EN ISO 22282-2:2012

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-december-2012
*HRWHKQLþQRSUHLVNRYDQMHLQSUHVNXãDQMH+LGURJHRORãNHSUHLVNDYHGHO
8JRWDYOMDQMHYRGRSUHSXVWQRVWLYYUWLQL]XSRUDERRGSUWLKVLVWHPRY,62

Geotechnical investigation and testing - Geohydraulic testing - Part 2: Water permeability
tests in a borehole using open systems (ISO 22282-2:2012)
Geotechnische Erkundung und Untersuchung - Geohydraulische Versuche - Teil 2:
Wasserdurchlässigkeitsversuche in einem Bohrloch unter Anwendung offener Systeme
(ISO 22282-2:2012)
Reconnaissance et essais géotechniques - Essais géohydrauliques - Partie 2: Essais de
perméabilité à l'eau dans un forage en tube ouvert (ISO 22282-2:2012)
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN ISO 22282-2:2012
ICS:
93.020 Zemeljska dela. Izkopavanja. Earthworks. Excavations.
Gradnja temeljev. Dela pod Foundation construction.
zemljo Underground works
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

EUROPEAN STANDARD
EN ISO 22282-2
NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
June 2012
ICS 93.020
English Version
Geotechnical investigation and testing - Geohydraulic testing -
Part 2: Water permeability tests in a borehole using open
systems (ISO 22282-2:2012)
Reconnaissance et essais géotechniques - Essais Geotechnische Erkundung und Untersuchung -
géohydrauliques - Partie 2: Essais de perméabilité à l'eau Geohydraulische Versuche - Teil 2:
dans un forage en tube ouvert (ISO 22282-2:2012) Wasserdurchlässigkeitsversuche in einem Bohrloch unter
Anwendung offener Systeme (ISO 22282-2:2012)
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 31 May 2012.

CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European
Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national
standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member.

This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation
under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same
status as the official versions.

CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland,
Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United Kingdom.

EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION

EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG

Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels
© 2012 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN ISO 22282-2:2012: E
worldwide for CEN national Members.

Contents Page
Foreword .3

Foreword
This document (EN ISO 22282-2:2012) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 341
“Geotechnical Investigation and Testing", the secretariat of which is held by ELOT, in collaboration with
Technical Committee ISO/TC 182 "Geotechnics".
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical
text or by endorsement, at the latest by December 2012, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn
at the latest by December 2012.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. CEN [and/or CENELEC] shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organisations of the following
countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech
Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia,
Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain,
Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom.

INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 22282-2
First edition
2012-06-01
Geotechnical investigation and testing —
Geohydraulic testing —
Part 2:
Water permeability tests in a borehole
using open systems
Reconnaissance et essais géotechniques — Essais géohydrauliques —
Partie 2: Essais de perméabilité à l’eau dans un forage en tube ouvert
Reference number
ISO 22282-2:2012(E)
©
ISO 2012
ISO 22282-2:2012(E)
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means,
electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from either ISO at the address below or ISO’s
member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
Case postale 56 • CH-1211 Geneva 20
Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11
Fax + 41 22 749 09 47
E-mail copyright@iso.org
Web www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii © ISO 2012 – All rights reserved

ISO 22282-2:2012(E)
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms, definitions and symbols . 1
3.1 Terms and definitions . 1
3.2 Symbols . 1
4 Test principle . 2
5 Equipment . 2
6 Test procedure . 3
6.1 Preparation of a test section . 3
6.2 Conducting the test . 9
7 Test results .10
7.1 Constant flow rate test method .10
7.2 Variable head test method .10
7.3 Constant head test method . 11
8 Reports . 11
8.1 Field report . 11
8.2 Test report .12
Annex A (informative) Example of record of measured values and test results .13
Annex B (informative) Interpretation of test results .14
Bibliography .27
ISO 22282-2:2012(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies
(ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO
technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been
established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and
non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International
Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards
adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an
International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
ISO 22282-2 was prepared by the European Committee for Standardization (CEN) Technical Committee
CEN/TC 341, Geotechnical investigation and testing, in collaboration with Technical Committee ISO/TC 182,
Geotechnics, Subcommittee SC 1, Geotechnical investigation and testing, in accordance with the Agreement
on technical cooperation between ISO and CEN (Vienna Agreement).
ISO 22282 consists of the following parts, under the general title Geotechnical investigation and testing —
Geohydraulic testing:
— Part 1: General rules
— Part 2: Water permeability tests in a borehole using open systems
— Part 3: Water pressure tests in rock
— Part 4: Pumping tests
— Part 5: Infiltrometer tests
— Part 6: Water permeability tests in a borehole using closed systems
iv © ISO 2012 – All rights reserved

INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 22282-2:2012(E)
Geotechnical investigation and testing — Geohydraulic testing —
Part 2:
Water permeability tests in a borehole using open systems
1 Scope
This part of ISO 22282 specifies requirements for the determination of the local permeability in soils and rocks
below and above groundwater level in an open hole by water permeability tests as part of the geotechnical
investigation services according to EN 1997-1 and EN 1997-2.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated
references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document
(including any amendments) applies.
ISO 14688-1, Geotechnical investigation and testing ― Identification and classification of soil ― Part 1:
Identification and description
ISO 14689-1, Geotechnical investigation and testing ― Identification and classification of rock ― Part 1:
Identification and description
ISO 22282-1: 2011, Geotechnical investigation and testing — Geohydraulic testing — Part 1: General rules
ISO 22475-1, Geotechnical investigation and testing — Sampling methods and groundwater measurements —
Part 1: Technical principles for execution
3 Terms, definitions and symbols
3.1 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 22475-1 and ISO 22282-1 apply.
3.2 Symbols
For the purposes of this document, the symbols given in Table 1 apply.
ISO 22282-2:2012(E)
Table 1 — Symbols
Symbol Designation Unit
A area of the inner cross-section of the casing m
c
A area of the water surface in the reservoir m
r
D borehole diameter, diameter of the test section m
F shape factor m
h hydraulic head of the test m
h , h , h applied hydraulic heads m
1 2 3
h distance of the water level from the ground level m
o
Δh change in hydraulic head m
k
permeability coefficient m/s
k field saturated permeability coefficient m/s
fs
L
length (height) of the test section m
Q
flow rate m /s
r
radius –
S
storage coefficient –
T transmissivity –
t time needed to reach the equilibrium s
i
t time s
t time at start of test s
o

volume flow rate
V
4 Test principle
The test is based on the assumption that the test section is isolated and located above or below the
groundwater surface.
The results can vary depending on the test type chosen (water withdrawal or injection) according to the purpose
of the test.
Three test methods are available:
−6
a) Constant flow rate test method (suitable for k-value greater than 10 m/s)
This test consists of producing a change in hydraulic head in a section of a borehole by injecting or withdrawing
a constant flow rate. The change in hydraulic head is measured against time.
−6 −9
b) Variable head test method (suitable for k-value between 10 m/s and 10 m/s)
This test consists of producing an instant change in hydraulic head in a section of a borehole. The change in
hydraulic head is measured against time.
−4 −7
c) Constant head test method (suitable for k-value between 10 m/s and 10 m/s)
This test consists of maintaining a constant hydraulic head in a section of a borehole. The flow rate is measured
against time.
5 Equipment
In addition to a casing or a piezometer, the following equipment is necessary:
a) water supply or plain rod for the falling head test;
2 © ISO 2012 – All rights reserved

ISO 22282-2:2012(E)
b) pump or bail system for the rising head test;
c) device to determine the flow rate with an accuracy of 5 % of the measuring range for constant head and
constant flow;
d) device to maintain the flow rate for constant flow;
e) perforated tube and/or filter material (for filter criteria see ISO 22282-1);
f) device to measure the water level in the casing or piezometer with an accuracy of 0,01 m;
g) a time measuring and/or recording device, reading in s.
All the equipment and measuring devices shall be calibrated according to their use, either periodically or before
they are used.
6 Test procedure
6.1 Preparation of a test section
6.1.1 General
The test section shall be prepared in accordance with ISO 22282-1: 2011, Annex A.
6.1.2 Preparation of a test section in non-stable soil and rock below the groundwater surface
Drilling shall be executed with the use of a casing. After drilling the test section and cleaning the borehole, the
test section shall be prepared according to one of these three alternatives (see Figure 1):
a) A perforated tube that is closed by a perforated or closed disc at the bottom shall be installed through the
casing tube in the test section [Figure 1 a)]. After that the casing tube shall be withdrawn by the length L
shortly above the upper end of the perforated section.
NOTE If the bottom of the boreholes cannot be cleaned, a full disc can be used at the bottom of the tube. In this
case a specific shape factor is used (see ISO 22282-1).
b) Before withdrawing the casing tube, an appropriate filter material shall be filled into the test section. After
that the casing tube shall be withdrawn up to the upper edge of the filter [Figure 1 b)].
c) Open end test: the test is performed at the bottom of the casing through the open section of diameter D
[Figure 1 c)].
ISO 22282-2:2012(E)
a)  With perforated tube b) With filter material
Key
1 ground
2 top surface
3 water table
4 test section
5 perforated or closed disc
6 casing
7 perforated tube
8 filter pack
L length of the test section
D diameter of the test section
4 © ISO 2012 – All rights reserved

ISO 22282-2:2012(E)
c)  Open end test
Key
1 ground
2 top surface
3 water table
4 casing
D diameter of the test section
Figure 1 — Test section in non-stable soil and rock
6.1.3 Preparation of a test section in stable soil and rock
After drilling the test section and cleaning the borehole, the test section shall be prepared according to one of
the following alternatives (see Figure 2):
a) A packer is inflated above the test section [Figure 2 a)]. A perforated tube can be used below the packer.
b) In a temporary open piezometer, a perforated tube shall be used in the test section. An appropriate filter
material shall fill the space between the tube and the borehole wall into the test section. A sealing plug
shall be installed above the filter pack [Figure 2 b)].
c) Before withdrawing the casing tube, an appropriate filter material shall be filled into the test section. After
that the casing tube shall be withdrawn up to the upper edge of the test section [Figure 2 c)].
d) The same preparation as in c), but without filter material [Figure 2 d)].
ISO 22282-2:2012(E)
a)  With packer b)  Temporary piezometer
Key Key
1 ground 1 ground
2 measuring tube 2 top surface
3 water table 3 water table
4 test section 4 test section
5 packer 5 sealing plug
6 cavity 6 measuring tube
L length of the test section 7 filter pack
D diameter of the test section L length of the test section
D diameter of the test section
6 © ISO 2012 – All rights reserved

ISO 22282-2:2012(E)
c) With filter material d) Without filter material
Key
1 ground
2 top surface
3 water table
4 test section
5 casing
6 filter material
L length of the test section
D diameter of the test section
Figure 2 — Example of test section in stable soil and rock
6.1.4 Preparation of the test section in unsaturated conditions
Measurement of permeability in unsaturated soils is made by injecting water into the test section.
During infiltration created by the permeability test, a field-saturated condition develops around the test section.
Full saturation does not occur due to entrapped air remaining in the soil or provided by the injected fluid. This
may reduce the permeability measured in the field.
When testing unsaturated coarse soils (typically gravels and sands), the flow of water is not spherical or
ellipsoidal as observed below water table in homogeneous soils (Figure 3). The flow net is affected by gravity
and shall be described by specific equations such as those provided in B.5.
ISO 22282-2:2012(E)
a)  Saturated conditions b)  Unsaturated conditions
Figure 3 — Water flow in coarse soils
In low permeability soils (silts and clays) the effect of suction at the wetting front can affect the test results, particularly
if the initial saturation of the soil is low. In order to avoid or limit the effect of suction, the soil around the test section
should be pre-saturated prior to proper permeability measurement. This phase creates a saturated bulb around the
test section wall. The equations used to compute the test data in saturated conditions may be used.
The duration of the saturation phase depends on the permeability of the soil in the test section (Figure 4). The
total amount of infiltrated water during the saturation phase shall be recorded.
Figure 4 — Recommended duration of saturation phase
8 © ISO 2012 – All rights reserved

ISO 22282-2:2012(E)
6.2 Conducting the test
6.2.1 General
All test methods can be executed as multi-step tests applying different hydraulic heads or flow rates.
6.2.2 Constant flow rate test method
−6
The constant flow rate test method is generally suitable for k-values greater than 10 m/s.
Before starting the test, the water level shall be measured
...