EN ISO 17636-2:2013
(Main)Non-destructive testing of welds - Radiographic testing - Part 2: X- and gamma-ray techniques with digital detectors (ISO 17636-2:2013)
Non-destructive testing of welds - Radiographic testing - Part 2: X- and gamma-ray techniques with digital detectors (ISO 17636-2:2013)
ISO 17636-2:2013 specifies fundamental techniques of digital radiography with the object of enabling satisfactory and repeatable results to be obtained economically. The techniques are based on generally recognized practice and fundamental theory of the subject.
ISO 17636-2:2013 applies to the digital radiographic examination of fusion welded joints in metallic materials. It applies to the joints of plates and pipes. Besides its conventional meaning, "pipe", as used in this International Standard, covers other cylindrical bodies such as tubes, penstocks, boiler drums, and pressure vessels.
ISO 17636-2:2013 specifies the requirements for digital radiographic X- and gamma-ray testing by either computed radiography (CR) or radiography with digital detector arrays (DDA) of the welded joints of metallic plates and tubes for the detection of imperfections.
Digital detectors provide a digital grey value (GV) image which can be viewed and evaluated using a computer. ISO 17636-2:2013 specifies the recommended procedure for detector selection and radiographic practice. Selection of computer, software, monitor, printer and viewing conditions are important, but are not the main focus of ISO 17636-2:2013. The procedure specified in ISO 17636-2:2013 provides the minimum requirements for radiographic practice which permit exposure and acquisition of digital radiographs with equivalent sensitivity for detection of imperfections as film radiography, as specified in ISO 17636-1.
ISO 17636-2:2013 does not specify acceptance levels for any of the indications found on the digital radiographs.
If contracting parties apply lower test criteria, it is possible that the quality achieved is significantly lower than when ISO 17636-2:2013 is strictly applied.
Zerstörungsfreie Prüfung von Schweißverbindungen - Durchstrahlungsprüfung - Teil 2: Röntgen- und Gammastrahlungstechniken mit digitalen Detektoren (ISO 17636-2:2013)
Dieser Teil von ISO 17636 legt grundlegende Techniken der digitalen Durchstrahlungsprüfung mit dem Ziel fest, zufriedenstellende und wiederholbare Ergebnisse in wirtschaftlicher Weise zu erreichen. Die Techniken beruhen auf allgemein anerkannten Vorgehensweisen und den grundlegenden Theorien zum Thema.
Dieser Teil von ISO 17636 gilt für die digitale Durchstrahlungsprüfung von Schmelzschweißverbindungen in metallischen Werkstoffen. Sie gilt für Schweißverbindungen von Platten und Rohren. Neben der konventionellen Bedeutung sollten in dieser Norm unter der Benennung „Rohr“ auch andere zylindrische Körper wie Druckleitungen, Kesseltrommeln und Druckbehälter verstanden werden.
ANMERKUNG Diese Norm steht im Einklang mit EN 14784 2 [6].
Dieser Teil von ISO 17636 legt die Anforderungen an die digitale Durchstrahlungsprüfung von Schweiß-verbindungen an Metallplatten und -rohren mit Röntgen und Gammastrahlen unter Anwendung entweder der Computer-Radiographie (CR) oder der Radiographie mit digitalen Matrixdetektoren (DDA, en: Digital Detector Arrays) fest, die dem Nachweis von Unregelmäßigkeiten dient.
Digitale Detektoren liefern ein Bild mit digitalen Grauwerten (GV), das nur mit einem Rechner betrachtet und ausgewertet werden kann. Dieser Teil von ISO 17636 legt das empfohlene Verfahren für die Auswahl des Detektors und die Durchstrahlungsprüfung fest. Die Auswahl von Rechner, Software, Monitor, Drucker und Betrachtungsbedingungen ist von Bedeutung, bildet jedoch nicht den Schwerpunkt von diesem Teil von ISO 17636. Das in diesem Teil von ISO 17636 festgelegte Verfahren enthält die Mindestanforderungen an das Durchstrahlungsverfahren zur Gewinnung digitaler Durchstrahlungsbilder mit einer Empfindlichkeit für den Nachweis von Unregelmäßigkeiten, die der in ISO 17636-1festgelegten Radiographie mit Filmen gleichwertig ist.
Dieser Teil von ISO 17636 legt keine Zulässigkeitsgrenzen für Anzeigen in den digitalen Durchstrahlungsbildern fest.
Wenn die Vertragspartner niedrigere Prüfkriterien verwenden, kann die erreichte Güte deutlich niedriger sein als bei strikter Anwendung von diesem Teil von ISO 17636.
Contrôle non destructif des assemblages soudés - Contrôle par radiographie - Partie 2: Techniques par rayons X ou gamma à l'aide de détecteurs numériques (ISO 17636-2:2013)
L'ISO 17636-2:2013 spécifie les techniques fondamentales de radiographie numérique permettant d'obtenir des résultats satisfaisants et reproductibles de manière économique. Les techniques reposent sur une pratique généralement reconnue et sur la théorie fondamentale en la matière.
L'ISO 17636-2:2013 s'applique au contrôle par radiographie numérique des assemblages soudés par fusion de matériaux métalliques. Elle s'applique aux assemblages de plaques et de tubes. Outre sa signification conventionnelle, le terme «tube», tel qu'il est utilisé dans l'ISO 17636-2:2013, couvre d'autres corps cylindriques, tels que tuyaux, conduites forcées, réservoirs de chaudières et appareils à pression.
L'ISO 17636-2:2013 spécifie les exigences relatives au contrôle par radiographie numérique à rayons X et gamma des assemblages soudés de tubes métalliques pour la détection des imperfections, soit par radiographie numérique (CR) soit par radiographie avec des panneaux de détecteurs numériques (DDA).
Les détecteurs numériques produisent une image numérique en valeurs de gris (GV) qui ne peut être visualisée et évaluée qu'à l'aide d'un ordinateur. L'ISO 17636-2:2013 décrit le mode opératoire recommandé pour le choix des détecteurs et la pratique radiographique. Le choix de l'ordinateur, du logiciel, de l'écran, de l'imprimante et des conditions d'observation est important, mais ne constitue pas le centre d'intérêt de l'ISO 17636-2:2013. Le mode opératoire spécifié dans l'ISO 17636-2:2013 fournit les exigences minimales pour la pratique radiographique permettant l'exposition et l'acquisition des radiogrammes numériques avec une sensibilité de détection des imperfections équivalente à celle de la radiographie à l'aide de film, telle que spécifiée dans l'ISO 17636‑1.
L'ISO 17636-2:2013 ne spécifie pas les niveaux d'acceptation des indications trouvées sur les radiogrammes numériques.
Si les parties contractantes appliquent des critères d'essai moins rigoureux, il se peut que la qualité obtenue soit nettement inférieure à celle atteinte par l'application stricte de l'ISO 17636-2:2013.
Neporušitvene preiskave zvarnih spojev - Radiografske preiskave - 2. del : X- in gama žarki z uporabo digitalnih detektorjev (ISO 17636-2:2013)
Ta del ISO 17636 določa temeljne tehnike digitalne radiografije z namenom omogočanja zadovoljivih in ponovljivih rezultatov, ki so stroškovno ugodni. Tehnike so osnovane na splošno priznani praksi in temeljnem poznavanju subjekta. Ta del ISO 17636 velja za digitalne radiografske preiskave za talilno varjenje spojev kovinskih materialov. Velja za spoje plošč in cevi. Poleg svojega klasičnega pomena izraz „cev‟, uporabljen v tem mednarodnem standardu, zajema tudi druga cilindrična telesa, kot so dovodni kanali, bobni kotlov in tlačne posode. Ta del ISO 17636 določa zahteve za ugotavljanje napak vzdolžnih ali heličnih varov pri avtomatsko talilno obločno varjenih jeklenih ceveh z digitalno radiografsko rentgensko preiskavo z računalniško radiografijo (CR) ali radiografijo z digitalnimi detektorskimi nizi (DDA). Digitalni detektorji zagotavljajo digitalno sivinsko sliko (GV), ki jo je mogoče prikazati in oceniti prek računalnika. Ta del ISO 17636 določa priporočen postopek za izbiro detektorja in radiografsko prakso. Izbira računalnika, programske opreme, monitorja, tiskalnika in pogojev prikaza je pomembna, vendar ni ključni del tega dela ISO 17636. Postopek, določen v tem delu ISO 17636, zagotavlja minimalne zahteve za radiografsko prakso, ki omogočajo izpostavljenost in pridobivanje digitalnih rentgenskih slik z občutljivostjo zaznavanja napak, enako kot pri radiografskem filmu iz ISO 17636-1. Ta del ISO 17636 ne določa ravni sprejemljivosti za indikacije na rentgenskih slikah. Če pogodbene stranke uporabijo nizka preskusna merila, bo morda dosežena kakovost znatno nižja od kakovosti, dosežene s strogim upoštevanjem tega dela ISO 17636.
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-september-2013
1DGRPHãþD
SIST EN 1435:1998
SIST EN 1435:1998/A1:2003
SIST EN 1435:1998/A2:2004
Neporušitvene preiskave zvarnih spojev - Radiografske preiskave - 2. del : X- in
gama žarki z uporabo digitalnih detektorjev (ISO 17636-2:2013)
Non-destructive testing of welds - Radiographic testing - Part 2: X- and gamma-ray
techniques with digital detectors (ISO 17636-2:2013)
Zerstörungsfreie Prüfung von Schweißverbindungen - Durchstrahlungsprüfung - Teil 2:
Röntgen und Gammastrahlungstechniken unter Anwendung digitaler Detektoren (ISO
17636-2:2013)
Contrôle non destructif des assemblages soudés - Contrôle par radiographie - Partie 2:
Techniques par rayons X ou gamma à l'aide de détecteurs numériquess (ISO 17636-
2:2013)
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN ISO 17636-2:2013
ICS:
25.160.40 Varjeni spoji in vari Welded joints
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
EUROPEAN STANDARD
EN ISO 17636-2
NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
January 2013
ICS 25.160.40 Supersedes EN 1435:1997
English Version
Non-destructive testing of welds - Radiographic testing - Part 2:
X- and gamma-ray techniques with digital detectors (ISO 17636-
2:2013)
Contrôle non destructif des assemblages soudés - Contrôle Zerstörungsfreie Prüfung von Schweißverbindungen -
par radiographie - Partie 2: Techniques par rayons X ou Durchstrahlungsprüfung - Teil 2: Röntgen- und
gamma à l'aide de détecteurs numériquess (ISO 17636- Gammastrahlungstechniken mit digitalen Detektoren (ISO
2:2013) 17636-2:2013)
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 14 December 2012.
CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European
Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national
standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation
under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same
status as the official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania,
Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United
Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels
© 2013 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN ISO 17636-2:2013: E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
Contents Page
Foreword .3
Foreword
This document (EN ISO 17636-2:2013) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 121 “Welding”
the secretariat of which is held by DIN, in collaboration with Technical Committee ISO/TC 44 "Welding and
allied processes".
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical
text or by endorsement, at the latest by July 2013, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the
latest by July 2013.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. CEN [and/or CENELEC] shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
This document supersedes EN 1435:1997.
According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organisations of the following
countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech
Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece,
Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal,
Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom.
INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 17636-2
First edition
2013-01-15
Non-destructive testing of welds —
Radiographic testing —
Part 2:
X- and gamma-ray techniques with digital
detectors
Contrôle non destructif des assemblages soudés — Contrôle par
radiographie —
Partie 2: Techniques par rayons X ou gamma à l'aide de détecteurs
numériques
Reference number
ISO 17636-2:2013(E)
©
ISO 2013
ISO 17636-2:2013(E)
© ISO 2013
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means,
electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from either ISO at the address below or
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Published in Switzerland
ii © ISO 2013 – All rights reserved
ISO 17636-2:2013(E)
Contents Page
Foreword . iv
Introduction . v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 2
4 Symbols and terms . 5
5 Classification of radiographic techniques . 6
6 General . 7
6.1 Protection against ionizing radiation . 7
6.2 Surface preparation and stage of manufacture . 7
6.3 Location of the weld in the radiograph . 8
6.4 Identification of radiographs . 8
6.5 Marking . 8
6.6 Overlap of digital images . 8
6.7 Types and positions of image quality indicators (IQI) . 8
6.8 Minimum image quality values . 9
6.9 Personnel qualification . 10
7 Recommended techniques for making digital radiographs . 10
7.1 Test arrangements . 10
7.2 Choice of tube voltage and radiation source . 16
7.3 Detector systems and metal screens . 18
7.4 Alignment of beam . 20
7.5 Reduction of scattered radiation . 20
7.6 Source-to-object distance . 22
7.7 Geometric magnification technique . 25
7.8 Maximum area for a single exposure . 26
7.9 Processing . 26
7.10 Monitor viewing conditions and storage of digital radiographs . 27
8 Examination report . 28
Annex A (normative) Recommended number of exposures which give an acceptable examination
of a circumferential butt weld . 30
Annex B (normative) Minimum image quality values . 35
Annex C (normative) Determination of basic spatial resolution . 41
Annex D (normative) Determination of minimum grey values for CR practice . 45
Annex E (informative) Grey values, general remarks . 50
Bibliography . 52
ISO 17636-2:2013(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies
(ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO
technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been
established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and
non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the
International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards
adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an
International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
ISO 17636-2 was prepared by the European Committee for Standardization (CEN) in collaboration with ISO
Technical Committee TC 44, Welding and allied processes, Subcommittee SC 5, Testing and inspection of
welds in accordance with the Agreement on technical cooperation between ISO and CEN (Vienna Agreement).
This first edition, together with ISO 17636-1, cancels and replaces ISO 17636:2003, of which it constitutes a
technical revision.
ISO 17636 consists of the following parts, under the general title Non-destructive testing of welds —
Radiographic testing:
Part 1: X- and gamma-ray techniques with film
Part 2: X- and gamma-ray techniques with digital detectors
The main changes are that:
the normative references have been updated;
the document has been divided into two parts — this part of ISO 17636 is applicable to radiographic
testing with digital detectors;
X-ray devices up to 1 000 kV have been included;
Annex C on determination of basic spatial resolution has been added;
Annex D on determination of minimum grey values for CR practice has been introduced;
Annex E with general remarks on grey values has been added;
the text has been editorially revised.
Requests for official interpretations of any aspect of this part of ISO 17636 should be directed to the
Secretariat of ISO/TC 44/SC 5 via your national standards body. A complete listing of these bodies can be
found at www.iso.org.
iv © ISO 2013 – All rights reserved
ISO 17636-2:2013(E)
Introduction
This International Standard specifies fundamental techniques of radiography with the object of enabling
satisfactory and repeatable results to be obtained economically. The techniques are based on generally
recognized practice and fundamental theory of the subject, inspection of fusion welded joints with digital
radiographic detectors.
Digital detectors provide a digital grey v
...
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