EN ISO 21597-2:2020

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-februar-2021
Informacijski vsebnik za izročitev povezanih dokumentov - Specifikacija za
izmenjavo - 2. del: Vrste povezav (ISO 21597-2:2020)
Information container for linked document delivery - Exchange specification - Part 2: Link
types (ISO 21597-2:2020)
Informationscontainer zur Datenübergabe - Austausch-Spezifikation - Teil 2: Dynamische
Semantik (ISO 21597-2:2020)
Organisation de l'information concernant les travaux de construction - Conteneur
d'information pour extraction de données (ICDD) - Partie 2: Titre manque (ISO 21597-
2:2020)
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN ISO 21597-2:2020
ICS:
35.240.67 Uporabniške rešitve IT v IT applications in building
gradbeništvu and construction industry
91.010.01 Gradbeništvo na splošno Construction industry in
general
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

EN ISO 21597-2
EUROPEAN STANDARD
NORME EUROPÉENNE
November 2020
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
ICS 35.240.67; 91.010.01
English Version
Information container for linked document delivery -
Exchange specification - Part 2: Link types (ISO 21597-
2:2020)
Conteneur d'informations pour la livraison de Informationscontainer zur Datenübergabe - Austausch-
documents liés - Spécification d'échange - Partie 2: Spezifikation - Teil 2: Dynamische Semantik (ISO
Types de liens (ISO 21597-2:2020) 21597-2:2020)
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 14 November 2020.

CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this
European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references
concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN
member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by
translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management
Centre has the same status as the official versions.

CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway,
Poland, Portugal, Republic of North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and
United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION

EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG

CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Rue de la Science 23, B-1040 Brussels
© 2020 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN ISO 21597-2:2020 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.

Contents Page
European foreword . 3

European foreword
This document (EN ISO 21597-2:2020) has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 59
"Buildings and civil engineering works" in collaboration with Technical Committee CEN/TC 442
“Building Information Modelling (BIM)” the secretariat of which is held by SN.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an
identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by May 2021, and conflicting national standards shall be
withdrawn at the latest by May 2021.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. CEN shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the
following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria,
Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland,
Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Republic of
North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the
United Kingdom.
Endorsement notice
The text of ISO 21597-2:2020 has been approved by CEN as EN ISO 21597-2:2020 without any
modification.
INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 21597-2
First edition
2020-11
Information container for linked
document delivery — Exchange
specification —
Part 2:
Link types
Conteneur d'informations pour la livraison de documents liés —
Spécification d'échange —
Partie 2: Types de liens
Reference number
ISO 21597-2:2020(E)
©
ISO 2020
ISO 21597-2:2020(E)
© ISO 2020
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may
be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting
on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address
below or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
CP 401 • Ch. de Blandonnet 8
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva
Phone: +41 22 749 01 11
Email: copyright@iso.org
Website: www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii © ISO 2020 – All rights reserved

ISO 21597-2:2020(E)
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction .v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3  Terms and definitions . 1
3.1 Terms and definitions . 1
3.2 Abbreviated terms . 1
4  Specifications . 2
4.1 Use of RDF, RDFS and OWL constructs. 2
4.2 Symbols and notation. 2
4.3 Container structure . 2
4.4 Link types . 3
4.4.1 Overview . 3
4.4.2 Categories of link types . 3
4.4.3 Summary of the specified link types . 5
5 Link type description and usage . 5
5.1 General . 5
5.2 Identity. 6
5.3 Conflict . 6
5.4 Alternative . 7
5.5 Specialization . 7
5.6 Aggregation . 8
5.7 Membership. 8
5.8 Replacement . 9
5.9 Elaboration . 9
5.10 Control .10
6 Conformance requirements .10
6.1 Overview .10
6.2 General conformance requirements .10
Annex A (informative) Use cases.12
Annex B (informative) How to validate with SHACL .17
Annex C (normative) Extended Linkset ontology .21
ISO 21597-2:2020(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www .iso .org/ directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www .iso .org/ patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and
expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to the
World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see www .iso .org/
iso/ foreword .html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 59, Buildings and civil engineering works,
Subcommittee SC 13, Organization and digitization of information about buildings and civil engineering
works, including building information modelling (BIM), in collaboration with the European Committee
for Standardization (CEN) Technical Committee CEN/TC 442, Building Information Modelling (BIM), in
accordance with the Agreement on technical cooperation between ISO and CEN (Vienna Agreement).
A list of all parts in the ISO 21597 series can be found on the ISO website.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www .iso .org/ members .html.
iv © ISO 2020 – All rights reserved

ISO 21597-2:2020(E)
Introduction
The ISO 21597 series has been developed in response to a need within the construction industry to be
able to handle multiple interrelated documents as a single information delivery.
In ISO 21597-1, a specification is given for a generic container format that stores documents using
various formats and structures, along with a means of linking otherwise disconnected data within
those documents (including individual parts). These documents can have any syntax and semantics.
This document extends that specification by the addition of common link types (that define
relationships) as specializations of the generic types provided in ISO 21597-1. This provides the ability
to add information about the contents of a container, rather than extending the contents.
The link types provide the ability to express comparison, ordering and dependency relationships
between the documents and entities within documents that form part of the payload of a container. This
contributes greatly to the value of the container by providing commentary, guidance and explanation
of the relationships between link elements which could otherwise be unclear or ambiguous, without
making any assumptions about, nor being dependent on the specific type of the link elements.
The specification of link types in this document deliberately uses only annotation to add further
details or meta data to the defined link types. This allows the container to be machine readable and
human interpretable while noting that machine reasoning is not within the scope of this document. The
concern is to avoid the risk of reading too much into the intention behind the expressed relationships. If
machine reasoning is needed, further specifications would be required that are not in the current scope
of this document.
The International Organization for Standardization (ISO) draws attention to the fact that it is claimed
that compliance with this document may involve the use of a patent.
ISO takes no position concerning the evidence, validity and scope of this patent right.
The holder of this patent right has assured ISO that he/she is willing to negotiate licences under
reasonable and non-discriminatory terms and conditions with applicants throughout the world. In
this respect, the statement of the holder of this patent right is registered with ISO. Information may be
obtained from the patent database available at www .iso .org/ patents.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights other than those in the patent database. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying
any or all such patent rights.
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 21597-2:2020(E)
Information container for linked document delivery —
Exchange specification —
Part 2:
Link types
1 Scope
This document provides the opportunity to add information about the contents of a container by further
specializing the generic types of links specified in ISO 21597-1. The defined link types have been chosen
to enhance the use of the container by allowing the addition of semantic relationships that are human
interpretable to provide greater clarity about those links.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 21597-1:2020, Information container for linked document delivery — Exchange specification — Part 1:
Container
W3C-OWL2-SPEC. Motik B., Patel-Schneider P.F., Parsia B., eds. OWL 2 Web Ontology Language:
Structural Specification and Functional-Style Syntax (Second Edition). W3C Recommendation, 11
December 2012 [viewed July 22nd 2019]. Latest version available at http:// www .w3 .org/ TR/ owl2
-syntax/
W3C-RDF11-CONCEPTS. Cyganiak R., Wood D., Lanthaler M. RDF 1.1 Concepts and Abstract Syntax.
W3C Recommendation, 25 February 2014 [viewed July 22nd 2019]. Latest version available at http://
www .w3 .org/ TR/ rdf11 -concepts/
W3C-RDF11-SCHEMA. Brickley D., Guha R.V. RDF Schema 1.1. W3C Recommendation, 25 February 2014
[viewed July 22nd 2019]. Latest version available at http:// www .w3 .org/ TR/ rdf -schema/
W3C-RDF11-XML. Gandon F., Schreiber G. RDF 1.1 XML Syntax. W3C Recommendation, 25 February
2014 [viewed July 22nd 2019]. Latest version available at http:// www .w3 .org/ TR/ rdf -syntax -grammar/
3  Terms and definitions
3.1  Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 21597-1 apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https:// www .iso .org/ obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at http:// www .electropedia .org/
3.2 Abbreviated terms
For the purposes of this document, the abbreviated terms given in ISO 21597-1 apply.
ISO 21597-2:2020(E)
4  Specifications
4.1 Use of RDF, RDFS and OWL constructs
All ontologies held in containers that conform to the ISO 21597 series shall be based on the languages
RDF [W3C-RDF11-CONCEPTS], RDFS [W3C-RDF11-SCHEMA] and OWL [W3C-OWL2-SPEC] (referred to
collectively in the ISO 21597 series as RDF(S)/OWL) and shall be serialized in RDF/XML [W3C-RDF11-
XML] or any other equivalent RDF serialization recommended by W3C.
The terms inverse, functional, transitive and symmetric as used in this document are defined in
paragraph 9.2 of the OWL 2 specification [W3C-OWL2-SPEC].
ISO 21597-1:2020, Table 1 lists the RDF/OWL constructs that are used in the ISO 21597 series and the
interpretation to be used when validating the contents of a container.
4.2 Symbols and notation
Throughout this document, the structure of the ontologies is illustrated using a UML notation as
described in ISO 21597-1:2020, 4.2.
In addition to the namespaces listed in ISO 21597-1:2020, Table 2, Table 1 lists the namespaces and
corresponding prefixes used in this document.
Table 1 — Namespaces and prefixes used in ontologies defined in this document
Ontology Prefix Namespace
Extended Linkset els https:// standards .iso .org/ iso/ 21597/ -2/ ed -1/ en/ ExtendedLinkset
ontology
4.3 Container structure
The structure of the container shall be the same as that of ISO 21597-1. Figure 1 shows the minimum
content of the ‘Ontology resources’ folder of an ICDD Part 2 container.
2 © ISO 2020 – All rights reserved

ISO 21597-2:2020(E)
Figure 1 — Minimum content of the “Ontology resources” folder
4.4 Link types
4.4.1 Overview
This document specifies nine link types that shall be used where there is a need to express relationships
between documents and/or elements within documents that form the payload of the container. These
are defined in the Extended Linkset ontology in Annex C and shall be referenced in any datasets that
conform to this document. The link types shall be used to propose semantic relationships between
documents and individual elements within the documents to suggest identity, taxonomy, meronomy
and other groupings, as well as precedence, conflicts and alternatives.
The proposed relationships represent the opinion of the authoring/providing party, and generally do
not have the same status as the linked elements referenced. In all cases, the intention is that recipients
use the link types to clarify their understanding and help them manage and use the information.
The provisional nature of the links shall be taken into account in all cases. For example, a conflict
relationship may be reported that on examination is not deemed critical by the receiver.
Furthermore, the relationships defined using these link types shall not duplicate or contradict each
other, nor shall any relationships found within the documents. The link types shall not be used to imply
any more specific relationships that depend on the semantics of the linked elements. For example, a
dependency relationship between two work-package descriptions shall not be assumed to imply
sequencing.
4.4.2 Categories of link types
The link types fall into two broad categories: those that are specialized from ls: DirectedBinaryLink
(Figure 2); and those specialized from ls: Directed1toNLink (Figure 3). As functional sub-class concepts,
these are all objectified concepts that can carry annotated properties and metadata in the form of
annotations. This ensures that they are machine readable and can be reported to the end user, but all
interpretation is left entirely to the human receiver.
ISO 21597-2:2020(E)
Figure 2 — Link types that use binary relationships
Each of the one-to-many link types depicted in Figure 3 has an explicitly defined inverse relationship
shown in Figure 4. This gives the user a clear choice to express the seman
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