CEN/TR 15378-4:2017

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-maj-2018
Energijske lastnosti stavb - Sistemi za ogrevanje stavb in pripravo tople sanitarne
vode - 4. del: Razlaga in utemeljitev EN 15378-3 - Modula M3-10 in M8-10
Energy performance of buildings - Heating systems and DHW in buildings - Part 4:
Explanation and justification of EN 15378-3, Module M3-10, M8-10
Heizungsanlagen und Wasserbasierte Kühlanlagen in Gebäuden - Heizungsanlagen und
Trinkwarmwasseranlagen in Gebäuden - Teil 4: Begleitender TR zur EN 15378-3
(Messungen der Energieeffizienz)
Performance énergétique des bâtiments - Performance énergétique mesurée - Partie 4:
Explication et justification de l’EN 15378-3, Modules M3-10, M8-10
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: CEN/TR 15378-4:2017
ICS:
91.120.10 Toplotna izolacija stavb Thermal insulation of
buildings
91.140.10 Sistemi centralnega Central heating systems
ogrevanja
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

CEN/TR 15378-4
TECHNICAL REPORT
RAPPORT TECHNIQUE
May 2017
TECHNISCHER BERICHT
ICS 91.120.10; 91.140.10
English Version
Energy performance of buildings - Heating systems and
DHW in buildings - Part 4: Explanation and justification of
EN 15378-3, Module M3-10, M8-10
Performance énergétique des bâtiments - Performance Heizungsanlagen und Wasserbasierte Kühlanlagen in
énergétique mesurée - Partie 4: Explication et Gebäuden - Heizungsanlagen und
justification de l'EN 15378-3, Modules M3-10, M8-10 Trinkwarmwasseranlagen in Gebäuden - Teil 4:
Begleitender TR zur EN 15378-3 (Messungen der
Energieeffizienz)
This Technical Report was approved by CEN on 27 February 2017. It has been drawn up by the Technical Committee CEN/TC
228.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania,
Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland,
Turkey and United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION

EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG

CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels
© 2017 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. CEN/TR 15378-4:2017 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.

Contents Page
European foreword . 5
Introduction . 6
1 Scope . 8
2 Normative references . 8
3 Terms and definitions . 8
4 Symbols, subscripts and abbreviations. 9
4.1 Symbols . 9
4.2 Subscripts . 9
4.3 Abbreviations . 9
5 Description of the methods . 9
5.1 Available procedures . 9
5.2 Assessment of measured heating and domestic hot water delivered energy . 9
5.2.1 Output of the method . 9
5.2.2 Optional procedures . 9
5.2.3 Validation of measured rating . 10
5.2.4 Correction according to standard use and/or climate . 10
5.3 Assessment of measured boiler combustion efficiency . 11
5.4 Assessment of boiler seasonal efficiency . 11
5.5 Domestic hot water system efficiency . 11
5.6 Other measurement methods . 11
6 Measured delivered energy for heating and domestic hot water . 12
6.1 Rationale and output data . 12
6.2 Assessment and measurement periods and intervals . 14
6.3 Input data . 15
6.3.1 Data on delivered energy carrier amount . 15
6.3.2 Constants and physical data . 15
6.4 Assessment of delivered and exported energy carriers amount . 15
6.4.1 General . 15
6.4.2 Metered energy carriers (electricity, gas, district heating and cooling) . 16
6.4.3 Liquid fuels in tanks or small containers . 16
6.4.4 Solid fuels . 16
6.4.5 Fuel with hour counter . 16
6.4.6 Electrical energy measurement . 16
6.5 Data about boundary conditions . 17
6.5.1 General . 17
6.5.2 Climatic data . 17
6.5.3 Building use schedule and internal temperature. 17
6.5.4 Domestic hot water used . 17
6.6 Converting to delivered and exported energy . 17
6.7 Preparation of data. 18
6.7.1 Reporting raw data . 18
6.7.2 Validating raw data for measured delivered energy normalization . 18
6.8 Interpolation of seasonal measurements . 18
6.8.1 Data preparation . 18
6.8.2 Separating uses and services . 18
6.8.3 Space heating delivered energy correction for indoor temperature and climate . 18
6.8.4 Seasonal values . 19
6.8.5 Interpolation of seasonal delivered energy . 19
6.8.6 Measured specific heat loss Hmeas . 20
6.8.7 Validation criteria . 20
6.9 Energy signature method . 20
6.9.1 Data preparation and rationale of the method . 20
6.9.2 Linear regression in Heating mode . 21
6.9.3 Linear regression in non-heating mode . 21
6.9.4 Heating start external temperature . 21
6.9.5 Estimated internal temperature during heating season . 21
6.9.6 Standardized average power during the heating season . 21
6.9.7 Standardized delivered energy during the heating season . 21
6.9.8 Validation criteria . 22
6.10 Special cases . 22
6.10.1 Introduction. 22
6.10.2 Multi-fuel installations . 22
6.10.3 Heat meters are available . 22
6.10.4 District heating . 22
6.10.5 Variable heat generation efficiency . 22
6.11 Plain reporting. 23
6.12 Exported energy . 23
6.13 Reporting . 23
6.14 Limits of application . 23
6.15 Linear regression sub procedure. 23
6.16 Examples . 23
7 Boiler combustion efficiency . 24
7.1 Output data . 24
7.2 Input data . 24
7.3 Measuring procedure . 24
7.4 Combustion efficiency calculation . 24
7.4.1 General . 24
7.4.2 Sensible heat loss factor α . 24
ch,on
7.4.3 Condensation latent heat recovery factor α . 24
cond
7.5 Reporting . 25
8 Assessment of measured heating generation efficiency . 25
8.1 Output data . 25
8.2 Input data . 25
8.3 Available methods . 26
8.3.1 Boiler cycling method . 26
8.3.2 Total stand-by losses method . 26
8.4 Boiler βcmb (average load) determination . 26
8.4.1 Introduction. 26
8.4.2 Fuel use method . 26
8.4.3 Operation hour counter method . 26
8.5 Estimation of loss factors . 26
8.5.1 Losses through the envelope (radiation losses) . 26
8.5.2 Losses through the chimney with burner off . 26
8.5.3 Total stand-by losses . 26
8.6 Reporting . 27
9 Assessment of measured domestic hot water delivered energy and system efficiency . 27
9.1 Domestic hot water delivered energy . 27
9.1.1 Domestic hot water volume measurement not available . 27
9.1.2 With water measurement . 27
9.2 Domestic hot water efficiency . 27
9.3 Reporting . 27
10 Assessment of measured heat pump efficiency . 27
11 Assessment of the energy performance for other services . 27
12 Quality control . 27
13 Compliance check. 28
14 Method selection . 28
15 Worked out examples . 28
16 Application range . 28
16.1 Energy performance assessment . 28
16.2 Inspection . 28
16.3 Recommendations (tailored rating) . 29
17 Regulation use . 29
18 Information on the accompanying spreadsheet . 29
19 Results of the validation tests . 29
20 Quality issues . 29
20.1 Assessment of measured delivered energy . 29
20.2 Combustion efficiency . 29
20.3 Seasonal efficiency estimation . 29
Annex A (informative) Template for choices, input data and references . 30
Annex B (informative) Default choices, input data and references . 31
Annex C (informative) Template for the input data preparation and presentation . 32
Annex D (informative) Calculation flowcharts . 33
Annex E (informative) Calculation examples . 35
E.1 Seasonal data interpolation . 35
E.1.1 General . 35
E.1.2 Source data . 35
E.1.3 Input data . 39
E.1.4 Calculation . 41
E.1.5 Output data . 45
E.1.6 Regression plot . 46
E.2 Energy signature method . 47
E.2.1 General . 47
E.2.2 Source data . 47
E.2.3 Input data . 47
E.2.4 Calculation . 49
E.2.5 Output data . 53
E.2.6 Regression plot . 54
Annex F (informative) History of this document . 55
Bibliography . 56

European foreword
This document (CEN/TR 15378-4:2017) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 228
“Heating systems and water based cooling systems in buildings”, the secretariat of which is held by DIN.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. CEN [and/or CENELEC] shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent
rights.
This document has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the
European Free Trade Association.
Introduction
The set of EPB standards, technical reports and supporting tools:
In order to facilitate the necessary overall consistency and coherence, in terminology, approach,
input/output relations and formats, for the whole set of EPB-standards, the following documents and
tools are available:
a) a document with basic principles to be followed in drafting EPB-standards:
CEN/TS 16628, Energy Performance of Buildings — Basic Principles for the set of EPB standards [1];
b) a document with detailed technical rules to be followed in drafting EPB-standards:
CEN/TS 16629, Energy Performance of Buildings — Detailed Technical Rules for the set of EPB-
standards [2];
c) the detailed technical rules are the basis for the following tools:
1) a common template for each EPB-standard, including specific drafting instructions for the
relevant clauses;
2) a common template for each technical report that accompanies a EPB standard or a cluster of
EPB standards, including specific drafting instructions for the relevant clauses;
3) a common template for the spreadsheet that accompanies each EPB standard, to demonstrate
the correctness of the EPB calculation procedures.
Each EPB-standards follows the basic principles and the detailed technical rules and relates to the
overarching EPB-standard, EN ISO 52000-1:2017.
One of the main purposes of the revision of the EPB-standards is to enable that laws and regulations
directly refer to the EPB-standards and make compliance with them compulsory. This requires that the
set of EPB-standards consists of a systematic, clear, comprehensive and unambiguous set of energy
performance procedures. The number of options provided is kept as low as possible, taking into
account national and regional differences in climate, culture and building tradition, policy and legal
frameworks (subsidiarity principle). For each option, an informative default option is provided
(Annex B).
Rationale behind the EPB technical reports:
There is a high risk that the purpose and limitations of the EPB standards will be misunderstood, unless
the background and context to their contents – and the thinking behind them – is explained in some
detail to readers of the standards. Consequently, various types of informative contents are recorded and
made available for users to properly understand, apply and nationally implement the EPB standards.
If this explanation would have been attempted in the standards themselves, the result is likely to be
confusing and cumbersome, especially if the standards are implemented or referenced in national or
regional building codes.
Therefore each EPB standard is accompanied by an informative technical report, like this one, where all
informative content is collected:
— to ensure a clear separation between normative and informative contents (see CEN/TS 16629 [2]),
— to avoid flooding and confusing the actual normative part with informative content,
— to reduce the page count of the actual standard, and
— to facilitate understanding of the set of EPB standards.
This was also one of the main recommendations from the European CENSE project [4] that laid the
foundation for the preparation of the set of EPB standards.
This Technical Report:
This Technical Report accompanies the standard EN 15378-3:2017 on the assessment of measure
measured delivered energy for space heating and domestic hot water preparation.
The first part of this Technical Report, up to Clause 13 and all annexes up to Annex D have the same
numbering as EN 15378-3:2017. Each clause in this CEN/TR 15378-4 is related to the same clause in
EN 15378-3:2017.
The role and the positioning of the accompanied standard(s) in the set of EPB standards is defined in
the Introduction to the standard.
Accompanying spreadsheet(s):
Concerning the accompanied standard EN 15378-3:2017, the following spreadsheets were produced:
— one spreadsheet on space heating measured delivered energy assessment using the seasonal data
interpolation method (see 6.8);
— one spreadsheet on space heating measured delivered energy assessment using the energy
signature method (see 6.9);
— one spreadsheet on domestic hot water measured delivered energy assessment;
— one spreadsheet on boiler efficiency assessment, both combustion efficiency and seasonal
efficiency.
In this Technical Report, two examples of space heating measured delivered energy assessment are
included.
History of this Technical Report and the accompanied standard:
EN 15378-3:2017 is the first edition of a standard on measured energy performance. It includes
provisions already included in several previous standards like EN 15603:2008 (energy signature
method) and EN 15378:2007 (measurement of combustion efficiency and estimation of boiler seasonal
efficiency) and others.
This Technical Report has been drafted as part of Mandate 480 of the EC to CEN.
References in the text of the standard are given as module codes that are detailed in the annex. This
enables flexible references (e.g. to national documents where necessary for local application) and use
outside the CEN environment.
1 Scope
This Technical Report refers to EN 15378-3:2017, Energy performance of buildings — Heating and DHW
systems in buildings — Part 3: Measured energy performance, Module M3-10, M8-10.
It contains information to support the correct understanding, use and national adaptation of
EN 15378-3:2017.
2 Normative references
The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are
indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated
references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
CEN/TR 15378-2:2017, Energy performance of buildings — Heating systems and DHW in buildings —
Part 2: Explanation and justification of EN 15378-1, Module M3-11 and M8-11
EN 15378-3:2017, Energy performance of buildings — Heating and DHW systems in buildings — Part 3:
Measured energy performance, Module M3-10, M8-10
EN ISO 7345:1995, Thermal insulation — Physical quantities and definitions (ISO 7345:1987)
EN ISO 52000-1:2017, Energy performance of buildings — Overarching EPB assessment — Part 1:
General framework and procedure (ISO 52000-1:2017)
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in EN ISO 7345:1995,
EN ISO 52000-1:2017 and EN 15378-3:2017 apply.
NOTE There are no new terms in this Technical Report.
Most terms used in EN 15378–3:2017, such as:
— space heating;
— gross and net calorific value;
— external temperature;
— energy carrier;
— delivered energy;
and others are already defined in EN ISO 52000-1:2017 and are not repeated.
The definitions of assessment period, measurement interval and measurement period have been repeated
because they are fundamental for the correct understanding of this standard.
4 Symbols, subscripts and abbreviations
4.1 Symbols
For the purposes of this Technical Report, the symbols given in EN ISO 52000-1:2017 and
EN 15378-3:2017 apply.
There are no new symbols in this Technical Report
4.2 Subscripts
For the purposes of this Technical Report, subscripts given in EN ISO 52000-1:2017 and
EN 15378-3:2017 (the accompanied EPB standard) apply.
There are no new subscripts in this Technical Report.
4.3 Abbreviations
For the purposes of this Technical Report, abbreviations given in EN ISO 52000-1:2017 and
EN 15378-3:2017 (the accompanied EPB standard) apply.
There are no new abbreviations in this Technical Report.
5 Description of the methods
5.1 Available procedures
EN 15378-3 deals with all procedures related to measuring the delivered energy for space heating and
domestic hot water preparation.
EN 15378-3 also includes normalization techniques of the measured delivered energy.
EN 15378-3 also includes measurement procedures for specific partial performance indicators of the
space heating and domestic hot water technical systems, such as combustion efficiency and boiler
seasonal efficiency. Some of the procedures are a mix of simple measurements and quick calculations
based on tabulated default values.
5.2 Assessment of measured heating and domestic hot water delivered energy
5.2.1 Output of the method
The output of the method is an un-weighted delivered energy amount.
The weighting of the measured delivered energy is described in EN ISO 52000-1:2017, Clause 8.
5.2.2 Optional procedures
This standard about measured energy performance is based on consideration of the following sources:
— Contents of EN 15603:2008;
— Contents of EN 15378:2007;
— Slovak National annex to EN 15603:2008
— Rules for Display Energy Certificates in the United Kingdom;
— Information from Swedish Energy Agency.
All measurement procedures have been concentrated in this standard, including procedures for partial
performance indicator measurements
The basic procedure given in Clause 6 deals with the overall measured energy performance for heating
and domestic hot water. A common procedure is defined for data preparation and validation. Then two
alternative methods are given for the standardization of actual measured delivered energy:
— the seasonal data interpolation method is derived from the Slovak National annex to
EN 15603:2008. seasonal or quasi-seasonal data are corrected according to internal temperature
and then extrapolated to the standard external temperature (6.8);
— the energy signature method is derived from a method given in EN 15603:2008 and proposed as an
alternative (6.9).
Plain reporting is also described.
5.2.3 Validation of measured rating
Despite trying to give clear rules, the uncertainty about the validity of collected data and on internal
conditions of use of the building during the measurement period is still a critical aspect. This can be
effectively solved only if measurements and required instruments and sensors are fully part of the
design, installation and operation of the building.
5.2.4 Correction according to standard use and/or climate
When using the measured energy performance for certification or regulatory purpose, it is necessary to
correct the actual measured delivered energy to standardized indoor (use) and outdoor (climatic)
conditions.
The types of EPB assessment types defined in EN ISO 52000-1 for measured energy performance are
repeated in Table 1 for easier understanding.
Table 1 — Types of measured energy performance assessments in EN ISO 52000-1:2017
Type Subtype Input data Type of application
Use Climate Building
Calculated … … … … …
Measured Actual Actual Actual Actual, Monitoring
(operational)
Climate Actual Corrected Actual Monitoring, or energy audit
corrected to standard
Use Corrected Actual Actual Monitoring
corrected to standard
Standard Corrected Corrected Actual Energy performance certificate,
to standard to standard regulation
The correction of measured delivered energy according to internal and/or external conditions
depending on the desired type of assessment is performed in EN 15378-3:2017.
Use of the measured delivered energy to determine the standardized energy performance is not
appropriate for all buildings. It is best suitable for buildings that meet the following conditions:
— the energy for heating can be individually metered at the building boundary or enough data are
available to separate energy dedicated to any other service.
— the period covered by measurement is long enough;
— the internal conditions of use of the building are well known.
NOTE The uncertainty of measurement will be higher when extrapolating to normalized conditions
measurements of heat (energy) use for a short time period of measurement. Interpolation is more reliable but
requires a long data history (measurement period).
— heating system losses are not excessive;
— heat gain/loss ratio of is not too large, so that fluctuations of solar heat gains have not a big impact
on overall energy use and the impact of fluctuations of solar heat gains can be offset by a longer
measurement period;
— in the building, there are more independent users and non-standard behaviour of the individual
user does not have a big impact on the overall energy use.
Risks of using the measured delivered energy for heating to predict energy needs for normalized
conditions are:
— insufficient quality and reliability of the measured delivered energy data;
— influence of the current occupants of a building on the measured heat use.
5.3 Assessment of measured boiler combustion efficiency
Clause 7 deals with the assessment of combustion efficiency of combustion devices. It is a basic check of
the correct burner setting and provides a basic information about instantaneous efficiency. This is
supported by dedicated measuring instruments that are already standardized. This measurement is
often used as a basic step of more detailed assessments.
The proposed method includes also a calculation method of latent het recovery for condensing boilers.
It is the same that was included in EN 15316-4-1:2008.
5.4 Assessment of boiler seasonal efficiency
Clause 8 deals with boiler seasonal efficiency estimation.
It is based on a mixture of simple measurements and tabulated losses coefficients.
The method also provides an estimation of the seasonal boiler load factor, that is in relation with the
boiler sizing compared to the actual needs.
The method provides a thermal seasonal efficiency. Auxiliaries are not taken into account (they may
only have a theoretical influence on combustion efficiency).
5.5 Domestic hot water system efficiency
Clause 9 deals with seasonal domestic hot water production efficiency assessment.
Clause 7 only allows to determine the delivered energy for domestic hot water preparation, without
knowing the actual volume of domestic hot water used.
This clause also considers the actual volume of domestic hot water used and therefore can be applied
only if a domestic hot water meter volume is available (and was read at due time).
5.6 Other measurement methods
Some additional measurement methods, such as heat pump COP measurement, are briefly introduced.
However these methods are not yet developed and experimented, therefore only some general
principles are given.
6 Measured delivered energy for heating and domestic hot water
6.1 Rationale and output data
This method is intended for an existing building, during the operation phase.
The actual delivered energy is assessed first, by energy carrier. Auxiliary energy is estimated if no meter
is available.
Assessment of delivered energy carriers is developed in the form of a table to have a traceable source of
data.
The basic procedure assumes that a flow of delivered energy is measured first, then the uses are
separated by measurement or simple statistical techniques.
At first all the non-heating (e.g. not for space heating) delivered energy is separated.
If a standardized operational rating is desired, then the measured energy for space heating is adjusted
according to actual building conditions of use and of actual climatic conditions, thus providing the
“standard measured energy. The correction is performed according to conditions of use using:
— available knowledge of average internal temperature;
— linear regressions on external temperature or degree days.
The main assumption is that the difference between internal and external temperature is the main
driving variable.
Then the domestic hot water energy use may be extracted from the non-heating energy.
— If no measurement of the actual volume of produced domestic hot water is available, then no
further elaboration is possible.
— If a measurement of the actual volume of produced domestic hot water is available, then a
correlation between the produced domestic hot water and the used power allows to normalize the
delivered energy for domestic hot water preparation.
When providing an operational rating one shall be very clear about which corrections have been
performed depending on weather, occupancy, indoor comfort that deviate from the standard
assumptions for a calculated energy rating. Performing (or skipping entirely or partially) this step
depends on the objective of the calculation.
— It is usually required for a standardized operational rating that shall be used:
— as a standardized rating;
— or to validate a calculated result with the actual energy use to obtain a higher confidence level
in the calculation model and input data used for calculations.
— It may be not required for the planning and follow up of energy saving measures as well as for
comparison with an appropriate tailored rating (energy auditing domain).
When extrapolating or interpolating values the following main assumptions are made:
— transmission and ventilation losses vary linearly with degree-days;
— other services and uses than space heating, unless otherwise stated or measured, are considered as
being constant power.
A reliable operational rating requires consistent, accurate and timely measurements. This implies that
appropriate instruments are designed and in place and that reading and recording procedures are
followed. An operational rating attempt on a system that was not designed or upgraded to support
operational rating will seldom meet the quality requirements for the validity of the standardized
operational rating.
EXAMPLE 1 The reading of the gas meter happens seldom at the exact beginning and end of the heating season
EXAMPLE 2 A general domestic hot water counter is seldom available on individual heating systems
EXAMPLE 3 A heat meter on the connection between the boiler and the domestic hot water production device
is seldom available in centralized heating systems.
When applying retrofitting measures on an existing building, the existence of sufficient instrumentation
and procedures for follow-up should be assessed.
NOTE EN 16247–1 states that any suggested energy conservation measure shall include a verification
method.
The output data are the type and amount of each delivered energy carrier. The weighting and
conversion into primary energy or CO emission is covered in EN ISO 52000-1:2017.
6.2 Assessment and measurement periods and intervals

Key
Y external temperature
X time
H heating only measurement interval
NH non-heating only measurement interval
HNH heating and non-heating measurement interval
MI measurement interval from t to t
ij j i
MP measurement period
SHS standard heating season
AHS actual heating season
θ balance temperature
ext;H0
Figure 1 — Concept of time intervals
The concep
...