EN 474-1:2006

2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.Earth-moving machinery - Safety - Part 1: General requirementsStroji za zemeljska dela - Varnost - 1. del: Splošne zahteveEngins de terrassement - Sécurité - Partie 1: Prescriptions généralesErdbaumaschinen - Sicherheit - Teil 1: Allgemeine AnforderungenTa slovenski standard je istoveten z:EN 474-1:2006SIST EN 474-1:2007en53.100Stroji za zemeljska delaEarth-moving machineryICS:SIST EN 474-1:2000/AC:2000SIST EN 474-1:2000/A1:2000SIST EN 474-1:20001DGRPHãþDSLOVENSKI
STANDARDSIST EN 474-1:200701-maj-2007

EUROPEAN STANDARDNORME EUROPÉENNEEUROPÄISCHE NORMEN 474-1November 2006ICS 53.100Supersedes EN 474-1:1994
English VersionEarth-moving machinery - Safety - Part 1: General requirementsEngins de terrassement - Sécurité - Partie 1: PrescriptionsgénéralesErdbaumaschinen - Sicherheit - Teil 1: AllgemeineAnforderungenThis European Standard was approved by CEN on 17 April 2006.CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this EuropeanStandard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such nationalstandards may be obtained on application to the Central Secretariat or to any CEN member.This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translationunder the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Central Secretariat has the same status as the officialversions.CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France,Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania,Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATIONCOMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATIONEUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNGManagement Centre: rue de Stassart, 36
B-1050 Brussels© 2006 CENAll rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reservedworldwide for CEN national Members.Ref. No. EN 474-1:2006: E

List of significant hazards.34 Annex B (normative)
Requirements for attachment and attachment bracket.38 Annex C (informative)
Requirements for no-text safety signs.40 Annex D (normative)
Requirements for elevating operator's station.42 Annex E (normative)
Requirements for lifting device(s) used for object handling application.44 Annex F (normative)
Requirements for earth-moving machinery used in underground working in non-explosive atmosphere.50 Annex ZA (informative)
Relationship between this European Standard and the Essential Requirements of EU Directive 98/37/EC.52 Bibliography.53
Figures Figure 1 — Minimum clearance of lower limbs at access to the operator's station on
machines with articulated steering.11 Figure 2 — Dimensions access step.12 Figure 3 — Location of measuring points.15 Figure 4 — Position of antenna relative to earth-moving machinery with diesel engines.25 Figure 5 — Position of antenna relative to earth-moving machinery with spark ignition engine.25 Figure C.1 — ”Safety alert symbol”.41 Figure C.2 — "Read operation manual".41 Figure C.3 — "Crushing hazards".41 Figure C.4 — "Cutting hazards".41 Figure C.5 — "Hot surfaces".41

Tables Table 1 — Space envelope height related to machine classification.14 Table A.1 — List of significant hazards.34

1) For travelling on public roads the national traffic regulations apply until harmonised requirements are available. (A CEN-standard is under preparation)

Definitions used in EN and ISO standards referred to in this European Standard are also valid for this document.
3.1 earth-moving machinery self-propelled or towed machine on wheels, crawler or legs, having equipment and/or attachment (working tool), primarily designed to perform excavating, loading, transporting, spreading, compacting or trenching of earth, rock or similar materials NOTE An earth-moving machine is normally operated by a ride-on operator but can also be remote – or pedestrian –controlled. 3.1.1 compact machine earth-moving machinery having an operating mass (see ISO 6016:1998) of 4 500 kg or less, or compact excavators having an operating mass (see ISO 6016:1998) of 6 000 kg or less

The term "rated lift capacity" is defined in ISO 10567:1992 and used in EN 474-5.
Both terms are equivalent.
4 List of significant hazards See Annex A. NOTE Annex A (normative) contains all the significant hazards, hazardous situations and events, as far as they are dealt with in this European Standard, identified by risk assessment as common to two or more machinery families and which require action to eliminate or reduce the risk. 5 Safety requirements and/or measures 5.1 General Earth-moving machinery shall comply with the safety requirements and/or protective measures of this European Standard, as far as not modified by requirements of the relevant specific part of the standard series. In addition, the machine shall be designed according to the principles of EN ISO 12100-1:2003 and EN ISO 12100-2:2003 for hazards relevant but not significant which are not dealt with by this European Standard.

Dimensions in millimetres
Figure 1 — Minimum clearance of lower limbs at access to the operator's station on machines with articulated steering 5.2.3 Access system on crawler machines with step(s) Access step(s) integrated in the track frame shall meet the requirements as stated below (see also Figure 2). A step of an access system can be retracted under an angle of ≤ 15°, if at least the basic dimension of riser height dimension B, and the tread depth F1 according to Figure 1 and Table 1 of EN ISO 2867:2006 is met, measured from the outer edges of the track shoes. In such a case, taken into account the limited view during egress, the step width shall be at least as wide as the minimum in accordance with Table 1 of EN ISO 2867:2006.

Key B
≤ 400 mm F1
≥ 130 mm Q maximum retraction of a step Figure 2 — Dimensions access step 5.3 Operator's station 5.3.1 General requirements 5.3.1.1 Machinery equipment Machines with an operating mass less than 1 500 kg are not required to have a cab. Machines with an operating mass greater than or equal to 1 500 kg shall be equipped with a cab, unless the foreseeable adverse weather conditions allow all-year operation without a cab (negotiated between manufacturer and user). Machines shall be equipped with a cab and a contamination protective system if the machine is intended for use in unhealthy environments, e. g. contaminated areas (negotiated between manufacturer and user). See 5.14.1. If a hazard due to projection of splinters exists, e. g. operation with a hydraulic- or demolition-hammer, an adequate protection such as bullet proof glass, mesh guard or an equivalent protection is required. 5.3.1.2 Minimum space The minimum space available to the operator shall be as defined in EN ISO 3411:1999 (except as amended in 5.3.2.5).

The minimum dimensions given in Table 1 are also required for machines having a front or rear window which are located (in an opened position) above the operator's seat. 5.3.2.6 Heating and ventilation system If a heating system is fitted it shall either: a) comply with ISO 10263-4:1994, or b) have the capability of increasing the temperature of the air inside the cab and maintain a temperature of + 18°C at expected ambient temperature the machine is intended for. The minimum capacity of the heating system shall have a ∆T of 25°C (∆T of 25 K) within 30 min. The test shall run starting with the engine at working temperature as specified by the manufacturer. Measurement of the system capacity shall be made at three points. The three points shall be located in a vertical plane through the SIP and parallel to the longitudinal axis of the machine as follows (see Figure 3): 1) at filament position centre-point as defined in ISO 5006:2006; 2) at the SIP as defined in EN ISO 5353:1998; 3) 100 mm above floor plate and 600 mm in front of SIP.

Figure 3 — Location of measuring points c) Alternatively, the heating capacity can be determined by calculation. The ventilation system shall be capable of providing the cab with filtered fresh air at the minimum of 43 m3/h. The filter shall be tested according to ISO 10263-2:1994. NOTE The filter element selection depends on the intended operating environment conditions. 5.3.2.7 Defrosting system Machine with a cab shall provide facilities to defrost the front and rear window(s), for example by means of a heating system or a particular defrosting device. NOTE A testing method of windscreen defrosting system is described in ISO 10263-5:1994. 5.3.2.8 Pressurisation system Where a cab is provided with a pressurisation system, it shall be tested according to ISO 10263-3:1994 and shall provide an interior relative pressure of at least 50 Pa. 5.3.2.9 Doors and windows Doors, windows and flaps shall be securely held in their functional positions; measures shall be taken for preventing inadvertent opening. Doors shall be retained at their intended operating position(s) by a positive engagement device. A primary opening designed to be held securely open as an intended operating position, shall be releasable from the operator's station. Windows shall be made of safety glass or other material which provides similar safety performance (see e. g. ECE R43). Roof windows do not need additional mechanical safeguarding. The front and rear window(s) shall be fitted with motorised windscreen wiper(s) and washer(s). The tank of the window washer(s) shall be easily accessible.

5.4.1.5 Restraint system Machines fitted with ROPS or TOPS (tip over protective structure) shall have an operator restraint system that meets the requirements specified in EN ISO 6683:2005. 5.4.2 Additional seat 5.4.2.1 Instructor's seat If an additional seat for an instructor is installed in the operator's station, it shall be padded and provide adequate space for the instructor. The instructor shall also have available a conveniently placed handhold. 5.4.2.2 Second operator's seat If a second operator's seat is required for a specific machine, which can be frequently or alternatively used by the operator to perform the application of the machine, this seat shall fulfil the requirements for seats as specified in 5.4 and the safety structures as specified in 5.3.3 (ROPS) and 5.3.4 (FOPS). 5.5 Operator's controls and indicators 5.5.1 General The controls (hand levers, pedals, switches etc.) and indicators of the machine, equipment, attachment, shall be chosen, designed, constructed and arranged according to ISO 10968:2004, so that: a) they are of easy access, in accordance with EN ISO 6682:1995 and ISO 10968:2004; b) neutral positions of controls shall be in accordance with 5.3 of ISO 10968:2004; c) they are clearly identified (see ISO 6405-1:2004 and ISO 6405-2:1993) in the operator's station and explained in the operation manual (see 7.2); d) the movement of the controls to activate the functions and indicators shall correspond to the intended effect or common practice whenever possible; e) the normal engine stop device shall be within the zone of reach (see EN ISO 6682:1995); f) when a control is designed and constructed to carry out several functions of the machine, e. g. keyboard, joystick control, the activated function shall be clearly identified;

Devices intended to increase the stability of earth-moving machinery in working mode (e. g. outriggers, oscillating axle locking) shall be fitted with interlocking devices, e. g. check valve which keeps them in position in case of hose failure or in case of oil leakage. 5.12 Object handling 5.12.1 Lifting device(s) for object handling The lifting device(s) may be either fixed or removable. This device may be located on a bucket, on an arm or any other part of the machine or may be a separate device and shall be:

For earth-moving machinery, the main sources of noise are the engine and the hydraulic components, the cooling system and the undercarriage especially for crawler machines. The engines are subject to an exhaust emission regulation without requirement for noise emission. The design of the earth-moving machinery has to take into account the evolution of the engines, which should stay at a similar level of noise emission but would create more heat. NOTE 3 The majority of earth-moving machinery is subject to noise regulation since 1986. 5.13.1.2 Noise reduction by protective measures In addition to 5.13.1.1, it is recommended to equip the machines with protective measures/devices to reduce the noise emitted. For example, the following measures may be applied:  a cab as defined in 5.3;  enclosure of the engine(s) and cooling system;  exhaust mufflers. 5.13.1.3 Information on noise emission Information on noise emission shall be given by the manufacturer in the operation manual, see 7.2.
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