EN 12416-1:2024

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-september-2024
Vgrajeni gasilni sistemi - Sistemi s praškom - 1. del: Zahteve in preskusne metode
za sestavne dele
Fixed firefighting systems - Powder systems - Part 1: Requirements and test methods for
components
Ortsfeste Brandbekämpfungsanlagen - Pulverlöschanlagen - Teil 1: Anforderungen und
Prüfverfahren für Bauteile
Installations fixes de lutte contre l'incendie - Systèmes d'extinction à poudre - Partie 1:
Exigences et méthodes d'essais des éléments constitutifs
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN 12416-1:2024
ICS:
13.220.10 Gašenje požara Fire-fighting
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

EN 12416-1
EUROPEAN STANDARD
NORME EUROPÉENNE
July 2024
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
ICS 13.220.20 Supersedes EN 12416-1:2001+A2:2007
English Version
Fixed firefighting systems - Powder systems - Part 1:
Requirements and test methods for components
Installations fixes de lutte contre l'incendie - Systèmes Ortsfeste Brandbekämpfungsanlagen -
d'extinction à poudre - Partie 1 : Exigences et Pulverlöschanlagen - Teil 1: Anforderungen und
méthodes d'essai des éléments constitutifs Prüfverfahren für Bauteile
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 24 June 2024.

CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this
European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references
concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN
member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by
translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management
Centre has the same status as the official versions.

CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway,
Poland, Portugal, Republic of North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Türkiye and
United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION

EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG

CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Rue de la Science 23, B-1040 Brussels
© 2024 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN 12416-1:2024 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.

Contents Page
European foreword . 5
Introduction . 7
1 Scope . 8
2 Normative references . 8
3 Terms and definitions . 9
4 General requirements for components . 11
4.1 Working temperature range . 11
4.2 General test facilities . 11
4.3 Stress corrosion test . 12
5 Powder container . 12
5.1 Capacity. 12
5.2 Design . 12
5.3 Maximum working pressure . 12
5.4 Colour . 12
5.5 Container components . 12
5.5.1 Powder filling opening . 12
5.5.2 Drain connection . 12
5.5.3 Pressure relief device . 12
5.5.4 Connection for the expellant gas tube . 12
5.5.5 Powder diptube . 13
6 Expellant gas container assembly . 13
6.1 Expellant gas containers . 13
6.2 Expellant gas valves . 13
6.3 Actuators for expellant gas valves . 13
6.4 Manifolds . 13
6.5 Flexible connectors and non-return valve . 13
7 Pressure gauges . 14
8 Pressure regulators . 14
8.1 General . 14
8.2 Material . 14
8.3 Corrosion resistance . 14
8.4 Resistance to internal pressure . 14
8.5 Flow . 14
9 Actuators . 15
9.1 General . 15
9.1.1 Design . 15
9.1.2 Materials . 15
9.1.3 Vibration resistance . 15
9.1.4 Temperature resistance . 15
9.1.5 Operational reliability . 15
9.1.6 Corrosion resistance . 15
9.1.7 Operating force . 15
9.1.8 Electric switch and monitoring equipment . 15
9.2 Solenoid operated type actuators . 15
9.3 Pneumatic powered actuators . 16
9.4 Mechanical operated actuators . 16
9.5 Pyrotechnic actuators . 16
9.6 Manually released actuators . 16
9.7 Use in combination . 17
10 Main isolating valve and selector valve . 17
10.1 General . 17
10.2 Material . 17
10.3 Temperature resistance . 17
10.4 Resistance to pressure . 17
10.5 Flow characteristics . 17
10.6 Corrosion resistance . 17
10.7 Vibration resistance . 17
10.8 Operating force . 17
11 Nozzles . 18
11.1 Material . 18
11.2 Resistance to pressure . 18
11.3 Resistance to heat . 18
11.4 Corrosion resistance . 18
11.5 Orifice diameter . 18
11.6 Connections . 18
11.7 Nozzle covers . 18
11.8 Discharge characteristics . 18
11.8.1 Total flooding nozzle . 18
11.8.2 Local application nozzle . 18
12 Documentation . 18
13 Marking . 19
13.1 General . 19
13.2 Powder containers . 19
13.3 Expellant gas containers and pilot containers . 20
13.4 Actuators . 20
13.5 Expellant gas valves and container valves . 20
13.6 Main isolating valves and selector valves . 20
13.7 Nozzles . 21
14 Type test methods . 21
14.1 Conditions . 21
14.2 Samples and order of tests . 21
15 Evaluation of conformity . 24
15.1 General . 24
15.2 Initial type testing . 24
15.3 Factory production control (FPC) . 24
Annex A (normative) Compliance test . 25
Annex B (normative) Internal pressure test . 26
Annex C (normative) Operating force and function test . 27
C.1 Actuators . 27
C.2 Main isolating valve and selector valve . 28
C.3 Pressure regulators . 28
C.4 Protective cover of nozzles . 29
Annex D (normative) Determination of the remaining media in the container after discharge
............................................................................................................................................................................. 30
Annex E (normative) Opening and closing times . 31
Annex F (normative) Low temperature test for actuators and valves . 32
Annex G (normative) High temperature test for actuators and valves . 33
G.1 Actuators and valves . 33
G.2 Nozzles . 33
Annex H (normative) Salt spray corrosion test . 34
Annex I (normative) Stress corrosion test . 35
Annex J (normative) Strength test for pressure regulators, main isolating valves and selector
valves . 36
Annex K (normative) Jet velocity test . 37
Annex L (normative) Flow rate test . 38
Bibliography . 39
European foreword
This document (EN 12416-1:2024) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 191 “Fixed
firefighting systems”, the secretariat of which is held by BSI.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an
identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by January 2025, and conflicting national standards shall
be withdrawn at the latest by January 2025.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. CEN shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
This document supersedes EN 12416-1:2001+A2:2007.
The main changes compared with EN 12416-1:2001+A2:2007 are as follows:
— revision of the normative references;
— revision of Clause 6;
— revision of Annexes D, F, G and N;
— deletion of the former Annexes H and I;
— extension of the bibliography.
This European Standard has the general title “Fixed firefighting systems — Powder systems” and consists
of the following two parts:
— Part 1: Requirements and test methods for components;
— Part 2: Design, construction and maintenance.
This document is included in a series of European Standards planned to cover also:
a) gas extinguishing components and systems (the EN 12094 series and the EN 15004 series);
b) sprinkler components and systems (the EN 12259 series and the EN 12845 series);
c) smoke control systems (the EN 12101 series);
d) explosion protection systems;
e) foam systems (the EN 13565 series);
f) hose systems (the EN 671 series);
g) water spray systems (CEN/TS 14816);
h) water mist components and systems (the EN 17450 series and the EN 14972 series).
Any feedback and questions on this document should be directed to the users’ national standards body.
A complete listing of these bodies can be found on the CEN website.
According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organisations of the
following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia,
Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland,
Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Republic of North
Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Türkiye and the United
Kingdom.
Introduction
It has been assumed in the preparation of this document that the execution of its provisions is entrusted
to appropriately qualified and experienced people.
1 Scope
This document specifies requirements and test methods for materials, construction and performance of
components intended for use in powder firefighting systems complying with EN 12416-2:2001+A1:2007.
The components covered are as follows:
— powder containers;
— expellant gas container assemblies;
— pressure regulators and gauges;
— actuators;
— main isolating valves and selector valves;
— nozzles.
The components are suitable for powder firefighting systems for general use in buildings and other
construction works. In areas with a risk of explosion, earthquake zones, extreme environmental
conditions, e.g. marine, offshore, mining or aircraft additional considerations apply.
This document covers components for use in powder extinguishing systems complying with
EN 12416-2:2001+A1:2007. It does not cover, for example, pipes and fittings which are covered by more
general standards for which requirements and recommendations are given in
EN 12416-2:2001+A1:2007. Nor does it cover fire detectors or electrical control and indicating
equipment.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
EN 286-1:1998, Simple unfired pressure vessels designed to contain air or nitrogen — Part 1: Pressure
vessels for general purposes
EN 1964-3, Transportable gas cylinders — Specification for the design and construction of refillable
transportable seamless steel gas cylinders of water capacities from 0,5 litre up to and including 150 litres
— Part 3: Cylinders made of seamless stainless steel with an Rm value of less than 1100 MPa
EN 12094-4, Fixed firefighting systems — Components for gas extinguishing systems — Part 4:
Requirements and test methods for container valve assemblies and their actuators
EN 12094-5, Fixed firefighting systems — Components for gas extinguishing systems — Part 5:
Requirements and test methods for high and low pressure selector valves and their actuators
EN 12094-8, Fixed firefighting systems — Components for gas extinguishing systems — Part 8:
Requirements and test methods for connectors
EN 12094-13, Fixed firefighting systems — Components for gas extinguishing systems — Part 13:
Requirements and test methods for check valves and non-return valves
EN 12416-2:2001+A1:2007, Fixed firefighting systems — Powder systems — Part 2: Design, construction
and maintenance
EN 60529, Degrees of protection provided by enclosures (IP Code) (IEC 60529)
EN ISO 4126-1, Safety devices for protection against excessive pressure — Part 1: Safety valves (ISO 4126-
1)
EN ISO 4126-2, Safety devices for protection against excessive pressure — Part 2: Bursting disc safety
devices (ISO 4126-2)
EN ISO 9809-1, Gas cylinders — Design, construction and testing of refillable seamless steel gas cylinders
and tubes — Part 1: Quenched and tempered steel cylinders and tubes with tensile strength less than
1 100 MPa (ISO 9809-1)
EN ISO 9809-2, Gas cylinders — Design, construction and testing of refillable seamless steel gas cylinders
and tubes — Part 2: Quenched and tempered steel cylinders and tubes with tensile strength greater than or
equal to 1 100 MPa (ISO 9809-2)
EN ISO 10297, Gas cylinders — Cylinder valves — Specification and type testing (ISO 10297)
EN ISO 17871, Gas cylinders — Quick-release cylinder valves — Specification and type testing (ISO 17871)
ISO 3864-1, Graphical symbols — Safety colours and safety signs — Part 1: Design principles for safety signs
and safety markings
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminology databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
• ISO Online browsing platform: available at https://www.iso.org/obp
• IEC Electropedia: available at https://www.electropedia.org/
3.1
actuator
component which when receiving a signal operates another component
3.2
bursting disc
diaphragm designed to burst at a predetermined pressure difference
3.3
calculation zone
zone for which the design quantity of the extinguishing media required is calculated separately
3.4
diptube
tube through which powder from the lower part of the container is transported into the piping
3.5
equipment fire
fire of three dimensional objects, also subject to leakage, dripping or splashing
3.6
expellant gas container
high pressure container to store the expellant gas
3.7
expellant gas container valve
valve which retains the expellant gas in the expellant gas container, and which releases it when actuated
3.8
fill ratio
mass of an expellant gas relative to the net capacity of the expellant gas container, expressed in kilograms
per litre (kg/l)
3.9
flooding zone
zone comprising all calculation zones to be flooded simultaneously with the extinguishing media via one
selector valve
3.10
local application system
system to protect separate objects
3.11
maximum working pressure
pressure (at a temperature of 50 °C) at which the system or the component can still work and may be
operated
3.12
minimum release energy
energy which is needed for the operation of a component
3.13
minimum working pressure
pressure (at a temperature of –20 °C) at which the system or the component can still be operated
3.14
non-return valve
component permitting flow only in one direction
3.15
nozzle
component to achieve determined performance characteristics and a uniform distribution into or at a
protected zone
3.16
pilot container
power source for a pneumatic alarm device and for actuation of the expellant gas container
3.17
(extinguishing) powder
extinguishing medium composed of finely divided solid chemical products consisting of one or more
principle components, which are combined with additives to improve its characteristics
EXAMPLE BC powder is designed to extinguish class B (liquids or liquefied solids) and class C (gases) fires;
ABC powder is designed to extinguish class A (solids which form glowing members), class B and class C fires.
Note 1 to entry: In North America and some other countries, the term “dry powder” is used to denote special metal
fire extinguishing agents and the term “dry chemical extinguishing agent” is used to denote the extinguishing
medium specified in this European Standard.
Note 2 to entry: When it is useful to indicate the class of fire for which a powder is designed, capital letters may be
added before the term. The letters used in this European Standard are those specified in EN 2.
[SOURCE: EN 615:2009, 3.1]
3.18
protected zone
entire number of flooding zones protected by one system
3.19
selector valve
component which opens or prevents the flow of extinguishing media into a flooding zone
3.20
surface fire
fire spreading across horizontal surfaces. A surface fire may be a fire involving flammable liquids, gases
or solids, not subjected to smouldering
3.21
total flooding system
system to protect the entire contents of an enclosed space
3.22
working pressure
pressure at which the component is used in the system
3.23
working temperature range
temperature range at which the system or the component can still work and may be operated
4 General requirements for components
4.1 Working temperature range
The components shall have a working temperature range of –20 °C to +50 °C.
If CO pilot containers or CO expellant gas containers are used the working temperature range shall be
2 2
0 °C to 40 °C.
4.2 General test facilities
It shall be ensured that the function of all actuators can be tested without discharging the expellant gas.
Depending on the type of the system test connectors for an external test cylinder shall be available.
4.3 Stress corrosion test
If copper alloy parts are used they shall be subjected to the stress corrosion test in Annex I.
5 Powder container
5.1 Capacity
The volume shall be not more than 4000 l.
5.2 Design
The powder container shall be designed in accordance with EN 286-1 and shall be made of steel.
5.3 Maximum working pressure
The maximum working pressure shall not exceed 25 bar.
5.4 Colour
The powder containers shall be coloured red in accordance with ISO 3864-1.
5.5 Container components
5.5.1 Powder filling opening
The powder filling opening of the container shall be not less than DN 100.
Sight-holes, handholes, headholes and manholes may be used for filling in accordance with EN 286-1, if
they are located on the top of the powder container.
5.5.2 Drain connection
For inspection of the interior of the container and testing of the powder, a drain connection to empty the
powder container should be provided.
Drain connections, if provided, shall be not less than:
— for V up to 1000 l: R 1/2 or R 1/2 or G 1/2;
p
— for V above 1000 l : R 1 or R 1 or G 1.
p
5.5.3 Pressure relief device
The powder container shall be fitted with a pressure relief device. The set pressure of the pressure relief
device is never greater than the maximum working pressure, but after pressure relief has commenced
the pressure can exceed the maximum working pressure by 10 % maximum. The gas flow rate through
the pressure relief device shall be greater than the maximum rate of expellant gas entering into the
powder container.
5.5.4 Connection for the expellant gas tube
The expellant gas tube shall be fitted to the powder container discharging the gas below the powder
surface. The system shall be designed to prevent powder entering the expellant gas system.
5.5.5 Powder diptube
The powder container shall be fitted with a powder diptube.
The diptube shall be fixed with sufficient strength to resist damage during operation (filling, emptying of
the container or during the discharge of powder).
The length and configuration of the diptube shall be such that the volume of powder remaining in the
container at the end of the discharge is less than 5 % of the internal volume of the container.
The function of the container including the diptube shall be demonstrated by test as specified in Annex D.
The powder filling opening of the container shall be not less than DN 100.
Sight-holes, handholes, headholes and manholes may be used for filling in accordance with EN 286-1, if
they are located on the top of the powder container.
6 Expellant gas container assembly
6.1 Expellant gas containers
Expellant gas containers shall be constructed in accordance with EN ISO 9809-1, EN ISO 9809-2 and
EN 1964-3.
To check the contents of the expellant gas container at any time, all individual containers shall be fitted
with
a) a weighing device in case of pressure liquefied gases to weigh the contents;
b) in other cases with a working pressure gauge in accordance with Table 1 to indicate the internal
pressure of the container.
6.2 Expellant gas valves
If the system has an automatic and a manual release, the expellant gas valve shall be in accordance with
EN 12094-4 but without a diptube. If the system has a manual release only, an expellant gas container
valve in accordance with EN ISO 10297 may be used, in this case CO as expellant gas is not permitted
and there is no need for any safety precautions, such as delay devices.
6.3 Actuators for expellant gas valves
Actuators for expellant gas valves shall comply with requirements for actuators in EN 12094-4.
6.4 Manifolds
Manifolds shall withstand a pressure of 1,5 times the maximum pressure of the gas used at a temperature
of 50 °C when tested in accordance with Annex B.
Manifolds shall be designed in accordance with the relevant requirements for the pipework design as
specified in EN 12416-2.
6.5 Flexible connectors and non-return valve
Expellant gas containers shall be fitted to the pipework or the manifold by flexible connectors in
accordance with EN 12094-8.
When more than one container is used, each flexible connection to a manifold shall be fitted with a non-
return valve in accordance with EN 12094-13.
7 Pressure gauges
Pressure gauges shall be in accordance with Table 1.
Table 1 — Pressure gauges
Expellant gas
Parameter Pressure regulators
container
A B
downstream upstream
Scale 0 to 1,5 times of the working pressure
Graduation 1 bar 5 bar 10 bar
Accuracy > 1,6 % > 2 % ±5 %
Diameter > 38 mm
8 Pressure regulators
8.1 General
Powder containers with a capacity of more than 100 kg shall be fitted with a pressure regulator. A
pressure regulator shall be fitted to build-up the necessary expellant gas pressure in the powder
container and to maintain the working pressure of the powder system. The minimum setting of the
pressure regulator shall be 10 % lower than the maximum working pressure. The pressure gauge of Type
A shall be installed before and the pressure gauge of Type B behind the pressure regulator. The pressure
gauges shall be in accordance with Table 1.
8.2 Material
All mechanical parts of the pressure regulator for the powder discharge valves and powder selector
valves shall be made of metal or other materials which have at least the same performance
characteristics.
Non-metallic materials and elastomers used in the pressure regulator shall not alter so that the operation
is impaired before or after any of the tests. All materials shall be resistant to the media with which they
come into contact.
If copper alloy is used the component shall be tested in accordance with Annex K.
8.3 Corrosion resistance
The pressure regulator shall be tested in accordance with Annex J.
8.4 Resistance to internal pressure
The pressure regulator shall be tested in accordance with Annex B.
8.5 Flow
The pressure regulator shall be designed so that the expellant gas flow ensures the required powder
discharge in at least the minimum discharge time.
9 Actuators
9.1 General
9.1.1 Design
Actuators should be designed in accordance with EN 12094-4.
The requirements of this clause shall be met as minimum requirements.
9.1.2 Materials
All mechanical parts of the actuator for the powder discharge valves and powder selector valves shall be
made of metal or other materials which have at least the same performance characteristics.
Non-metallic materials and elastomers used in the actuator shall not alter so that the operation is
impaired before or after any of the tests. All materials shall be resistant to the media with which they
come into contact.
If copper alloy is used the component shall be tested in accordance with Annex K.
9.1.3 Vibration resistance
The valve assembly including accessories and actuator shall not operate or be damaged when tested in
accordance with EN ISO 10297 or EN ISO 17871.
9.1.4 Temperature resistance
The actuator shall be tested in accordance with Annex F and G.
9.1.5 Operational reliability
Actuators shall operate together with the associated valve and shall be tested in accordance with
EN ISO 10297 or EN ISO 17871.
9.1.6 Corrosion resistance
Actuators shall operate together with the associated valve and shall be tested in accordance with Annex J.
9.1.7 Operating force
Corresponding to an opening time of maximum 1 s the effective force of the actuator shall be at least two
times and in the case of pyrotechnic actuators at least three times the force necessary to open the valve
under the most severe conditions, when the component is tested as specified in Annex C.
9.1.8 Electric switch and monitoring equipment
The degree of protection for enclosures of the switch and monitoring equipment as well as solenoid coils
shall comply with class IP 54 according to EN 60529.
9.2 Solenoid operated type actuators
9.2.1 The degree of protection for enclosures shall conform to a minimum classification of IP 54 in
accordance with EN 60529.
9.2.2 The solenoid operated type actuators shall be tested in accordance with Annexes C, D, E, F, G, H
and I.
9.3 Pneumatic powered actuators
Pneumatic actuators of expellant gas containers shall comply with the requirements of EN 12094-4.
Pneumatic actuators of powder container main isolating valves and selector valves shall comply with the
requirements of EN 12094-5, but shall operate in a maximum actuating time of 5 s. Pneumatic powered
actuators shall be tested in accordance with Annexes C, D, E, F, G, H and I.
9.4 Mechanical operated actuators
The drop distance shall be at least 75 mm greater than the distance required to open the valve.
Springs acting as the prime mover in the release device shall be free to complete their full travel without
impedance.
9.5 Pyrotechnic actuators
The actuator shall be tested in accordance with Annex C, D, E, F, G, H and I.
The manufacturer shall specify:
— minimum all-fire current and its minimum duration and the form of the signal; and
— maximum monitoring current; and
— range of voltage; and
— maximum storage time under specified storage conditions; and
— maximum life time under stand-by conditions (50 °C and 70 % relative humidity).
In addition, data shall be provided by the manufacturer to show that:
a) the failure rate of the device in the energy transfer path does not exceed 1 in 100 000 at the
recommended firing current; and
b) actuators will achieve the required power output after being subjected to a 90-day ageing test at a
test temperature of (90 ± 2) °C; and
c) the power output of the actuator at the end of its service life as recommended by the manufacturer
will be not less than three times that required to operate the valve at the most disadvantageous
operating conditions.
9.6 Manually released actuators
The manually released actuators shall be protected against unintentional use.
The force required to operate a manually released actuator shall not exceed:
a) 150 N for hand operated controls; or
b) 50 N for finger pull operated controls; or
c) 10 N for finger push operated controls;
The movement of the release shall not exceed 300 mm to achieve actuation. The manual remote release
shall be tested together with the actuator in accordance with C.1.5.
9.7 Use in combination
Actuators for use in combination shall comply with the individual requirements of the appropriate
clauses when tested as a combined assembly.
10 Main isolating valve and selector valve
10.1 General
The main isolating valves and the selector valve shall have a mechanical indicator to show the open and
closed position.
Only ball valves or cavity free valves shall be used.
10.2 Material
All mechanical parts of main isolating valves and selector valves shall be made of metal or other materials
which have at least the same performance characteristics.
Non-metallic materials and elastomers used in the main isolating valve and selector valve shall not alter
so that the operation is impaired before or after any of the tests. All materials shall be resistant to the
media with which they come into contact.
If copper alloy is used the component shall be tested in accordance with Annex K.
10.3 Temperature resistance
Main isolating valves and selector valves shall be tested in accordance with Annex F and G.
10.4 Resistance to pressure
The valve with actuator shall be tested in accordance with Annex B.
10.5 Flow characteristics
The free flow cross section of the valve shall be not less than 95 % of the area given by the inlet pipe
nominal diameter.
The flow characteristic of the valve shall be stated by the manufacturer, either as an equivalent length of
pipe, equal to the inlet pipe nominal diameter or as a flow resistance coefficient.
The valves shall be designed so that during operation no part of the valve or its components shall be
ejected outside of the confines of the valve or into the discharge pipework.
10.6 Corrosion resistance
The main isolating valves and selector valves shall be tested in accordance with Annex J.
10.7 Vibration resistance
The valve assembly including accessories and actuator shall not operate or be damaged when tested in
accordance with EN ISO 10297 or EN ISO 17871.
10.8 Operating force
The effective force of the actuator shall - under the most unfavourable conditions - be at least twice the
force required to operate the valve.
The valves shall be tested in accordance with Annex C.
11 Nozzles
11.1 Material
The nozzle and internal parts shall be made of metal or material with equivalent properties.
The nozzle protective covers may be made of other materials.
11.2 Resistance to pressure
The nozzle shall be tested in accordance with Annex B.
11.3 Resistance to heat
The nozzle shall be tested in accordance with G.
...