-1 ®
Edition 12.0 2015-07
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
Primary batteries –
Part 1: General
INTERNATIONAL
ELECTROTECHNICAL
COMMISSION
ICS 29.220.10 ISBN 978-2-8322-2813-5

– 2 – IEC 60086-1:2015 © IEC 2015
CONTENTS
FOREWORD . 5
INTRODUCTION . 7
1 Scope . 8
2 Normative references . 8
3 Terms and definitions . 8
4 Requirements . 11
4.1 General . 11
4.1.1 Design . 11
4.1.2 Battery dimensions . 11
4.1.3 Terminals . 11
4.1.4 Classification (electrochemical system) . 13
4.1.5 Designation . 14
4.1.6 Marking . 14
4.1.7 Interchangeability: battery voltage . 15
4.2 Performance . 16
4.2.1 Discharge performance . 16
4.2.2 Dimensional stability . 16
4.2.3 Leakage . 16
4.2.4 Open-circuit voltage limits . 16
4.2.5 Service output . 16
4.2.6 Safety . 16
5 Performance – Testing . 17
5.1 General . 17
5.2 Discharge testing . 17
5.2.1 General . 17
5.2.2 Application tests . 17
5.2.3 Service output tests . 18
5.3 Conformance check to a specified minimum average duration . 18
5.4 Calculation method of the specified value of a minimum average duration . 19
5.5 OCV testing . 19
5.6 Battery dimensions . 19
5.7 Leakage and deformation . 19
6 Performance – Test conditions . 19
6.1 Storage and discharge conditions . 19
6.2 Commencement of discharge tests after storage . 20
6.3 Discharge test conditions . 20
6.3.1 General . 20
6.3.2 Compliance . 20
6.4 Load resistance . 20
6.5 Time periods . 20
6.6 Test condition tolerances . 21
6.7 Activation of ‘P’-system batteries . 21
6.8 Measuring equipment . 21
6.8.1 Voltage measurement . 21
6.8.2 Mechanical measurement . 21
7 Sampling and quality assurance . 21

IEC 60086-1:2015 © IEC 2015 – 3 –
8 Battery packaging . 21
Annex A (normative) Criteria for the standardization of batteries . 22
Annex B (informative) Recommendations for equipment design . 23
B.1 Technical liaison . 23
B.2 Battery compartment . 23
B.2.1 General . 23
B.2.2 Limiting access by children . 24
B.3 Voltage cut-off . 24
Annex C (normative) Designation system (nomenclature) . 25
C.1 General . 25
C.2 Designation system in use up to October 1990. 25
C.2.1 General . 25
C.2.2 Cells . 25
C.2.3 Electrochemical system . 27
C.2.4 Batteries . 28
C.2.5 Modifiers . 28
C.2.6 Examples. 28
C.3 Designation system in use since October 1990 . 28
C.3.1 General . 28
C.3.2 Round batteries . 28
C.3.3 Non-round batteries . 32
C.3.4 Ambiguity . 35
Annex D (informative) Standard discharge voltage U – Definition and method of
s
determination . 37
D.1 Definition . 37
D.2 Determination . 37
D.2.1 General considerations: the C/R-plot . 37
D.2.2 Determination of the standard discharge resistor R . 38
s
D.2.3 Determination of the standard discharge capacity C and standard
s
discharge time t . 39
s
D.3 Experimental conditions to be observed and test results . 39
Annex E (informative) Preparation of standard methods of measuring performance
(SMMP) of consumer goods . 41
E.1 General . 41
E.2 Performance characteristics . 41
E.3 Criteria for the development of test methods . 41
Annex F (informative) Calculation method for the specified value of minimum average
duration . 42
Annex G (normative) Code of practice for packaging, shipment, storage, use and

disposal of primary batteries . 43
G.1 General . 43
G.2 Packaging . 43
G.3 Transport and handling . 43
G.4 Storage and stock rotation . 43
G.5 Displays at sales points . 44
G.6 Selection, use and disposal . 44
G.6.1 Purchase . 44
G.6.2 Installation . 44
G.6.3 Use . 44

– 4 – IEC 60086-1:2015 © IEC 2015
G.6.4 Replacement . 45
G.6.5 Disposal . 45
Bibliography . 46

Figure 1 – Ingestion gauge . 11
Figure C.1 – Designation system for round batteries: d < 100 mm; height h < 100 mm . 29
1 1
Figure C.2 – Diameter code for non-recommended diameters . 30
Figure C.3 – Height code for denoting the hundredths of a millimetre of height . 31
Figure C.4 – Designation system for round batteries: d ≥ 100 mm; height h ≥ 100 mm . 32
1 1
Figure C.5 – Designation system for non-round batteries, dimensions < 100 mm . 33
Figure C.6 – Designation system for non-round batteries, dimensions ≥ 100 mm . 34
Figure C.7 – Height code for discrimination per tenth of a millimetre . 35
Figure D.1 – Normalized C/R-plot (schematic) . 38
Figure D.2 – Standard discharge voltage (schematic) . 39

Table 1 – Standardized electrochemical systems . 13
Table 2 – Marking requirements . 15
Table 3 – Conditions for storage before and during discharge testing . 19
Table 4 – Resistive loads for new tests . 20
Table 5 – Time periods for new tests . 20
Table 6 – Test condition tolerances . 21
Table A.1 – Items necessary to standardize . 22
Table C.1 – Physical designation and dimensions of round cells and batteries . 26
Table C.2 – Physical designation and nominal overall dimensions of flat cells . 27
Table C.3 – Physical designation and dimensions of square cells and batteries . 27
Table C.4 – Diameter code for recommended diameter . 30
Table C.5 – Physical designation and dimensions of round cells and batteries based on
Clause C.2 . 36
Table C.6 – Physical designation and dimensions of non-round batteries based on
Clause C.2 . 36
Table D.1 – Standard discharge voltage by system . 40

IEC 60086-1:2015 © IEC 2015 – 5 –
INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION
____________
PRIMARY BATTERIES –
Part 1: General
FOREWORD
1) The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is a worldwide organization for standardization comprising
all national electrotechnical committees (IEC National Committees). The object of IEC is to promote
international co-operation on all questions concerning standardization in the electrical and electronic fields. To
this end and in addition to other activities, IEC publishes International Standards, Technical Specifications,
Technical Reports, Publicly Available Specifications (PAS) and Guides (hereafter referred to as “IEC
Publication(s)”). Their preparation is entrusted to technical committees; any IEC National Committee interested
in the subject dealt with may participate in this preparatory work. International, governmental and non-
governmental organizations liaising with the IEC also participate in this preparation. IEC collaborates closely
with the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) in accordance with conditions determined by
agreement between the two organizations.
2) The formal decisions or agreements of IEC on technical matters express, as nearly as possible, an international
consensus of opinion on the relevant subjects since each technical committee has representation from all
interested IEC National Committees.
3) IEC Publications have the form of recommendations for international use and are accepted by IEC National
Committees in that sense. While all reasonable efforts are made to ensure that the technical content of IEC
Publications is accurate, IEC cannot be held responsible for the way in which they are used or for any
misinterpretation by any end user.
4) In order to promote international uniformity, IEC National Committees undertake to apply IEC Publications
transparently to the maximum extent possible in their national and regional publications. Any divergence
between any IEC Publication and the corresponding national or regional publication shall be clearly indicated in
the latter.
5) IEC itself does not provide any attestation of conformity. Independent certification bodies provide conformity
assessment services and, in some areas, access to IEC marks of conformity. IEC is not responsible for any
services carried out by independent certification bodies.
6) All users should ensure that they have the latest edition of this publication.
7) No liability shall attach to IEC or its directors, employees, servants or agents including individual experts and
members of its technical committees and IEC National Committees for any personal injury, property damage or
other damage of any nature whatsoever, whether direct or indirect, or for costs (including legal fees) and
expenses arising out of the publication, use of, or reliance upon, this IEC Publication or any other IEC
Publications.
8) Attention is drawn to the Normative references cited in this publication. Use of the referenced publications is
indispensable for the correct application of this publication.
9) Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this IEC Publication may be the subject of
patent rights. IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
International Standard IEC 60086-1 has been prepared by IEC technical committee 35:
Primary cells and batteries.
This twelfth edition cancels and replaces the eleventh edition (2011) and constitutes a
technical revision.
The major technical changes with respect to the previous edition are:
– the order of the Annexes was changed to the order in which they appear in the document
and a caption was added to indicate where the Annex information first appears in the
document;
– the humidity conditions for non P-system batteries in Table 3 was modified;
– the standard discharge voltage for the Y and W chemistries was determined to be at 3,5 V
and 2,8 V respectively;
– details on capacity measurement were moved from Annex E to Subclause 5.1.

– 6 – IEC 60086-1:2015 © IEC 2015
– the coin/button cell and battery definition was clarified in order to better address issues
with the swallowing of coin cells.
The text of this standard is based on the following documents:
FDIS Report on voting
35/1346/FDIS 35/1349/RVD
Full information on the voting for the approval of this standard can be found in the report on
voting indicated in the above table.
This publication has been drafted in accordance with the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
A list of all parts in the IEC 60086 series, under the general title Primary batteries, can be
found on the IEC website.
The committee has decided that the contents of this publication will remain unchanged until
the stability date indicated on the IEC website under "http://webstore.iec.ch" in the data
related to the specific publication. At this date, the publication will be
• reconfirmed,
• withdrawn,
• replaced by a revised edition, or
• amended.
A bilingual version of this publication may be issued at a later date.

IEC 60086-1:2015 © IEC 2015 – 7 –
INTRODUCTION
The technical content of this part of IEC 60086 provides fundamental requirements and
information on primary cells and batteries. All batteries within the IEC 60086 series are
considered dry cell batteries. In this sense, IEC 60086-1 is the main component of the
IEC 60086 series and forms the basis for the subsequent parts. For example, this part
includes elementary information on definitions, nomenclature, dimensions and marking. While
specific requirements are included, the content of this part tends to explain methodology (how)
and justification (why).
Over the years, this part has been changed to improve its content and remains under
continual scrutiny to ensure that the publication is kept up to date with the advances in both
battery and battery-powered device technologies.
NOTE Safety information is available in IEC 60086-4, IEC 60086-5 and IEC 62281.

– 8 – IEC 60086-1:2015 © IEC 2015
PRIMARY BATTERIES –
Part 1: General
1 Scope
This part of IEC 60086 is intended to standardize primary batteries with respect to dimensions,
nomenclature, terminal configurations, markings, test methods, typical performance, safety
and environmental aspects.
As a primary battery classification tool, electrochemical systems are also standardized with
respect to system letter, electrodes, electrolyte, nominal and maximum open circuit voltage.
NOTE The requirements justifying the inclusion or the ongoing retention of batteries in the IEC 60086 series are
given in Annex A.
The object of this part of IEC 60086 is to benefit primary battery users, device designers and
battery manufacturers by ensuring that batteries from different manufacturers are
interchangeable according to standard form, fit and function. Furthermore, to ensure
compliance with the above, this part specifies standard test methods for testing primary cells
and batteries.
2 Normative references
The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and
are indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any
amendments) applies.
IEC 60086-2:− , Primary batteries – Part 2: Physical and electrical specifications
IEC 60086-3:2011, Primary batteries – Part 3: Watch batteries
IEC 60086-4:2014, Primary batteries – Part 4: Safety of lithium batteries
IEC 60086-5:2011, Primary batteries – Part 5: Safety of batteries with aqueous electrolyte
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
3.1
application test
simulation of the actual use of a battery in a specific application
3.2
battery
one or more cells electrically connected and fitted in a case, with terminals, markings and
protective devices etc., as necessary for use
_____________
To be published.
IEC 60086-1:2015 © IEC 2015 – 9 –
[SOURCE:IEC 60050-482:2004, 482-01-04, modified definition]
3.3
button (cell or battery)
small round cell or battery where the overall height is less than the diameter
Note 1 to entry: In English, the term “button (cell or battery)” is only used for non-lithium batteries while the term
“coin (cell or battery)” is used for lithium batteries only. In languages other than English, the terms “coin” and
“button” are often used interchangeably, regardless of the electrochemical system.
3.4
cell
basic functional unit, consisting of an assembly of electrodes, electrolyte, container, terminals
and usually separators, that is a source of electric energy obtained by direct conversion of
chemical energy
[SOURCE:IEC 60050-482:2004, 482-01-01]
3.5
closed-circuit voltage
CCV (abbreviation)
voltage across the terminals of a battery when it is on discharge
[SOURCE:IEC 60050-482:2004, 482-03-28, modified ("voltage between the terminals of a cell
or battery" replaced by "voltage across the terminals of a battery")]
3.6
coin (cell or battery)
see button (cell or battery)
3.7
cylindrical (cell or battery)
round cell or battery in which the overall height is equal to or greater than the diameter
[SOURCE:IEC 60050-482: 2004, 482-02-39, modified ("cell with a cylindrical shape" replaced
by "round cell or battery")]
3.8
discharge (of a primary battery)
operation during which a battery delivers current to an external circuit
3.9
dry (primary) battery
primary battery in which the liquid electrolyte is essentially immobilized
[SOURCE:IEC 60050-482:2004, 482-04-14, modified]
3.10
effective internal resistance – DC method
the internal d.c. resistance of any electrochemical cell is defined by the following relation:
∆U (V)
R (Ω) =
i
∆i (A)
– 10 – IEC 60086-1:2015 © IEC 2015
3.11
end-point voltage
EV (abbreviation)
specified voltage of a battery at which the battery discharge is terminated
[SOURCE:IEC 60050-482:2004, 482-03-30]
3.12
leakage
unplanned escape of electrolyte, gas or other material from a cell or battery
[SOURCE:IEC 60050-482:2004, 482-02-32]
3.13
minimum average duration
MAD (abbreviation)
minimum average time on discharge which is met by a sample of batteries
Note 1 to entry: The discharge test is carried out according to the specified methods or standards and designed
to show conformity with the standard applicable to the battery types.
3.14
nominal voltage (of a primary battery)
V (symbol)
n
suitable approximate value of the voltage used to designate or identify a cell, a battery or an
electrochemical system
[SOURCE:IEC 60050-482:2004, 482-03-31, modified (addition of "(of a primary battery)" and
symbol V )]
n
3.15
open-circuit voltage
OCV (abbreviation)
voltage across the terminals of a cell or battery when it is off discharge
3.16
primary (cell or battery)
cell or battery that is not designed to be electrically recharged
3.17
round (cell or battery)
cell or battery with circular cross section
3.18
service output (of a primary battery)
service life, or capacity, or energy output of a battery under specified conditions of discharge
3.19
service output test
test designed to measure the service output of a battery
Note 1 to entry: A service output test may be prescribed, for example, when
a) an application test is too complex to replicate;
b) the duration of an application test would make it impractical for routine testing purposes.
3.20
small battery
cell or battery fitting entirely within the limits of the truncated cylinder as defined in Figure 1

IEC 60086-1:2015 © IEC 2015 – 11 –
Inner dimensions in millimetres (mm)
+0,1
∅ 31,7  0
IEC
Figure 1 – Ingestion gauge
3.21
storage life
duration under specified conditions at the end of which a battery retains its ability to perform a
specified service output
[SOURCE:IEC 60050-482:2004, 482-03-47, modified ("function" replaced by "service output")]
3.22
terminals (of a primary battery)
conductive parts of a battery that provide connection to an external circuit
4 Requirements
4.1 General
4.1.1 Design
Primary batteries are sold mainly in consumer markets. In recent years, they have become
more sophisticated in both chemistry and construction, for example both capacity and rate
capability have increased to meet the growing demands from new, battery-powered equipment
technology.
When designing primary batteries, the aforementioned considerations shall be taken into
account. Specifically, their dimensional conformity and stability, their physical and electrical
performance and their safe operation under normal use and foreseeable mis-use conditions
shall be assured.
Additional information on equipment design can be found in Annex B.
4.1.2 Battery dimensions
The dimensions for individual types of batteries are given in IEC 60086-2 and IEC 60086-3.
4.1.3 Terminals
4.1.3.1 General
Terminals shall be in accordance with Clause 6 of IEC 60086-2:−.
+0,1
25,4  0
+0,1
57,1  0
– 12 – IEC 60086-1:2015 © IEC 2015
Their physical shape shall be designed in such a way that they ensure that the batteries make
and maintain good electrical contact at all times.
They shall be made of materials that provide good electrical conductivity and resistance to
corrosion.
4.1.3.2 Contact pressure resistance
Where stated in the battery specification tables or the individual specification sheets in
IEC 60086-2, the following applies:
– a force of 10 N applied through a steel ball of 1 mm diameter at the centre of each contact
area for a period of 10 s shall not cause any apparent deformation which might prevent
satisfactory operation of the battery.
NOTE See also IEC 60086-3 for exceptions.
4.1.3.3 Cap and base
This type of terminal is used for batteries which have their dimensions specified according to
Figures 1 to 7 of IEC 60086-2:− and which have the cylindrical side of the battery insulated
from the terminals.
4.1.3.4 Cap and case
This type of terminal is used for batteries which have their dimensions specified according to
Figures 8, 9, 10, 14, 15 and 16 of IEC 60086-2:−, but in which the cylindrical side of the
battery forms part of the positive terminal.
4.1.3.5 Screw terminals
This contact consists of a threaded rod in combination with either a metal or insulated metal
nut.
4.1.3.6 Flat contacts
These are essentially flat metal surfaces adapted to make electrical contact by suitable
contact mechanisms bearing against them.
4.1.3.7 Flat or spiral springs
These contacts comprise flat metal strips or spirally wound wires which are in a form that
provides pressure contact.
4.1.3.8 Plug-in-sockets
These are made up of a suitable assembly of metal contacts, mounted in an insulated housing
or holding device and adapted to receive corresponding pins of a mating plug.
4.1.3.9 Snap fasteners
4.1.3.9.1 General
These contacts are composed of a combination comprising a stud (non-resilient) for the
positive terminal and a socket (resilient) for the negative terminal.
They shall be of suitable metal so as to provide efficient electrical connection when joined to
the corresponding parts of an external circuit.

IEC 60086-1:2015 © IEC 2015 – 13 –
4.1.3.9.2 Snap fastener
This type of terminal consists of a stud for the positive terminal and a socket for the negative
terminal. These shall be made from nickel plated steel or other suitable material. They shall
be designed to provide a secure physical and electrical connection, when fitted with similar
corresponding parts for connection to an electrical circuit.
4.1.3.10 Wire
Wire leads may be single or multi-strand flexible insulated tinned copper. The positive
terminal wire covering shall be red and the negative black.
4.1.3.11 Other spring contacts or clips
These contacts are generally used on batteries when the corresponding parts of the external
circuit are not precisely known. They shall be of spring brass or of other material having
similar properties.
4.1.4 Classification (electrochemical system)
Primary batteries are classified according to their electrochemical system.
Each system, with the exception of the zinc-ammonium chloride, zinc chloride-manganese
dioxide system, has been allocated a letter denoting the particular system.
The electrochemical systems that have been standardized up to now are given in Table 1.
Table 1 – Standardized electrochemical systems
Nominal Maximum
Negative voltage open circuit
Letter Electrolyte Positive electrode
electrode voltage
V V
No letter Zinc (Zn) Ammonium chloride, Manganese dioxide (MnO ) 1,5 1,73
Zinc chloride
A Zinc (Zn) Ammonium chloride, Oxygen (O ) 1,4 1,55
Zinc chloride
B Lithium (Li) Organic electrolyte Carbon monofluoride (CF) 3,0 3,7
x
C Lithium (Li) Organic electrolyte Manganese dioxide (MnO ) 3,0 3,7
E Lithium (Li) Non-aqueous Thionyl chloride (SOCl ) 3,6 3,9
inorganic
F Lithium (Li) Organic electrolyte Iron disulfide (FeS ) 1,5 1,83
G Lithium (Li) Organic electrolyte Copper (II) oxide (CuO) 1,5 2,3
L Zinc (Zn) Alkali metal hydroxide Manganese dioxide (MnO ) 1,5 1,68
P Zinc (Zn) Alkali metal hydroxide Oxygen (O ) 1,4 1,59
S Zinc (Zn) Alkali metal hydroxide Silver oxide (Ag O) 1,55 1,63
W Lithium (Li) Organic electrolyte Sulphur dioxide (SO ) 3,0 3,05
Y Lithium (Li) Non-aqueous Sulfuryl chloride (SO Cl ) 3,9 4,1
2 2
inorganic
Z Zinc (Zn) Alkali metal hydroxide Nickel oxyhydroxide (NiOOH) 1,5 1,78
NOTE 1 The value of the nominal voltage is not verifiable; therefore it is only given as a reference.
NOTE 2 The maximum open-circuit voltage (3.15) is measured as defined in 5.5 and 6.8.1.
NOTE 3 When referring to an electrochemical system, common protocol is to list negative electrode first,
followed by positive electrode, i.e. lithium-iron disulfide.

– 14 – IEC 60086-1:2015 © IEC 2015
4.1.5 Designation
The designation of primary batteries is based on their physical parameters, their
electrochemical system as well as modifiers, if needed.
A comprehensive explanation of the designation system (nomenclature) can be found in
Annex C.
4.1.6 Marking
4.1.6.1 General (see Table 2)
With the exception of small batteries (see 4.1.6.2), each battery shall be marked with the
following information:
a) designation, IEC or common;
b) expiration of a recommended usage period or year and month or week of manufacture.
The year and month or week of manufacture may be in code;
c) polarity of the positive (+) terminal;
d) nominal voltage;
e) name or trade mark of the manufacturer or supplier;
f) cautionary advice.
NOTE Examples of the common designations can be found in Annex D of IEC 60086-2:−.
4.1.6.2 Marking of small batteries (see Table 2)
a) Batteries designated in the IEC as small, mainly category 3 and category 4 batteries have
a surface too small to accommodate all markings shown in 4.1.6.1. For these batteries the
designation 4.1.6.1a) and the polarity 4.1.6.1c) shall be marked on the battery. All other
markings shown in 4.1.6.1 may be given on the immediate packing instead of on the
battery.
b) For P-system batteries, 4.1.6.1a) may be on the battery, the sealing tab or the
package.4.1.6.1c) may be marked on the sealing tab and/or on the battery. 4.1.6.1b),
4.1.6.1d) and 4.1.6.1e) may be given on the immediate packing instead of on the battery.
c) Caution for ingestion of swallowable batteries shall be given. Refer to IEC 60086-4:2014
(7.2 a) and 9.2) and IEC 60086-5:2011 (7.1 l) and 9.2) for details.

IEC 60086-1:2015 © IEC 2015 – 15 –
Table 2 – Marking requirements

Small batteries
Batteries with
Marking the exception of
P-system
small batteries
batteries
a) Designation, IEC or common A A C
b) Expiration of a recommended usage period or
year and month or week of manufacture. The
A B B
year and month or week of manufacture may
be in code
c) Polarity of the positive (+) terminal A A D
d) Nominal voltage A B B
e) Name or trade mark of the manufacturer or
A B B
supplier
a a
f) Cautionary advice A B B
A: shall be marked on the battery
B: may be marked on the immediate packing instead on the battery
C: may be marked on the battery, the sealing tab or the immediate packing
D: may be marked on the sealing tab and/or on the battery
a
Caution for ingestion of swallowable batteries shall be given. Refer to IEC 60086-4:2014 (7.2a) and 9.2) and
IEC 60086-5:2011 (7.1l) and 9.2) for details.

4.1.6.3 Marking of batteries regarding method of disposal
Marking of batteries with respect to the method of disposal shall be in accordance with local
legal requirements.
4.1.7 Interchangeability: battery voltage
Primary batteries as presently standardized in the IEC 60086 series can be categorized by
their standard discharge voltage U . For a new battery system, its interchangeability by
s
voltage is assessed for compliance with the following formula:
n × 0,85 U ≤ m × U ≤ n × 1,15 U

r s r
where
n is the number of cells connected in series, based on reference voltage U ;
r
m is the number of cells connected in series, based on standard discharge voltage U .
s
Currently, two voltage ranges that conform to the above formula have been identified. They
are identified by reference voltage U , which is the midpoint of the relevant voltage range.
r
Voltage range 1, U = 1,4 V: Batteries having a standard discharge voltage m × U equal to or
s
r
within the range of n × 1,19 V to n × 1,61 V.
Voltage range 2, U = 3,2 V: Batteries having a standard discharge voltage m × U equal to or
s
r
within the range of n × 2,72 V to n × 3,68 V.
The term standard discharge voltage and related quantities, as well as the methods of their
determination, are given in Annex D.
_____________
The standard discharge voltage U was introduced to comply with the principle of experimental verifiability.

s
Neither the nominal voltage nor the maximum off-load voltage complies with this requirement.

– 16 – IEC 60086-1:2015 © IEC 2015
NOTE For single-cell batteries and for multi-cell batteries assembled with cells of the same voltage range, m and
n will be identical; m and n will be different for multi-cell batteries if assembled with cells from a different voltage
range than those of an already standardized battery.
Voltage range 1 encompasses all presently standardized batteries with a nominal voltage of
1,5 V, i.e. "no-letter" system, systems A, F, G, L, P, S and Z.
Voltage range 2 encompasses all presently standardized batteries with a nominal voltage of 3
V, i.e. systems B, C, E, W and Y.
Because batteries from voltage range 1 and voltage range 2 show significantly different
discharge voltages, they shall be designed to be physically non-interchangeable. Before
standardizing a new electrochemical system, its standard discharge voltage shall be
determined in accordance with the procedure given in Annex D to resolve its
interchangeability by voltage.
WARNING Failure to comply with this requirement can present safety hazards to the use
...