EN 459-2:2001

2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.Gradbeno apno – 2. del: Metode preskušanjaBaukalk - Teil 2: PrüfverfahrenChaux de construction - Partie 2: Méthodes d'essaiBuilding lime - Part 2: Test methods91.100.10Cement. Mavec. Apno. MaltaCement. Gypsum. Lime. MortarICS:Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z:EN 459-2:2001SIST EN 459-2:2002en01-april-2002SIST EN 459-2:2002SLOVENSKI
STANDARDSIST EN 459-2:1995/AC:2001SIST EN 459-2:19951DGRPHãþD

EUROPEAN STANDARDNORME EUROPÉENNEEUROPÄISCHE NORMEN 459-2October 2001ICS 91.100.10Supersedes EN 459-2:1994English versionBuilding lime - Part 2: Test methodsChaux de construction - Partie 2: Méthodes d'essaiBaukalk - Teil 2: PrüfverfahrenThis European Standard was approved by CEN on 16 February 2001.CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this EuropeanStandard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such nationalstandards may be obtained on application to the Management Centre or to any CEN member.This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translationunder the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Management Centre has the same status as the officialversions.CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece,Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATIONCOMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATIONEUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNGManagement Centre: rue de Stassart, 36
B-1050 Brussels© 2001 CENAll rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reservedworldwide for CEN national Members.Ref. No. EN 459-2:2001 ESIST EN 459-2:2002

Sampling3.1
GeneralSampling shall be carried out as specified in 3.1 to 3.4 taking into account the need to minimize moisture and carbondioxide absorption.3.2
Sampling of powdered materialSampling shall be carried out in accordance with EN 196-7.Before carrying out chemical analysis, the sample shall be reduced in mass by means of a sample divider and/orby quartering to produce a sub-sample of suitable mass for the intended determinations. Any coarse material shallbe reduced in size to less than 0,3 mm.3.3
Sampling of granular materialSampling shall be carried out in accordance with EN 932-1.Before carring out chemical analysis, the sample shall be crushed, ground and reduced in mass to produce a sub-sample finer than 0,3 mm and of suitable mass for the intended determinations.3.4
Sampling lime puttiesThe spot sample size shall be (10 ± 5) dm3.Where lime putties are sampled, the increments shall be blended thoroughly.
1) EN 196-21 is currently being incorporated into EN 196-2.4SIST EN 459-2:2002

Chemical analysis4.1
General requirements for testing4.1.1
Number of testsAnalysis of a building lime may require the determination of a number of its chemical properties. For each determina-tion one or more tests shall be carried out in which the number of measurements to be taken shall be as specifiedin the relevant clause of this standard.Where the analysis is one of a series subject to statistical control, determination of each chemical property by asingle test shall be the minimum required.Where the analysis is not a part of a series subject to statistical control, the number of tests for determination ofeach chemical property shall be two (see also 4.3).In the case of a dispute, the number of tests for determination of each chemical property shall be two (see also 4.3).4.1.2
Expression of masses, volumes, factors and resultsExpress masses in grams to the nearest 0,0001 g and volumes from burettes in millilitres to the nearest 0,05 ml.Express the factors of solutions, given by mean of three measurements, to three decimal places.Express the results, where a single test result has been obtained, as a percentage generally to two decimal places.Express the results, where two test results have been obtained, as the mean of the results, as a percentagegenerally to two decimal places.If the two test results differ by more than twice the standard deviation of repeatability (laboratory), repeat the test andtake the mean of the two closest test results.The results of all individual tests shall be recorded.4.1.3
Blank determinationsCarry out a blank determination without a sample, where relevant, following the same procedure and using the sameamounts of reagents. Correct the results obtained for the analytical determination accordingly.4.1.4
ReagentsAll reagents shall be of an analytical grade appropriate for the method being used. The water used shall comply withthe appropriate grade specified in EN ISO 3696.4.1.5
Evaluation of test resultsThe chemical requirements for building limes are specified in Table 2 of EN 459-1:2001. For quicklime the specifiedvalues correspond to the finished product.For all other types (hydrated lime, lime putty, hydraulic and natural hydraulic lime) the values are based on theproduct after subtraction of its free water and bound water content. The values obtained by application of proceduresdescribed in this European Standard for calcium and magnesium oxide (4.2), magnesium oxide (4.3), carbon dioxide(4.4), sulfate (4.6) and available lime (4.7) are for the products without subtraction of the free water and bound watercontent. To compare these values with Table 2 of EN 459-1:2001, they shall first be corrected by multiplication byfactor F. Factor F shall be determined in the following way.Determine the carbon dioxide content as described in 4.4 and the loss on ignition as described in 4.5. The loss onignition is the sum of the free water, bound water and carbon dioxide, provided that the sample does not contain anyhighly volatile compounds or oxidizable constituents. Calculate the total (free + bound) water content WT as apercentage by mass of the sample using.5SIST EN 459-2:2002

Calcium and magnesium oxide (CaO + MgO)Determine the (CaO + MgO) content using the method given in EN 196-2. 4.3
Magnesium oxide (MgO)Determine the (MgO) content using the method given in EN 196-2.4.4Carbon dioxide (CO2)4.4.1Reference methodDetermine the CO2 content using the reference method given in EN 196-21.4.4.2Volumetric determination of carbon dioxide (alternative method)4.4.2.1PrincipleThe CO2 contained in the building lime in the form of carbonates is given off by reaction with hydrochloric acid anddetermined volumetrically.4.4.2.2ApparatusThe apparatus is shown in Figure 1.6SIST EN 459-2:2002

(V1 V2)×PT×m1Cis the carbon dioxide content by mass, in percent;F1is the correction factor in accordance with 4.4.2.6;V1is the volume of the gas before absorption, in millilitres;V2is the volume of the gas after absorption, in millilitres;Pis the corrected barometer reading, in pascals×100;Tis the measurement temperature, in kelvins;m1is the mass of the sample, in grams.8SIST EN 459-2:2002

4,397(V1 V2)ofmeasurement(V3 V4)ofcalibration×m1Using this method the value calculated is expressed as a percentage of the "as delivered" product (refer to 4.1).4.4.2.6Calibration of the apparatusWeigh 0,1 g of calcium carbonate, dried to constant mass at (250 ± 5) °C, to an accuracy of 0,5 mg into thedecomposition flask. Carry out the determination as described in 4.4.2.4.The volume difference (V3 – V4) corresponds to the carbon dioxide content of the calibration material. Calculate thecorrection factor F1 of the absorption apparatus from the following relationship, obtained by rearranging equation (1):The meanings of the symbols correspond to those given in 4.4.2.5.(3)F1
82,96×T(V3 V4)×PThe factor shall be in the range 1,00 to 1,04, otherwise the apparatus is to be checked for tightness and properfunctioning and the calibration repeated.4.5Loss on ignitionDetermine the loss on ignition using the method given in EN 196-2.NOTE An alternative desiccant may be used, if it is proved to be as effective as magnesium perchlorate.4.6Sulfate (SO3)Determine the sulfate content using the method given in EN 196-2. 4.7Available lime4.7.1GeneralUse the method given in 4.7.2 for air lime and the method given in 4.7.3 for hydraulic lime.4.7.2Determination of available lime content of air limes4.7.2.1PrincipleThe available (unbound) lime (calcium oxide and calcium hydroxide) is dissolved in a solution of sucrose and titrated withhydrochloric acid, phenolphthalein being used as an indicator.To ensure complete dissolution of highly reactive limes (tu < 2 min, according to 5.10.5) which are prone to form largeparticles of calcium hydroxide when slaked, those limes should be wetted with 1 ml of methanol before being addedto the water.4.7.2.2Reagentsa) Waterb) SucroseRefined sugar, commercially availablec) MethanolCH3OHd) Hydrochloric acid1 mol/l (standard solution)e) Phenolphthalein indicatorDissolve 0,5 g of phenolphthalein in 50 ml of ethanol and diluteto 100 ml with water4.7.2.3ProcedurePlace 50 ml of water in a 300 ml conical flask. Transfer (1 ± 0,1) g of lime sample weighed to an accuracy of 1 mgto the flask and swirl to suspend. Add 10 g of sucrose, stopper the flask and keep the suspension in motion for12 min to 15 min (magnetic stirrer, vibrating table or similar apparatus). Then filter through two fine filter papers.Wash the flask with six 25 ml portions of cold water and titrate the filtrate or an aliquot part with the hydrochloric acidusing phenolphthalein as indicator.9SIST EN 459-2:2002

2,804V5xC1m2Kais the available lime content by mass, in percent;V5is the volume of hydrochloric acid used, in millilitres;C1is the factor of hydrochloric acid 1 mol/l;m2is the mass of the sample, in grams.Using this method the value calculated is expressed as a percentage of the "as delivered" product (refer to 4.1).4.7.3Determination of available lime content of hydraulic lime4.7.3.1PrincipleThe available (unbound) lime (calcium oxide and calcium hydroxide) is extracted by means of ethylacetoacetate andthe extract titrated with hydrochloric acid, bromophenol blue being used as an indicator.4.7.3.2Reagentsa) EthylacetoacetateCH3COCH2COOC2H5, for synthesisb) 2-Propanol(CH3)2CHOHc) Concentrated hydrochloric acidHCI, see 4.4.2.3 b)d) Hydrochloric acid1 mol/l (standard solution)e) Dilute hydrochloric acid0,1 mol/l (standard solution)f) Sodium hydroxide on supportNaOH, for elementary analysisg) EthanolC2H5OHh) Bromophenol blue indicatorTetrabromophenol sulphonphthaleini) Bromophenol blue solutionDissolve 0,1 g bromophenol blue in ethanol and make up thesolution to 100 ml with the samej) Isobutanol(CH)3CHCH2OH4.7.3.3ProcedurePlace 12 ml ethylacetoacetate and 80 ml Isobutanol in a 250 ml Erlenmeyer flask with a joint conforming to ISO 383,nominal diameter of the joint 29,2 mm, large 32 mm. Add approximately 1 g of the sample, dried out of contact withthe air (vacuum-drying oven) at (105 ± 5) °C, ground to analytical fineness and weighed to the nearest 0,1 mg, tothe mixture and shake. Bring the mixture to the boil while stirring (e. g. with a magnetic stirrer) and then reflux. Thelower end of the reflux condenser is fitted with a joint conforming to ISO 383, nominal diameter of the joint 29,2 mm,large 32 mm, while a tube containing sodium hydroxide on a support is connected to its upper end and providesprotection against carbon dioxide penetrating from the air.Stop the extraction after 15 min. Cool the extract to below 50 °C and siphon it off into a 250 ml suction bottlethrough a glass filter funnel. Insert a filter paper for slow filtration speed (particle retention size 2,0 µm to 2,2 µm)and a filter paper for a medium filtration speed (particle retention size 6,5 µm) into the filter funnel. (Do not cut thefilter paper by hand). Moisten the filters with the ethylacetoacetate prior to filtration. If the filtrate is cloudy, carry outa second filtration with the same filter combination. Wash the flask and residue with a maximum of 50 ml 2-propanol.It is not necessary to transfer the last remnants of the residue to the filter funnel.Add 3 to 4 drops of bromophenol blue solution to the filtrate and titrate with hydrochloric acid until the colourchanges to yellow. The concentration of hydrochloric acid is dependent on the probable available lime content. ForHL 2 and/or NHL 2 titrate with the 1 mol/l hydrochloric acid and for HL 3,5, HL 5, NHL 3,5 and NHL 5 titrate with the0,1 mol/l hydrochloric acid.4.7.3.4Expression of resultsCalculate the available lime content in HL 2 and/or NHL 2 from the equation:10SIST EN 459-2:2002

V6×C2m3Kais the available lime content in HL 2 and/or NHL 2 by mass, in percent;V6is the volume of the hydrochloric acid 1 mol/l used, in millilitres;C2is the factor of the hydrochloric acid 1mol/l;m3is the mass of the sample, in grams.Calculate the availabe lime content in HL 3,5, HL 5, NHL 3,5 and NHL 5 from the equation:where(5b)Kb 0,2804×
V7×C3m3Kbis the available lime content in HL 3,5, HL 5, NHL 3,5 and NHL 5 by mass, in percent;V7is the volume of the hydrochloric acid 0,1 mol/l used, in millilitres;C3is the factor of the hydrochloric acid 0,1 mol/l;m3is the mass of the sample, in grams.5Physical tests5.1Compressive strength5.1.1GeneralDetermine the compressive strength in accordance with EN 196-1:1994, "hydraulic lime" being substituted where"cement" is mentioned.However, the modifications given in 5.1.2 shall apply.5.1.2Modifications to EN 196-1:19945.1.2.1Composition of mortarA water/binder ratio of 0,50, as specified in EN 196-1:1994, will apply only to HL 5 and NHL 5.For HL 2, HL 3,5, NHL 2 and NHL 3,5 the water/binder ratio shall be 0,55 (each batch for three specimens to beprepared using (248 ± 1) g water).Hydraulic limes and natural hydraulic limes with bulk densities £ 0,60 kg/dm3, which are to be tested for compressivestrength, shall be mixed with a water/binder ratio of 0,60 (each batch for three specimens to be prepared using (270± 1) g water).5.1.2.2Compaction of specimensCompaction by means of the vibrating table shall be the reference method (5.1.2.2.1).The method specified in EN 196-1:1994 (jolting apparatus) is an alternative method.Other alternative methods of compaction may be used provided that the absolute difference between the meanvalues of the 28 day compressive strength (based on at least ten test results) does not exceed 1,5 MPa in paralleltests with 3 different Hydraulic limes HL 5 and NHL 5.5.1.2.2.1Vibrating tableThe vibrating table (see Figure 2) shall conform to the following requirements:a) Method of operationmagnetic vibratorb) Type of oscillationsinusoidalc) Nominal frequency50 Hz11SIST EN 459-2:2002

2) E. g. steel type X 8 CrNiS 18-9 (1.4503) according to EN 10088-2.12SIST EN 459-2:2002

Reference methodDetermine the fineness in accordance with clause 3 of EN 196-6:1989 but using in addition a 0,2 mm sieve foroversized particles.5.2.2
Alternative methodDetermine the fineness using the air-jet sieving method according to EN 12485 but using test sieves with aperturesizes of 0,20 mm and 0,09 mm.5.3Soundness5.3.1GeneralOwing to the variation in chemical and physical characteristics of building limes it is not possible to determine thesoundness of building limes by one method for all types of lime. For this reason soundness has to be determinedas follows:– hydrated high calcium lime and all types ofhydraulic limes– 5.3.2.1 (Reference method)– 5.3.2.2 (Alternative method)– hydraulic lime with an SO3 content of more than3 % up to 7 %– 5.3.2.3– quicklime, lime putty, dolomitic lime and hydrateddolomitic lime– 5.3.3– hydrated calcium lime, calcium lime putty and hy-drated dolomitic lime which include grains largerthan 0,2 mm.– 5.3.45.3.2For hydrated high calcium lime and all types of hydraulic limes5.3.2.1Reference method5.3.2.1.1PrincipleIf the slaking of lime is incomplete, the steam hydration of the calcium oxide (CaO) present in a sample pressed intoa disc-shaped specimen leads to expansion that is measured by the variation of its disc diameter.5.3.2.1.2Apparatusa)Moulds as shown in figure 3. The piston shall have a milled cross groove on its end that forms the surface of thespecimen.b)Press, capable of applying a 2 kN force to the piston of the mould. The force should be accurate to the14SIST EN 459-2:2002

Piston2
Mould3 0,5-cross grooveFigure 3 – Specimen mould16SIST EN 459-2:2002

Other absorbent materials leading to comparable water content may be used as alternatives.b) Hot cabinet controlled at (105 ± 5) °C.5.3.3.3Preparation of specimens5.3.3.3.1Sieve residueIf individual particles are found on the 0,2 mm wire sieve medium (see 5.2) when testing particle fineness, theprocedure shall be as follows:a)Embed all the particles found in the middle of a cake, so that they are completely covered;b)Soak particles in quicklime first in accordance with the working instructions of the manufacturer and thenintroduce them into the middle of the cake;c)Prepare the cake from the same lime specimen in which the residues have been found.5.3.3.3.2Quicklime and dolomitic limeSlake about 200 g of quicklime or dolomitic lime with water at (20 ± 2) °C to give a paste and soak for the length oftime required by the manufacturer in the working instructions. Then make two cakes from this paste.5.3.3.3.3Lime puttyIn the case of lime putty, make two cakes directly from the existing putty.5.3.3.3.4Hydrated dolomitic limeFor testing immediately workable hydrated dolomitic lime, mix about 100 g of lime powder to a paste with water at(20 ± 2) °C so that two cakes of 50 mm to 70 mm in diameter and about 10 mm in thickness at the centre can bepoured, each onto a dry filter plate (see 5.3.3.2). In the case of lime putty, make the cakes directly from the existingputty, without addition of water.5.3.3.4ProcedureAfter a sufficient resting time (approximately 5 min), remove the cakes and transfer them to two other dry absorbentplates and put them into the hot cabinet. Keep them in this cabinet at (105 ± 5) °C for 4 h.
3) Information on sources of supply for these hydrated calcium silicate plates can be obtained from DINDeutsches Institut für Normung e. V., Burggrafenstraße 6, D-10787 Berlin.18SIST EN 459-2:2002

"Test passed"Figure 5 – Specimen with shrinkage cracks ("Test passed")19SIST EN 459-2:2002

Drips of water can cause "water blistering" which should not be confused with popping or pitting.5.3.4.5Test reportReport as either free from, or as showing, disintegration, popping or pitting.5.4Setting timesDetermine setting times using the method given in EN 196-3:1994.5.5Standard mortar by mass and water demand for values of flow and penetration5.5.1GeneralThe measurement of the value of penetration, water retention and air content requires a standard mortar inaccordance with EN 196-1:1994, adjusted to a flow diameter of (185 ± 3) mm as measured on the flow tabledescribed in 5.5.2.1.2.5.5.2Composition and preparation of standard mortar5.5.2.1Laboratory and equipment5.5.2.1.1
GeneralThe laboratory, mixer, standard sand and water in accordance with EN 196-1:1994.5.5.2.1.2Flow tableThe supporting frame (1) for the flow table (see Figure 7) shall be made of welded or cast steel and shall be stableand free from any distortions. Figure 7 serves as basis for the dimensions of the profiles to be used. The width ofeach supporting arm of the frame (1) shall be at least 140 mm on the base and at least 20 mm longer than thediameter of the shaft (4) at the top (near the boss).The steel cam (3) shall be located on the motor-driven axle (2) of the flow table. The steel axle shall rotate at aconstant velocity (1 rev .s-1) and is operated via a flexible clutch.The cam shall lift the shaft (4) and the plate (5) together by (10,0 ± 0,2) mm once per secon
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