EN 81-1:1998+A3:2009

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-marec-2010
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Safety rules for the construction and installation of lifts - Part 1: Electric lifts
Sicherheitsregeln für die Konstruktion und den Einbau von Aufzügen - Teil 1: Elektrisch
betriebene Personen- und Lastenaufzüge
Règles de sécurité pour la construction et l'installation des ascenseurs - Partie 1:
Ascenseurs électriques
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN 81-1:1998+A3:2009
ICS:
91.140.90 'YLJDOD7HNRþHVWRSQLFH Lifts. Escalators
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

EUROPEAN STANDARD
EN 81-1:1998+A3
NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
December 2009
ICS 91.140.90 Supersedes EN 81-1:1998
English Version
Safety rules for the construction and installation of lifts - Part 1:
Electric lifts
Règles de sécurité pour la construction et l'installation des Sicherheitsregeln für die Konstruktion und den Einbau von
ascenseurs - Partie 1: Ascenseurs électriques Aufzügen - Teil 1: Elektrisch betriebene Personen- und
Lastenaufzüge
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 21 February 1998 and includes Corrigendum 1 issued by CEN on 22 September 1999,
Amendment 1 approved by CEN on 13 May 2005, Amendment 2 approved by CEN on 22 April 2004 and Amendment 3 approved by CEN
on 13 August 2009.
CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European
Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national
standards may be obtained on application to the CEN Management Centre or to any CEN member.

This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation
under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN Management Centre has the same status as the
official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland,
France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal,
Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.

EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION

EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG

Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels
© 2009 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN 81-1:1998+A3:2009: E
worldwide for CEN national Members.

Contents Page
Foreword .6
Introduction .8
1 Scope . 11
2 Normative references . 12
3 Terms and definitions . 14
4 Units and symbols . 17
4.1 Units . 17
4.2 Symbols . 17
5 Lift well . 18
5.1 General provisions . 18
5.2 Well enclosure . 18
5.3 Walls, floor and ceiling of the well . 21
5.4 Construction of the walls of lift wells and landing doors facing a car entrance . 22
5.5 Protection of any spaces located below the car, the counterweight or the balancing
weight . 23
5.6 Protection in the well . 23
5.7 Headroom and pit . 24
5.8 Exclusive use of the lift well . 26
5.9 Lighting of the well . 26
5.10 Emergency release . 26
6 Machinery and pulley spaces . 27
6.1 General provisions . 27
6.2 Access . 27
6.3 Machinery in machine room . 27
6.4 Machinery inside the well . 29
6.5 Machinery outside of the well . 34
6.6 Devices for emergency and test operations . 35
6.7 Construction and equipment of pulley spaces . 36
7 Landing doors . 37
7.1 General provisions . 37
7.2 Strength of doors and their frames. 38
7.3 Height and width of entrances . 39
7.4 Sills, guides, door suspension . 39
7.5 Protection in relation to door operation . 39
7.6 Local lighting and “car here” signal lights . 41
7.7 Locking and closed landing door check . 42
7.8 Closing of automatically operated doors . 45
8 Car, counterweight and balancing weight . 45
8.1 Height of car . 45
8.2 Available car area, rated load, number of passengers . 45
8.3 Walls, floor and roof of the car . 47
8.4 Apron . 48
8.5 Car entrance . 48
8.6 Car doors . 48
8.7 Protection during operation of doors . 50
8.8 Reversal of closing movement . 51
8.9 Electrical device for proving the car doors closed . 51
8.10 Sliding doors with multiple, mechanically linked panels . 51
8.11 Opening the car door . 52
8.12 Emergency trap doors and emergency doors . 52
8.13 Car roof . 53
8.14 Car header . 54
8.15 Equipment on top of the car . 54
8.16 Ventilation . 54
8.17 Lighting. 54
8.18 Counterweight and balancing weight . 55
9 %%%%Suspension, compensation, overspeed protection and protection against unintended
car movement&&&& . 55
9.1 Suspension . 55
9.2 Sheave, pulley, drum and rope diameter ratios, rope/chain terminations . 55
9.3 Rope traction . 56
9.4 Winding up of ropes for positive drive lifts . 56
9.5 Distribution of load between the ropes or the chains . 57
9.6 Compensation with ropes. 57
9.7 Protection for traction sheaves, pulleys and sprockets . 57
9.8 Safety gear . 59
9.9 Overspeed governor . 60
9.10 Ascending car overspeed protection means. 62
9.11 Protection against unintended car movement . 63
10 Guide rails, buffers and final limit switches . 66
10.1 General provisions concerning guide rails . 66
10.2 Guiding of the car, counterweight or balancing weight . 67
10.3 Car and counterweight buffers . 68
10.4 Stroke of car and counterweight buffers . 68
10.5 Final limit switches . 69
11 Clearances between car and wall facing the car entrance, and between car, counterweight
or balancing weight . 70
11.1 General provision . 70
11.2 Clearances between car and wall facing the car entrance . 71
11.3 Clearances between car, counterweight or balancing weight . 72
12 Lift machine . 72
12.1 General provision . 72
12.2 Drive of the car and the counterweight or balancing weight . 72
12.3 Use of overhung pulleys or sprockets . 72
12.4 Braking system . 73
12.5 Emergency operation . 74
12.6 Speed . 74
12.7 Stopping the machine and checking its stopped condition . 74
12.8 Monitoring the normal slowdown of the machine in case of reduced buffer stroke. 76
12.9 Safety devices against slack rope or slack chain . 76
12.10 Motor run time limiter . 77
12.11 Protection of machinery . 77
12.12 Normal stopping of the car at landings and levelling accuracy . 77
13 Electric installations and appliances . 78
13.1 General provisions . 78
13.2 Contactors, relay-contactors, components of safety circuits . 79
13.3 Protection of motors and other electrical equipment . 80
13.4 Main switches . 80
13.5 Electric wiring . 81
13.6 Lighting and socket outlets . 83
14 Protection against electric faults; controls; priorities . 83
14.1 Failure analysis and electric safety devices . 83
14.2 Controls . 95
15 Notices, markings and operating instructions . 99
15.1 General provisions . 99
15.2 Car . 100
15.3 Car roof . 101
15.4 ####Machinery and pulley spaces$$$$ . 101
15.5 Well . 102
15.6 Overspeed governor . 102
15.7 Pit . 102
15.8 Buffers . 102
15.9 Landing identification . 102
15.10 Electrical identification . 102
15.11 Unlocking key for landing doors . 103
15.12 Alarm device . 103
15.13 Locking devices . 103
15.14 Safety gear . 103
15.15 Groups of lifts . 103
15.16 Ascending car overspeed protection means . 103
16 Examinations - Tests - Register - Maintenance . 104
16.1 Examinations and tests . 104
16.2 Register . 104
16.3 Installer information . 105
Annex A (normative) List of the electric safety devices . 107
Annex B (normative) Unlocking triangle. 109
Annex C (informative) Technical dossier . 110
C.1 Introduction . 110
C.2 General . 110
C.3 Technical details and plans . 110
C.4 Electric schematic diagrams . 111
C.5 Verification of conformity . 111
Annex D (normative) Examinations and tests before putting into service . 112
D.1 Examinations . 112
D.2 Tests and verifications . 112
Annex E (informative) Periodical examinations and tests, examinations and tests after an
important modification or after an accident . 116
E.1 Periodical examinations and tests . 116
E.2 Examinations and tests after an important modification or after an accident . 116
Annex F (normative) Safety components - Test procedures for verification of conformity . 118
F.1 Landing door locking devices . 120
F.2 Kept free . 124
F.3 Safety gear . 124
F.4 Overspeed governors . 130
F.5 Buffers . 132
F.6 !!!!Safety circuits containing electronic components and/or programmable electronic
systems (PESSRAL)"" . 138
""
F.7 Ascending car overspeed protection means . 141
F.8 Unintended car movement protection means . 143
Annex G (informative) Proof of guide rails . 148
G.1 General . 148
G.2 Loads and forces . 148
G.3 Load cases . 150
G.4 Impact factors . 150
G.5 Calculations . 151
G.6 Permissible deflections . 158
G.7 Examples of calculation method . 158
Annex H (normative) Electronic components - Failure exclusion . 183
Annex J (normative) Pendulum shock tests . 191
J.1 General . 191
J.2 Test rig . 191
J.3 Panels . 191
J.4 Test procedure . 192
J.5 Interpretation of the results . 192
J.6 Test report . 192
J.7 Exceptions from the tests. 193
Annex K (normative) Top clearances for traction drive lifts . 197
Annex L (normative) Necessary buffer stroke . 198
Annex M (informative) Traction evaluation . 199
M.1 Introduction . 199
M.2 Traction calculation . 199
M.3 Practical example . 204
Annex N (normative) Evaluation of safety factor for suspension ropes . 207
N.1 General . 207
N.2 Equivalent number N of pulleys. 207
equiv
N.3 Safety factor . 208
N.4 Examples . 210
Annex O (informative) #Machinery spaces - Access (6.1)$ . 212
Annex P (informative) !Description of possible measures" . 213
Annex ZA (informative) %Relationship between this European Standard and the Essential
Requirements of EC Directive 95/16/EC amended by Directive 2006/42/EC& . 218

Foreword
This document (EN 81-1:1998+A3:2009) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 10 "Lifts,
escalators and moving walks", the secretariat of which is held by AFNOR.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical
text or by endorsement, at the latest by June 2010, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at
the latest by June 2011.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. CEN [and/or CENELEC] shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 21 February 1998 and includes Corrigendum 1 issued by
CEN on 22 September 1999, Amendment 1 approved by CEN on 13 May 2005, Amendment 2 approved by
CEN on 22 April 2004 and Amendment 3 approved by CEN on 13 August 2009.
This document will supersede %EN 81-1:1998.&
The start and finish of text introduced or altered by amendment is indicated in the text by tags
!", # $ and % &.
The modifications of the related CEN Corrigendum have been implemented at the appropriate places in the
text and are indicated by the tags ˜ ™.
This European Standard has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission
and the European Free Trade Association, and supports essential requirements of EU Directive(s).
For relationship with EU Directive(s), see informative Annex ZA, which is an integral part of this standard.
This is the third edition of the standard. It is an amendment of the 1985 edition and shall be given the status of
a harmonised standard. The amendment is mainly based on the following points:
 elimination of national deviations;
 incorporation of essential health and safety requirements from the relevant EU Directives;
 elimination of obvious errors;
 incorporation of proposals resulting from interpretation requests dealing with the improvement relative to
the progress in technology;
 improvement of the references to other standards according to the progress in that field.
After the CEN Enquiry on prEN81-1:1994 the EU Directive on Lifts (95/16/EC) was adopted. The requirements
resulting from the essential health and safety requirements of this Directive being not taken into consideration
in the draft have been summarised in the Addendum prA1:1996 to prEN81-1:1994 and submitted to the
members of CEN/TC 10 for approval. Having received the approval this Addendum has been incorporated
into this standard taking into account the comments received from TC members.
This standard does not correspond in all points to the present internal rules of CEN regarding the format of
safety standards. However, the format of this standard has been accepted by the interested parties and is
therefore regarded as the better way of implementation of the essential health and safety requirements than a
formalistic re-draft. This is mainly because of the coming into force of the EU Directive 95/16/EC on 97-07-01.
With the next revision of the standard, being already intended, these shortcomings will be removed.
% Amendment 3 is needed on one hand because of the revision of the machinery directive, amendment of
the lifts directive, and on the other hand because of improvements in the state of the art.
New ESR's in the revised machinery directive give new requirements for the fixation of protective guards. The
amendment is addressing these new requirements.
Furthermore the borderline between the scope of the machinery directive and the lifts directive has changed.
As a result of this the scope of EN 81-1 (and EN 81-2) is revised by means of this amendment.
Additionally this amendment is giving more severe requirements for (1) measures against the risk of stumbling
during loading and unloading, and for (2) measures against the risks due to uncontrolled movements. These
requirements are not linked to the revision of the machinery directive, but are a result of improved state of the
art. By means of this amendment, an improved conformity to the relevant ESR's in the Lifts Directive and
Machinery Directive is achieved.&
According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following
countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech
Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia,
Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain,
Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.
Introduction
0.1 General
0.1.1 The object of this standard is to define safety rules related to passenger- and goods/passenger-lifts
with a view to safeguarding persons and objects against the risk of accidents associated with the user-,
1)
maintenance- and emergency operation of lifts
0.1.2 A study has been made of the various aspects of incidents possible with lifts in the following areas:
0.1.2.1 Risks possible due to:
a) shearing;
b) crushing;
c) falling;
d) impact;
e) trapping;
f) fire;
g) electric shock;
h) failure of material due to:
1) mechanical damage;
2) wear;
3) corrosion.
0.1.2.2 Persons to be safeguarded:
a) users;
b) maintenance and inspection personnel;
c) persons outside the lift well, the machine room and pulley room (if any).
0.1.2.3 Objects to be safeguarded:
a) loads in car;
1) Within CEN/TC 10 an interpretation committee has been established to answer questions about the spirit in which the
experts have drafted the various clauses of this standard. The issued interpretations are available from National Standards
Bodies.
b) components of the lift installation;
c) building in which the lift is installed.
0.2 Principles
In drawing up this standard the following have been used.
0.2.1 This standard does not repeat all the general technical rules applicable to every electrical,
mechanical, or building construction including the protection of building elements against fire.
It has, however, seemed necessary to establish certain requirements of good construction, either because
they are peculiar to lift manufacture or because in the case of lift utilization the requirements may be more
stringent than elsewhere.
0.2.2 This standard does not only address the essential safety requirements of the Lift Directive, but
additionally states minimum rules for the installation of lifts into buildings/constructions. There may be in some
countries regulations for the construction of buildings etc. which cannot be ignored.
Typical clauses affected by this are those defining minimum values for the height of the machine and pulley
rooms and for their access doors dimensions.
0.2.3 When the weight, size and/or shape of components prevent them from being moved by hand, they
are:
a) either fitted with attachments for lifting gear, or
b) designed so that they can be fitted with such attachments (e.g. by means of threaded holes),
or
c) shaped in such a way that standard lifting gear can easily be attached.
0.2.4 As far as possible the standard sets out only the requirements that materials and equipment have to
meet in the interests of safe operation of lifts.
0.2.5 Negotiations have been made between the customer and the supplier about:
a) the intended use of the lift;
b) environmental conditions;
c) civil engineering problems;
d) other aspects related to the place of installation.
!
0.2.6 Risk analysis, terminology and technical solutions have been considered taking into account the
methods of the EN 61508 series of standards. This led to a necessary classification of safety functions applied
to PESSRAL."
0.3 Assumptions
Possible risks have been considered of each component that may be incorporated in a complete lift
installation.
Rules have been drawn up accordingly.
0.3.1 Components are:
a) designed in accordance with usual engineering practice and calculation codes, taking into account all
failure modes;
b) of sound mechanical and electrical construction;
c) made of materials with adequate strength and of suitable quality;
d) be free of defects.
Harmful materials such as asbestos are not used.
0.3.2 Components are kept in good repair and working order, so that the required dimensions remain
fulfilled despite wear.
0.3.3 Components will be selected and installed so that foreseeable environmental influences and special
working conditions do not affect the safe operation of the lift.
0.3.4 By design of the load bearing elements, a safe operation of the lift is assured for loads ranging from 0
% to 100 % of the rated load.
!
0.3.5 The requirements of this European Standard regarding electrical safety devices are such that the
possibility of a failure of an electric safety device (see 14.1.2.1.1 b)) complying with all the requirements of this
European Standard need not to be taken into consideration."
0.3.6 Users have to be safeguarded against their own negligence and unwitting carelessness when using
the lift in the intended way.
0.3.7 A user may, in certain cases, make one imprudent act. The possibility of two simultaneous acts of
imprudence and/or the abuse of instructions for use is not considered.
0.3.8 If in the course of maintenance work a safety device, normally not accessible to the users, is
deliberately neutralised, safe operation of the lift is no longer assured, but compensatory measures will be
taken to ensure users safety in conformity with maintenance instructions.
It is assumed that maintenance personnel is instructed and works according to the instructions.
0.3.9 For horizontal forces, the following have been used:
a) static force: 300 N;
b) force resulting from impact: 1000 N;
reflecting the values that one person can exert.
0.3.10 With the exception of the items listed below, a mechanical device built according to good practice
and the requirements of the standard will not deteriorate to a point of creating hazard without the possibility of
detection.
The following mechanical failures are considered:
a) breakage of the suspension;
b) uncontrolled slipping of the ropes on the traction sheave;
c) breakage and slackening of all linkage by auxiliary ropes, chains and belts;
d) failure of one of the mechanical components of the electromechanical brake which take part in the
application of the braking action on the drum or disk;
e) failure of a component associated with the main drive elements and the traction sheave.
0.3.11 The possibility of the safety gear not setting, should the car free fall from the lowest landing, before
the car strikes the buffer(s) is considered acceptable.
0.3.12 When the speed of the car is linked to the electrical frequency of the mains up to the moment of
application of the mechanical brake, the speed is assumed not to exceed 115 % of the rated speed or a
corresponding fractional speed.
0.3.13 The organisation within the building, where the lift is installed, is such that it can respond effectively
to emergency calls without undue delay (see 0.2.5).
0.3.14 Means of access are provided for the hoisting of heavy equipment (see 0.2.5).
0.3.15 #To ensure the correct functioning of the equipment in the machinery space(s), i.e. taking into
account the heat dissipated by the equipment, the ambient temperature in the machinery space(s) is assumed
to be maintained between + 5 °C and + 40 °C.$
#
0.3.16 Access ways to the working areas are adequately lit (see 0.2.5).
0.3.17 Minimum passageways required by building regulations are not obstructed by the open door/trap of
the lift and/or any protection means for working areas outside of the well, where fitted according to the
maintenance instructions (see 0.2.5).
0.3.18 Where more than one person is working at the same time on a lift, an adequate means of
communication between these persons is ensured.$
%
0.3.19 The fixing system of guards, used specifically to provide protection against mechanical, electrical or
any other hazards by means of a physical barrier, which have to be removed during regular maintenance and
inspection, remains attached to the guard or to the equipment when the guard is removed.&
1 Scope
1.1 This standard specifies the safety rules for the construction and installation of permanently installed new
electric lifts, with traction or positive drive, serving defined landing levels, having a car designed for the
transportation of persons or persons and goods, suspended by ropes or chains and moving between
guide rails inclined not more than 15° to the vertical.
1.2 In addition to the requirements of this standard supplementary requirements shall be considered in
special cases (potentially explosive atmosphere, extreme climate conditions, seismic conditions,
transporting dangerous goods, etc.).
1.3 This standard does not cover:
a) lifts with drives other than those stated in 1.1;
2)
b) installation of electric lifts in existing buildings to the extent that space does not permit;
c) important modifications (see annex E) to a lift installed before this standard is brought into application;
d) lifting appliances, such as paternosters, mine lifts, theatrical lifts, appliances with automatic caging, skips,
lifts and hoists for building and public works sites, ships' hoists, platforms for exploration or drilling at sea,
construction and maintenance appliances;
e) installations where the inclination of the guide rails to the vertical exceeds 15°;
f) safety during transport, installation, repairs, and dismantling of lifts;
%
g) lifts with rated speed ≤ 0.15 m/s.&
However, this standard may usefully be taken as a basis.
Noise and vibrations are not dealt with in this standard because these are not relevant to the safe use of the
lift.
1.4 This standard does not specify the additional requirements necessary for the use of lifts in case of fire.
2 Normative references
This European standard incorporates by dated or undated reference, provisions from other publications.
These normative references are cited at the appropriate places in the text and the publicat
...