prEN 14078
(Main)Liquid petroleum products - Determination of fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) content in middle distillates - Infrared spectrometry method
Liquid petroleum products - Determination of fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) content in middle distillates - Infrared spectrometry method
This document specifies a test method for the determination of Fatty Acid Methyl Ester (FAME) content in diesel fuel or domestic heating fuel by mid infrared spectrometry, which applies to FAME contents of the three measurement ranges as follows:
- range A: for FAME contents ranging from approx. 0,05 % (V/V) to approx. 3 % (V/V);
- range B: for FAME contents ranging from approx. 3 % (V/V) to approx. 20 % (V/V);
- range C: for FAME contents ranging from approx. 20 % (V/V) to approx. 50 % (V/V).
Principally, higher FAME contents can also be analysed if diluted; however, no precision data for results outside the specified range is available at present.
This test method was verified to be applicable to samples which contain FAME conforming to EN 14214. Reliable quantitative results are obtained only if the samples do not contain any significant amounts of other interfering components, especially esters and other carbonyl compounds which possess absorption bands in the spectral region used for quantification of FAME. If such interfering components are present, this test method is expected to produce higher values.
NOTE 1 For the purposes of this document, the term "% (V/V)" is used to represent the volume fraction (φ) of a material.
NOTE 2 For conversion of grams FAME per litre (g FAME/l) to volume fraction, a fixed density for FAME of 883,0 kg/m3 is adopted.
WARNING - The use of this document can involve hazardous materials, operations and equipment. This document does not purport to address all of the safety problems associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this document to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
Flüssige Mineralölerzeugnisse - Bestimmung des Gehaltes an Fettsäuremethylester (FAME) in Mitteldestillaten - Infrarotspektrometrisches Verfahren
Dieses Dokument legt ein Prüfverfahren zur Bestimmung des Gehaltes an Fettsäuremethylestern (FAME, en: Fatty Acid Methyl Ester) in Dieselkraftstoff oder Haushaltsheizöl mit Hilfe der Infrarotspektrometrie im mittleren Infrarotbereich fest, und zwar für FAME-Gehalte in den drei folgenden Messbereichen:
- Messbereich A: für FAME-Anteile von etwa 0,05 % (V/V) bis etwa 3 % (V/V);
- Messbereich B: für FAME-Anteile von etwa 3 % (V/V) bis etwa 20 % (V/V);
- Messbereich C: für FAME-Anteile von etwa 20 % (V/V) bis etwa 50 % (V/V).
Höhere FAME-Gehalte können vom Grundsatz her ebenfalls nach entsprechender Verdünnung analysiert werden, jedoch liegen gegenwärtig keine Präzisionsdaten für nicht in den festgelegten Messbereichen liegende Ergebnisse vor.
Das Prüfverfahren ist nachweislich anwendbar auf Proben, deren FAME-Anteil EN 14214 entspricht. Zuverlässige Ergebnisse werden nur dann erhalten, wenn die Proben keine signifikanten Anteile an anderen störenden Komponenten enthalten, insbesondere Ester und andere Carbonylverbindungen, die Absorptionsbanden im für die FAME-Bestimmung benutzten Spektralbereich aufweisen. Wenn solche störenden Komponenten vorhanden sind, wird dieses Prüfverfahren erwartungsgemäß zu hohe Werte ergeben.
ANMERKUNG 1 Für die Zwecke dieses Dokuments wird zur Angabe des Volumenanteils (φ) einer Substanz der Ausdruck „% (V/V)“ verwendet.
ANMERKUNG 2 Für die Umrechnung des FAME-Anteils von Gramm FAME je Liter (g FAME/l) in Volumenanteil wird eine feste Dichte für FAME von 883,0 kg/m3 verwendet.
WARNUNG - Die Anwendung dieses Dokuments kann die Anwendung gefährlicher Stoffe, Arbeitsgänge und Geräte mit sich bringen. Dieses Dokument beansprucht nicht, alle damit verbundenen Sicherheitsprobleme zu behandeln. Es liegt in der Verantwortung der Person, die das Dokument anwendet, vor der Anwendung geeignete Maßnahmen für die Sicherheit und den Gesundheitsschutz zu ergreifen und die Anwendbarkeit einschränkender Vorschriften zu prüfen.
Produits pétroliers liquides - Détermination de la teneur en esters méthyliques d'acides gras (EMAG) des distillats moyens - Méthode par spectrométrie infrarouge
Le présent document spécifie une méthode d'essai pour la détermination de la teneur en esters méthyliques d'acides gras (EMAG) dans le carburant pour moteurs diesel ou le fioul domestique, par spectrométrie dans l'infrarouge moyen. Cette méthode est applicable pour déterminer des teneurs en EMAG comprises dans l’une des trois plages de mesure suivantes :
- plage A : pour des teneurs en EMAG comprises entre environ 0,05 % (V/V) et environ 3 % (V/V) ;
- plage B : pour des teneurs en EMAG comprises entre environ 3 % (V/V) et environ 20 % (V/V) ;
- plage C : pour des teneurs en EMAG comprises entre environ 20 % (V/V) et environ 50 % (V/V).
En principe, des teneurs en EMAG supérieures peuvent aussi être déterminées par une dilution préalable ; par contre, les données de fidélité ne sont pas disponibles actuellement en dehors des plages de concentrations mentionnées.
Il a été vérifié que la méthode était applicable à des échantillons contenant des EMAG conformes aux spécifications européennes EN 14214. Des résultats quantitatifs fiables sont obtenus seulement lorsque les échantillons ne contiennent pas d’autres constituants interférant en quantités significatives, en particulier les esters et autres composés carbonylés, qui présentent des bandes d’absorption dans la région spectrale utilisée pour la quantification des EMAG. Lorsque de tels constituants sont présents, cette méthode d’essai donne des valeurs surestimées.
NOTE 1 Pour les besoins du présent document, l'expression « % (V/V) » est utilisée pour représenter la fraction volumique () d'un produit.
NOTE 2 Pour la conversion de grammes d’EMAG par litre (g d’EMAG/l) en fraction volumique, une masse volumique donnée d’EMAG de 883,0 kg/m3 est adoptée.
AVERTISSEMENT - L'utilisation du présent document peut impliquer l'intervention de produits, d'opérations et d'équipements à caractère dangereux. Le présent document n'est pas censé aborder tous les problèmes de sécurité concernés par son usage. Il est de la responsabilité de l'utilisateur de ce document de consulter et d'établir des règles de sécurité et d'hygiène appropriées et de déterminer l'applicabilité des restrictions réglementaires avant utilisation.
Tekoči naftni proizvodi - Določanje metilnih estrov maščobnih kislin (FAME) v srednjih destilatih - Metoda infrardeče spektroskopije
General Information
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Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-junij-2024
Tekoči naftni proizvodi - Določanje metilnih estrov maščobnih kislin (FAME) v
srednjih destilatih - Metoda infrardeče spektroskopije
Liquid petroleum products - Determination of fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) content in
middle distillates - Infrared spectrometry method
Flüssige Mineralölerzeugnisse - Bestimmung des Gehaltes an Fettsäuremethylester
(FAME) in Mitteldestillaten - Infrarotspektrometrisches Verfahren
Produits pétroliers liquides - Détermination de la teneur en esters méthyliques d'acides
gras (EMAG) des distillats moyens - Méthode par spectrométrie infrarouge
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: prEN 14078
ICS:
75.160.20 Tekoča goriva Liquid fuels
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
DRAFT
EUROPEAN STANDARD
NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
May 2024
ICS 75.160.20 Will supersede EN 14078:2014
English Version
Liquid petroleum products - Determination of fatty acid
methyl ester (FAME) content in middle distillates -
Infrared spectrometry method
Produits pétroliers liquides - Détermination de la Flüssige Mineralölerzeugnisse - Bestimmung des
teneur en esters méthyliques d'acides gras (EMAG) des Gehaltes an Fettsäuremethylester (FAME) in
distillats moyens - Méthode par spectrométrie Mitteldestillaten - Infrarotspektrometrisches
infrarouge Verfahren
This draft European Standard is submitted to CEN members for enquiry. It has been drawn up by the Technical Committee
CEN/TC 19.
If this draft becomes a European Standard, CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations
which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration.
This draft European Standard was established by CEN in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other
language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC
Management Centre has the same status as the official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway,
Poland, Portugal, Republic of North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Türkiye and
United Kingdom.
Recipients of this draft are invited to submit, with their comments, notification of any relevant patent rights of which they are
aware and to provide supporting documentation.
Warning : This document is not a European Standard. It is distributed for review and comments. It is subject to change without
notice and shall not be referred to as a European Standard.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Rue de la Science 23, B-1040 Brussels
© 2024 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. prEN 14078:2024 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
Contents Page
European foreword . 3
1 Scope . 4
2 Normative references . 4
3 Principle . 4
4 Reagents and materials . 5
5 Apparatus . 5
6 Sampling and sample handling . 5
7 Procedure . 6
7.1 Selection and treatment of the cell . 6
7.2 Cleaning of the cells . 6
7.3 Selection of the path length . 6
7.3.1 Range A . 6
7.3.2 Range B . 7
7.3.3 Range C . 7
7.4 Calibration . 7
7.4.1 General instructions . 7
7.4.2 Preparation of calibration solutions . 7
7.4.3 Calculation of the calibration function. 8
7.5 Sample preparation . 8
7.6 Recording of infrared spectra . 8
7.6.1 General instructions . 8
7.6.2 Background and reference spectrum . 9
7.6.3 Recording of spectra . 9
7.6.4 Determination of the Extinction and the corrected Extinction . 9
8 Calculation . 10
8.1 Calculation of FAME content in grams per litre (g/l) . 10
8.2 Conversion of FAME content from g/l to % (V/V) . 10
8.3 Correction if average molecular mass FAME material in the sample is different from the
FAME material used for calibration . 10
9 Indication of results . 12
10 Precision . 12
10.1 General. 12
10.2 Repeatability, r . 12
10.3 Reproducibility, R . 12
11 Test report . 12
Annex A (informative) Specific adjustments for calibration and dilution . 14
Annex B (informative) Example for the Calculation of the corrected FAME content Y . 17
corr
Bibliography . 18
European foreword
This document (prEN 14078:2024) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 19 “Gaseous and
liquid fuels, lubricants and related products of petroleum, synthetic and biological origin”, the secretariat
of which is held by NEN.
This document is currently submitted to the CEN Enquiry.
This document will supersede EN 14078:2014.
— possibility to use a cell with windows consisting of ZnSe added;
— gravimetric dilution described in 7.5 corrected to volumetric dilution.
Any feedback and questions on this document should be directed to the users’ national standards body.
A complete listing of these bodies can be found on the CEN website.
1 Scope
This document specifies a test method for the determination of Fatty Acid Methyl Ester (FAME) content
in diesel fuel or domestic heating fuel by mid infrared spectrometry, which applies to FAME contents of
the three measurement ranges as follows:
— range A: for FAME contents ranging from approx. 0,05 % (V/V) to approx. 3 % (V/V);
— range B: for FAME contents ranging from approx. 3 % (V/V) to approx. 20 % (V/V);
— range C: for FAME contents ranging from approx. 20 % (V/V) to approx. 50 % (V/V).
Principally, higher FAME contents can also be analysed if diluted; however, no precision data for results
outside the specified range is available at present.
This test method was verified to be applicable to samples which contain FAME conforming to EN 14214.
Reliable quantitative results are obtained only if the samples do not contain any significant amounts of
other interfering components, especially esters and other carbonyl compounds which possess absorption
bands in the spectral region used for quantification of FAME. If such interfering components are present,
this test method is expected to produce higher values.
NOTE 1 For the purposes of this document, the term “% (V/V)” is used to represent the volume fraction (φ) of a
material.
NOTE 2 For conversion of grams FAME per litre (g FAME/l) to volume fraction, a fixed density for FAME of
883,0 kg/m is adopted.
WARNING — The use of this document can involve hazardous materials, operations and
equipment. This document does not purport to address all of the safety problems associated with
its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this document to establish appropriate safety and
health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
EN 14103:2020, Fat and oil derivatives — Fatty Acid Methyl Esters (FAME) — Determination of ester and
linolenic acid methyl ester contents
EN 14214, Liquid petroleum products — Fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) for use in diesel engines and
heating applications — Requirements and test methods
EN 14331, Liquid petroleum products — Separation and characterisation of fatty acid methyl esters
(FAME) from middle distillates — Liquid chromatography (LC)/gas chromatography (GC) method
EN ISO 3170, Petroleum liquids — Manual sampling (ISO 3170)
EN ISO 3171, Petroleum liquids — Automatic pipeline sampling (ISO 3171)
3 Principle
The mid infrared absorption spectrum of a test portion of a sample which is diluted as appropriate if
necessary with FAME-free solvent is recorded. The absorbance at the peak maximum of the typical
-1
absorption band for esters at about (1 745 ± 5) cm is measured. Initially, calibration as well as
evaluation of the data will be carried out as grams FAME per litre. For conversion of grams FAME per litre
(g/l) to the reporting unit “% (V/V)”, a fixed density of FAME of 883,0 kg/m (at 15 °C) is adopted.
Three measurement ranges (A, B or C) have been chosen for which specific adjustments for the
calibration and dilution need to be followed. Measurement should be conducted preferably without
dilution for range A and a shorter path length of the measurement cell as well as an appropriate dilution
for range B and C. In particular, the lower determination range A is a challenging one; all ensuing details
shall be kept as a package without any omissions or additions of individual details. That is the only way
to adhere to the improved precision data of range A determined by round robin tests.
Based on the absorbance measured at the maximum of the peak of the absorption band the FAME content
is calculated by means of a calibration function which was determined by measuring calibration solutions
for which the FAME content is known.
The accuracy of the measured results depends on the best match of molecular masses (proportional to
chain length) between the FAME material used for calibration and the FAME material in the analysed
sample. For a correct result it is recommended to use FAMEs for calibration (4.1)
...
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