EN ISO 23936-1:2022

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-december-2022
Nadomešča:
SIST EN ISO 23936-1:2009
Naftna in plinska industrija, vključno z nizkoogljično energijo - Nekovinski
materiali v stiku z mediji v povezavi s proizvodnjo nafte in plina - 1. del: Plastomeri
(ISO 23936-1:2022)
Oil and gas industries including lower carbon energy - Non-metallic materials in contact
with media related to oil and gas production - Part 1: Thermoplastics (ISO 23936-1:2022)
Erdöl-, petrochemische und Erdgasindustrie - Nichtmetallische Werkstoffe mit
Medienkontakt bei der Öl- und Gasproduktion - Teil 1: Thermoplaste (ISO 23936-1:2022)
Industries du pétrole et du gaz y compris les énergies à faible teneur en carbone -
Matériaux non-métalliques en contact avec les fluides relatifs à la production de pétrole
et de gaz - Partie 1: Matières thermoplastiques (ISO 23936-1:2022)
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN ISO 23936-1:2022
ICS:
75.180.01 Oprema za industrijo nafte in Equipment for petroleum and
zemeljskega plina na splošno natural gas industries in
general
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

EN ISO 23936-1
EUROPEAN STANDARD
NORME EUROPÉENNE
September 2022
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
ICS 75.180.01 Supersedes EN ISO 23936-1:2009
English Version
Oil and gas industries including lower carbon energy -
Non-metallic materials in contact with media related to oil
and gas production - Part 1: Thermoplastics (ISO 23936-
1:2022)
Industries du pétrole et du gaz y compris les énergies à Erdöl-, petrochemische und Erdgasindustrie -
faible teneur en carbone - Matériaux non-métalliques Nichtmetallische Werkstoffe mit Medienkontakt bei
en contact avec les fluides relatifs à la production de der Öl- und Gasproduktion - Teil 1: Thermoplaste (ISO
pétrole et de gaz - Partie 1: Matières thermoplastiques 23936-1:2022)
(ISO 23936-1:2022)
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 23 May 2022.

CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this
European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references
concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN
member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by
translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management
Centre has the same status as the official versions.

CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway,
Poland, Portugal, Republic of North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Türkiye and
United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION

EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG

CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Rue de la Science 23, B-1040 Brussels
© 2022 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN ISO 23936-1:2022 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.

Contents Page
European foreword . 3

European foreword
This document (EN ISO 23936-1:2022) has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 67 "Oil and
gas industries including lower carbon energy" in collaboration with Technical Committee CEN/TC 12
“Materials, equipment and offshore structures for petroleum, petrochemical and natural gas industries”
the secretariat of which is held by NEN.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an
identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by March 2023, and conflicting national standards shall
be withdrawn at the latest by March 2023.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. CEN shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
This document supersedes EN ISO 23936-1:2009.
Any feedback and questions on this document should be directed to the users’ national standards
body/national committee. A complete listing of these bodies can be found on the CEN website.
According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the
following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria,
Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland,
Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Republic of
North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Türkiye and the
United Kingdom.
Endorsement notice
The text of ISO 23936-1:2022 has been approved by CEN as EN ISO 23936-1:2022 without any
modification.
INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 23936-1
Second edition
2022-08
Oil and gas industries including
lower carbon energy — Non-metallic
materials in contact with media
related to oil and gas production —
Part 1:
Thermoplastics
Industries du pétrole et du gaz y compris les énergies à faible teneur
en carbone — Matériaux non-métalliques en contact avec les fluides
relatifs à la production pétrole et de gaz —
Partie 1: Matières thermoplastiques
Reference number
ISO 23936-1:2022(E)
ISO 23936-1:2022(E)
© ISO 2022
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may
be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on
the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below
or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
CP 401 • Ch. de Blandonnet 8
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva
Phone: +41 22 749 01 11
Email: copyright@iso.org
Website: www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii
ISO 23936-1:2022(E)
Contents Page
Foreword .v
Introduction . vi
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms, definitions and abbreviated terms . 2
3.1 Terms and definitions . 2
3.2 Abbreviated terms . 4
4 Technical requirements . 5
4.1 General requirements . 5
4.2 Cautionary remarks . 6
4.3 Traceability . 6
4.4 Test specimen identification . 7
4.4.1 Coding overview . 7
4.4.2 Moulding . 7
4.4.3 Orientation. 8
4.4.4 Form. 8
4.4.5 Post treatment . 8
4.4.6 Shaping . 8
4.4.7 Test specimen fabrication for Level 2, Level 3 and Level 4 ageing
experiments . 8
4.5 Validation of conformance . 9
5 Level 1 – Material property characterization . 9
5.1 General . 9
5.2 Reporting . 10
5.2.1 Material data report . 10
5.2.2 Certificate of conformance . 11
6 Level 2 – Material stability (short-term) .11
6.1 General . 11
6.2 Test criteria . 11
6.2.1 General . 11
6.2.2 Exposure temperature . 11
6.2.3 Exposure durations . 11
6.2.4 Test fluids . . . 11
6.2.5 Property test methods .12
6.2.6 Threshold criteria .13
6.3 Preconditioning considerations . 13
6.4 Reporting . 13
7 Level 3 – Material stability (accelerated) .14
7.1 General . 14
7.2 Exposure temperatures . . 14
7.3 Exposure durations . 14
7.4 Exposure fluids . 15
7.5 Initial swelling . 15
7.6 Property test methods. 15
7.7 Threshold criteria .15
7.8 Preconditioning considerations . 15
7.9 Reporting . 16
8 Level 4 – Material stability (long-term) .16
8.1 General requirements for Level 4 evaluation. 16
8.2 Exposure temperatures . 16
8.3 Exposure durations . 17
iii
ISO 23936-1:2022(E)
8.4 Exposure fluids . 17
8.5 Initial swelling . 17
8.6 Property test methods. 17
8.7 Guidance for selection of Level 4 test methods . 17
8.8 Preconditioning considerations . 17
8.9 Evaluation of data for Level 4 . 17
8.10 Threshold baseline . 18
8.11 Threshold criteria . 18
Annex A (normative) Test media, conditions, equipment and procedures for ageing
of thermoplastic materials .19
Annex B (informative) Long-term life estimation methodology .35
Bibliography .46
iv
ISO 23936-1:2022(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and
expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to
the World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see
www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 67, Oil and gas industries including lower
carbon energy, in collaboration with the European Committee for Standardization (CEN) Technical
Committee CEN/TC 12, Materials, equipment and offshore structures for petroleum, petrochemical and
natural gas industries, in accordance with the Agreement on technical cooperation between ISO and
CEN (Vienna Agreement).
This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO 23936-1:2009), which has been
technically revised.
The main changes are as follows:
— added a short-term, single temperature 28-day non-H S material stability evaluation as Level 2;
— added a 56-day total duration target for the traditional three temperature Arrhenius material
degradation evaluation as Level 3 and this is very similar to the previous edition;
— moved the life estimation analysis requirement to Level 4 and this new section has a 180-day total
duration target for the Arrhenius material degradation evaluation;
— added life estimation analysis examples for plastics.
A list of all parts in the ISO 23936 series can be found on the ISO website.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www.iso.org/members.html.
v
ISO 23936-1:2022(E)
Introduction
Non-metallic materials are used in the petroleum, petrochemical and natural gas industries for a wide
range of components. The purpose of this document is to establish requirements and guidelines for
systematic and effective planning, for non-metallic material selection to achieve cost effective technical
solutions, taking into account possible constraints due to safety and/or environmental issues.
This document will be of benefit to a broad industry group ranging from operators and suppliers to
engineers and authorities. It covers relevant generic types of non-metallic material (e.g. thermoplastics,
elastomers, thermosetting plastics) and includes the widest range of existing technical experience.
Coatings are excluded from the scope of this document.
This document complements the ISO 15156 series on metallic materials in sour service. It differs in the
form of guidance provided to the user related to the potential degradation of desired properties when
used in equipment for oil and gas production environments. The ISO 15156 series provides application
limits and qualification requirements for metallic materials in H S-containing environments, which are
related solely to relevant environmentally assisted cracking mechanisms.
This document recognizes that a wider range of compounds and parameters influence the degradation
of non-metallic materials and thus provides guidance to permit selection of materials for hydrocarbon
exploration and production applications based upon stability in appropriate test conditions.
vi
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 23936-1:2022(E)
Oil and gas industries including lower carbon energy —
Non-metallic materials in contact with media related to oil
and gas production —
Part 1:
Thermoplastics
CAUTION — The non-metallic materials selected using this document are resistant to the given
environments in the petroleum and natural gas industries, but not necessarily immune under
all service conditions. This document allocates responsibility for suitability for the intended
service in all cases to the equipment user.
1 Scope
This document gives general principles, specifies requirements and gives recommendations for the
assessment of the stability of non-metallic materials for service in equipment used in oil and gas
exploration and production environments. This information aids in material selection. It can be applied
to help avoid costly degradation failures of the equipment itself, which could pose a risk to the health
and safety of the public and personnel or the environment. This document also provides guidance
for quality assurance. It supplements but does not replace, the material requirements given in the
appropriate design codes, standards or regulations.
This document addresses the resistance of thermoplastics to the deterioration in properties that can
be caused by physical or chemical interaction with produced and injected oil and gas-field media, and
with chemical treatment. Interaction with sunlight and ionizing radiation are excluded from the scope
of this document.
This document is not necessarily suitable for application to equipment used in refining or downstream
processes and equipment.
The equipment considered includes, but is not limited to, non-metallic pipelines, piping, liners, seals,
gaskets and washers.
Blistering by rapid gas decompression is not included in the scope of this document.
This document applies to the assessment of the stability of non-metallic materials in simulated
hydrocarbon production conditions to aid the selection of materials for equipment designed and
constructed using conventional design criteria. Designs utilizing other criteria are excluded from its
scope.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 75-1, Plastics — Determination of temperature of deflection under load — Part 1: General test method
ISO 75-2, Plastics — Determination of temperature of deflection under load — Part 2: Plastics and ebonite
ISO 178, Plastics — Determination of flexural properties
ISO 306, Plastics — Thermoplastic materials — Determination of Vicat softening temperature (VST)
ISO 23936-1:2022(E)
ISO 527-1, Plastics — Determination of tensile properties — Part 1: General principles
ISO 604, Plastics — Determination of compressive properties
ISO 868, Plastics and ebonite — Determination of indentation hardness by means of a durometer (Shore
hardness)
ISO 1183-1, Plastics — Methods for determining the density of non-cellular plastics — Part 1: Immersion
method, liquid pycnometer method and titration method
ISO 2039-2, Plastics — Determination of hardness — Part 2: Rockwell hardness
ISO 3451-1, Plastics — Determination of ash — Part 1: General methods
ISO 6721-11, Plastics — Determination of dynamic mechanical properties — Part 11: Glass transition
temperature
ISO 11357-2, Plastics — Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) — Part 2: Determination of glass transition
temperature and step height
ASTM D638, Standard Test Method for Tensile Properties of Plastics
ASTM D648, Standard Test Method for Deflection Temperature of Plastics Under Flexural Load in the
Edgewise Position
ASTM D695, Standard Test Method for Compressive Properties of Rigid Plastics
ASTM D785, Standard Test Method for Rockwell Hardness of Plastics and Electrical Insulating Materials
ASTM D790, Standard Test Methods for Flexural Properties of Unreinforced and Reinforced Plastics and
Electrical Insulating Materials
ASTM D792, Standard Test Methods for Density and Specific Gravity (Relative Density) of Plastics by
Displacement
ASTM E1640, Standard Test Method for Assignment of the Glass Transition Temperature By Dynamic
Mechanical Analysis
ASTM D1708, Standard Test Method for Tensile Properties of Plastics by Use of Microtensile Specimens
ASTM D2240, Standard Test Method for Rubber Property-Durometer Hardness
ASTM D5630, Standard Test Method for Ash Content in Plastics
3 Terms, definitions and abbreviated terms
3.1 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminology databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https:// www .iso .org/ obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at https:// www .electropedia .org/
3.1.1
batch
specified quantity of raw material, packaging material or product issued from one process or series of
processes so that it could be expected to be homogeneous
[SOURCE: ISO 22716:2007, 2.3 with modification: “defined” changed into “specified”]
ISO 23936-1:2022(E)
3.1.2
certificate of conformance
document issued by the manufacturer in accordance with specific requirements
Note 1 to entry: The specific requirements shall be the requirement stated in this document or in the purchase
order.
3.1.3
component
individual, finished thermoplastic shape
3.1.4
compound
intimate mixture of a polymer or polymers with other ingredients such as fillers, plasticizers, catalysts
and colorants
[SOURCE: ISO 472:2013, 2.184]
3.1.5
conversion process
manufacturing process that converts a compound into a plastic shape or component
3.1.6
end user
oil and/or gas operating company
3.1.7
fluid
liquid or gas
3.1.8
gasket
sealing component compressed in a joint
3.1.9
glass transition temperature
temperature of a thermoplastic material at which its mechanical properties change from elastic (glassy)
to viscous (rubbery)
3.1.10
liner
thermoplastic material for protection of medium-contacted surfaces of pipes, piping, pipelines or
equipment
3.1.11
lot
part of a batch or part of a continuously manufactured thermoplastic material
3.1.12
maximum operating temperature
maximum temperature to which a component is subjected, including deviations from normal operations,
such as start-up/shutdown
3.1.13
maximum rated temperature
upper limit temperature that the material can be used regardless the environment/fluid
3.1.14
neat resin
thermoplastic resin without additives
ISO 23936-1:2022(E)
3.1.15
operating temperature
temperature to which a component is subjected during normal operation
3.1.16
pipeline
components of a pipeline system connected together to convey fluids between stations and/or plants,
including pipe, pig traps, components, appurtenances, spools, risers, isolating valves, and sectionalizing
valves
[SOURCE: ISO 13623:2017, 3.1.15, modified — Note 1 to entry has been deleted.]
3.1.17
piping
pipe or system of pipes for the transport of fluids and gases
Note 1 to entry: Interruption by different components such as pumps, machines, vessels, does not preclude
integration into one single piping system.
3.1.18
preconditioning
exposure to specified conditions in relevant fluids prior to ageing
3.1.19
room temperature
temperature of (23 ± 2) °C
3.1.20
seal
deformable polymeric device designed to separate different environments
3.1.21
swelling
increase in volume due to absorption of fluids
3.1.22
thermoplastics
plastics that are capable of being repeatedly softened by heating and hardened by cooling through a
temperature range characteristic of the plastics and, in the softened state, of being repeatedly shaped
by flow into articles by moulding, extrusion or forming
[SOURCE: ISO 15750-3:2022, 3.3]
3.1.23
washer
flat plate of a material with a centralized hole used to seat bolt heads and nuts, among others
3.2 Abbreviated terms
Af acceleration factor
CDF critical degradation factor
COC certificate of conformance
COV coefficient of variation
DMA dynamic mechanical analysis
DSC differential scanning calorimetry
ISO 23936-1:2022(E)
FEP fluorinated ethylene propylene
HDT heat distortion temperature
KCl potassium chloride
PA polyamides
PFA perfluoroalkoxy
PEEK polyether-ether ketone
PTFE polytetrafluoro-ethylene
PTFEm polytetrafluoro-ethylene modified
PVDF polyvinylidene fluoride
QC quality control
ST softening temperature
4 Technical requirements
4.1 General requirements
Thermoplastic selection depends upon material property characteristics and fluid ageing behaviour.
This document establishes four levels of testing for the purpose of comparing the properties of various
thermoplastic materials. Material property data will be generated at the four levels to allow consistent
comparison of the subject materials. Generic data shall be derived per Level 1 and Level 2 including
threshold criteria, solely for the purpose of producing information for preselection. Where the user
requires accelerated ageing material stability data in a multi-phase H S containing fluid, Level 3 shall
apply. Where the user requires the material stability data beyond 56 days and an attempted long-term
life estimation, Level 4 shall apply.
Level 1 conformance consists of the characterization and documentation of material properties in
a material data report. It includes a COC for batch quality control testing. See 5.1 and Table 1 for a
list of the required material properties to be documented. Physical and mechanical properties shall
be characterized on materials in their unaged condition. These standard properties assist with the
selection of materials that meet a design specification. Some property tests are also used for quality
assurance and control. Level 1 testing establishes a baseline for higher level testing.
Level 2 conformance pertains to material stability (ageing) behaviour and shall be accompanied by
a report. Clause 6 provides requirements for Level 2 conformance. The effect of the first three fluids
listed in 6.2.4 on material properties shall be investigated with real-time ageing studies. A material’s
resistance to chemical/physical/mechanical change is determined.
Level 3 conformance pertains to material stability (accelerated ageing) behaviour and shall be
accompanied by a report. Clause 7 provides requirements for Level 3 conformance. The effects on
material properties of three temperature aging evaluations shall be investigated. The intent of Level 3
evaluations is to accelerate material property changes specifically in multi-phase H S-fluids.
Level 4 conformance pertains to a material stability (long-term) assessment of 180 days or longer
following the methodology as shown by Annex B. Level 4 attempts life estimation and shall be
accompanied by a report. Clause 8 provides requirements for Level 4 conformance. The intent of
Level 4 assessment is to predict the material’s progressive degradation, hence conformance threshold
recommendations are offered for life estimation purposes. The report shall include a thorough account
of data analysis, extrapolation, life estimation, and statistical confidence. Users shall evaluate the
ISO 23936-1:2022(E)
threshold criteria, life estimation results and all methodology to determine the suitability of materials
for application.
All reports shall detail the testing and analysis that was performed as well as a reference to this
document, i.e. ISO 23936-1:2022.
Laboratory studies using standard test conditions may not derive data that can be used for design
purposes. The user may require fit-for-purpose testing or alternative testing to simulate production
conditions to allow materials selection for final application. Component functional testing is not
detailed in this document.
For some highly resistant polymers, the chemicals used for ageing in Level 3 and Level 4 will not have
any significant thermal-chemical effect on the polymer even at higher temperatures. In such cases, the
first observable change in property would be related to fluid absorption or melting phase change rather
than a degradation mechanism induced by the chemical. Fully fluorinated polymers (e.g. PTFE, PTFEm,
PFA, FEP) either unfilled or filled exclusively with carbon-based fillers (e.g. graphite, carbon black,
carbon fibre) are known to behave as such and shall be exempt from Level 3 or Level 4 evaluation.
Performance of Level 3 or Level 4 testing may reveal other polymers e.g. PVDF in fluid 3.1 and fluid 3.2
in 7.4 also falling into this category.
If blistering by rapid gas decompression is a concern, a test should be performed according to API 17J
th
4 edition, section 6.2.3.3.
4.2 Cautionary remarks
Designers should not assume that properties provided in a material data report as explained in
Clause 5 will accurately represent those properties found in finished product geometries. The method
of conversion is known to have an impact on these properties and that impact should be accounted for
during design.
Life estimation usefulness and certainty can increase when longer term data are used to establish
the degradation trend. Level 3 testing at durations up to 56 days are most useful for shorter term
(up to 1 year) life estimations and can have reduced certainty for long-term (greater than 1 year) life
estimations. Level 4 testing requires up to 180 day or longer data in an effort to create higher certainty
in long-term life estimation.
In some cases, progressive degradation of thermoplastics over long periods of time at temperatures
well above the target service temperature is not observed. The data and the attempted life estimation
are still valuable because they demonstrate material stability in that test environment.
4.3 Traceability
For a final component to maintain its conformance, it shall be made from a thermoplastic material that
conforms with this document. The entire compound manufacturing process shall be fully traceable.
Conformance records shall include a reference to this document, i.e. ISO 23936-1:2022.
Each compound and accompanying COC shall be traceable back to the compound manufacturer. Each
company that participates in the manufacture of a compound that conforms with this document shall
maintain traceability records for a minimum of 10 years that include its own manufacturing procedures,
locations, and dates.
Further requirements on conformance and traceability over the supply chain can be found in relevant
product standards and agreed between interested parties.
ISO 23936-1:2022(E)
4.4 Test specimen identification
4.4.1 Coding overview
The specimen fabrication details shall be reported using the following identification code system:
— moulding (for individual codes see 4.4.2);
— orientation (for individual codes see 4.4.3);
— form (for individual codes see 4.4.4);
— post treat (for individual codes see 4.4.5);
— shaping (for individual codes see 4.4.6).
The test specimen identification shall give the following information:
a) test standard;
b) specimen type;
c) test speed;
d) identification code.
EXAMPLE Sample test call out for an ISO 527-1 or ASTM D638 tensile test with injection moulded Type 1BA
and Type V specimens respectively:
1) ISO 527-1, 1BA, 50 mm/min (MI/OA/FN/PA/SN);
2) ASTM D638 – TV, 2''/min (MI/OA/FN/PA/SN).
4.4.2 Moulding
Process used to convert a pellet, flake, powder, resin, etc. into a shape and is the final forming step:
a) injection (MI): process of moulding a material by injection under pressure from a heated cylinder
through a sprue into the cavity of a closed mould;
b) compression (MC): load/pour material into mould, heat, and then consolidate melted polymer
under uniaxial or isostatic compression;
c) transfer (MT): process of moulding a material by passing it from a heated pot into the cavity of a
closed, heated mould;
d) extrusion (ME): transfer melted material into a shape using a die in a continuous process;
e) rotational moulding (MR): load material in mould, heat and rotate, where inertial forces are used to
consolidate the thermoplastic;
f) casting (MS): transfer melted material into a mould with only the force of gravity acting on the
thermoplastic;
g) additive (MA): manufacturing methods that add layers of material by a melt process;
h) new methods (MZ).
ISO 23936-1:2022(E)
4.4.3 Orientation
Orientation pertains to the alignment of molecules or fillers compared to the longest dimension of the
test specimen.
a) none (ON): isotropic with insignificant x, y, z variation of properties;
b) axial or flow direction (OA): longest dimension of the specimen is parallel to the orientation
direction (i.e. injection moulded tensile bar);
c) hoop or transverse (OT): longest dimension of the specimen is transverse to the orientation
direction (i.e. flex specimen cut from hoop plane of an extruded tube).
4.4.4 Form
Form describes the source of the test specimen.
a) final part (FN): the finished test specimen;
b) rod (FR): solid cylinder;
c) tube (FT): hollow cylinder;
d) plate/sheet (FP): greater than or equal to 1,27 mm (0,050 inch) thick;
e) film (FF): less than 1,27 mm (0,050 inch) thick;
f) other finished (FO): part that the specimen is cut from.
4.4.5 Post treatment
Annealing or post cure comprising temperature cycles that alter the physical properties of the moulded
form.
a) none (PN): has not undergone a post-moulding heat cycle process and in which conditioning “dry as
moulded” according to material standards, e.g. for PA-U 12 see ISO 16486-2;
b) annealed (PA): has undergone a post-moulding heat cycle process, e.g. annealing for 48 h according
to ISO 2578 or according to material standards;
c) sintered (PS): hot sintering of a cold moulded precursor (or green parts);
d) environmentally conditioned (PE), e.g. 98 % humidity at 50 °C for 48 h.
4.4.6 Shaping
Cite the process used to shape the specimen.
a) net shape (SN): moulded into test specimen with no post process;
b) machined (SM): material removed with cutting tool;
c) stamped (SS): specimen die cut from a formed sheet or a sheet machined from a different form.
4.4.7 Test specimen fabrication for Level 2, Level 3 and Level 4 ageing experiments
Test specimens shall be produced using a single fabrication process suitable for test specimens.
ISO 23936-1:2022(E)
4.5 Validation of conformance
A compound loses its conformance if changes are made to the raw material supply, the compound
formulation or the compound manufacturing process. New testing is required for each desired level of
conformance.
If Level 4 conformance is complete prior to change, new Level 4 testing is not required if Level 1, Level 2
and Level 3 test results are equal or improved compared to previous Level 1, Level 2 and Level 3 test
results.
If compounding is carried out at different plants/locations, a separate Level 1 conformance is required
for each plant.
Level 1 to Level 4 testing is not required on the component if no compositional changes have been
made to the compound during the conversion process, regardless of the conversion process being used.
The influence of the conversion process on the physical properties and fluid ageing behaviour of the
component is outside the
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