EN 894-2:1997+A1:2008

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-januar-2009
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Safety of machinery - Ergonomics requirements for the design of displays and control
actuators - Part 2: Displays
Sicherheit von Maschinen - Ergonomische Anforderungen an die Gestaltung von
Anzeigen und Stellteilen - Teil 2: Anzeigen
Sécurité des machines - Spécifications ergonomiques pour la conception des dispositifs
de signalisation et des organes de service - Partie 2: Dispositifs de signalisation
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN 894-2:1997+A1:2008
ICS:
13.110 Varnost strojev Safety of machinery
13.180 Ergonomija Ergonomics
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

EUROPEAN STANDARD
EN 894-2:1997+A1
NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
October 2008
ICS 13.110; 13.180
English Version
Safety of machinery - Ergonomics requirements for the design of
displays and control actuators - Part 2: Displays
Sécurité des machines - Spécifications ergonomiques pour Sicherheit von Maschinen - Ergonomische Anforderungen
la conception des dispositifs de signalisation et des an die Gestaltung von Anzeigen und Stellteilen - Teil 2:
organes de service - Partie 2: Dispositifs de signalisation Anzeigen
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 3 January 1997 and includes Amendment 1 approved by CEN on 14 August 2008.

CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European
Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national
standards may be obtained on application to the CEN Management Centre or to any CEN member.

This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation
under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN Management Centre has the same status as the
official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland,
France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal,
Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.

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C O M I T É E U R O P É E N D E N O R M A LI S A T I O N

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© 2008 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN 894-2:1997+A1:2008: E
worldwide for CEN national Members.

Contents Page
Foreword.3
Introduction .4
1 Scope.4
2 Normative references.4
3 Definitions.4
4 Visual displays.5
4.1 Requirements for detection of visual displays.6
4.1.1 Positioning the display .6
4.1.2 Functional relationships between the display and the operator .7
4.1.3 Environmental factors.7
4.1.4 Other conditions to observe for facilitating signal detection .8
4.2 Requirements for identification of visual displays .8
4.2.1 Symbols used for displays .8
4.2.2 Digital displays.10
4.2.3 Analogue displays.10
4.2.4 Choice of scales for analogue displays .11
4.2.5 Choice of displays in relation to different types of tasks.14
4.2.6 Grouping displays.15
4.3 Requirements for interpretation of visual displays.16
5 Auditory displays.16
5.1 Requirements for detection of auditory displays.17
5.2 Requirements for identification of auditory displays .17
5.3 Requirements for interpretation of auditory displays.17
6 Tactile displays.18
6.1 Requirements for detection of tactile displays.18
6.2 Requirements for identification of tactile displays .18
6.3 Requirements for interpretation of tactile displays .18
Annex A (informative) Shape of digits .20
Annex ZA (informative) !!!!Relationship between this European Standard and the Essential
Requirements of EU Directive 98/37/EC, amended by 98/79/EC"""" .21
Annex ZB (informative) !!!!Relationship between this European Standard and the Essential
Requirements of EU Directive 2006/42/EC"".22
""
Foreword
This document (EN 894-2:1997+A1:2008) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 122
“Ergonomics”, the secretariat of which is held by DIN.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical
text or by endorsement, at the latest by April 2009, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the
latest by December 2009.
This document includes Amendment 1, approved by CEN on 2008-08-14.
This document supersedes EN 894-2:1997.
The start and finish of text introduced or altered by amendment is indicated in the text by tags ! "
This European Standard has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission
and the European Free Trade Association, and supports essential requirements of EU Directive(s).
!For relationship with EU Directive(s), see informative Annexes ZA and ZB, which are integral parts of this
document."
According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following
countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech
Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia,
Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain,
Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.

Introduction
This standard has been prepared to be a harmonised standard in the sense of the Machinery Directive and
associated EFTA regulations.
1 Scope
This European Standard gives guidance on the selection, design and location of displays to avoid potential
ergonomic hazards associated with their use. It specifies ergonomics requirements and covers visual, audible
and tactile displays.
It applies to displays used in machinery (e.g. devices and installations, control panels, operating and
monitoring consoles) for occupational and private use. Specific ergonomics requirements for visual display
terminals (VDTs) used for office tasks are given in the standard EN ISO 9241.
2 Normative references
This European standard incorporates by dated or undated reference, provisions from other publications.
These normative references are cited at the appropriate places in the text and the publications are listed
hereafter. For dated references subsequent amendments to, or revisions of, any of these publications apply to
this European standard only when incorporated in it by amendment or revision. For undated references the
latest edition of the publication referred to applies.
EN 292-1, Safety of machinery - Basic concepts, general principles for design - Part 1: Basic terminology,
methodology.
EN 292-2, Safety of machinery - Basic concepts, general principles for design - Part 2: Technical principles
and specifications.
EN 457, Safety of machinery – Auditory danger signals – General requirements, design and testing (ISO
7731).
EN 614-1, Safety of machinery – Ergonomics design principles – Part 1: Terminology and general principles.
EN ISO 9241, Ergonomics requirements for office work with visual display terminals (VDTs).
EN 61310-1, Safety of machinery – Indication, marking and actuation – Part 1: Requirements for visual,
auditory and tactile signals (IEC 1310-1).
EN 61310-2, Safety of machinery – Indication, marking and actuation – Part 2: Requirements for marking (IEC
1310-2).
3 Definitions
For the purposes of this European Standard, the following definitions apply:
3.1
operator
the person or persons given the task of installing, operating, adjusting, maintaining, cleaning, repairing or
transporting machinery [EN 292-1]
3.2
work task
an activity or activities required to achieve an intended outcome of the work system [EN 614-1]
3.3
work equipment
machinery, tools, vehicles, devices, furniture, installations and other components used in the work system [EN
614-1]
3.4
signal
stimulus related to the status, or change in status, of work equipment which has a potential effect on the
senses of an operator. This European Standard describes signals which may be detected by the eyes (from
visual displays), the ears (from auditory displays), or from the skin (tactile displays)
3.5
display
device for presenting information that can change with the aim of making things visible, audible or
discriminable by touch (tactile)
3.6
digital display
display in which the information is shown in numerical code
3.7
alphanumeric display
display in which the information is shown as a combination of digits and letters.
3.8
analogue display
display in which the status information is shown as a function of length, angle or other dimension. In the case
of visual displays, the information may be shown as a function of pointer deflection, length of a bar graph, or
similar visual quantity. In the case of auditory displays, information may be transmitted as a function of pitch or
loudness. In the case of tactile displays, the information may be transmitted as a function of the display's
vibration (frequency or amplitude), or of the display's displacement.
3.9
symbols
letters, digits, pictorial representations, or combinations of these, used for labelling a display's graduations, or
as a means of identifying the display itself.
3.10
perception
psychophysiological process occurring in the central nervous system, the product of which is knowledge about
the environment. Perception is a dynamic process and is not determined merely by the parameters of the
signals which initiated it. As a consequence, it is possible that the information obtained may be incomplete,
uncertain, or incorrect.
Knowledge may be based on one or more of the following levels of perception: detection, identification, and
interpretation. Detection is the perceptual process by which the operator becomes aware of the mere
presence of a signal. Identification is the perceptual process by which the detected signal is distinguished from
other signals. Interpretation is the combination of perceptual and cognitive processes by which the contents
and significance of the identified signal are recognised.
4 Visual displays
Visual displays can be used to transmit large quantities of information to the operator, in a variety of ways.
4.1 Requirements for detection of visual displays
4.1.1 Positioning the display
The physiological and functional requirements of the operator and the unobstructed lines of sight available
during task performance determine the positioning of the visual display relative to the operator. The size of the
operator's visual field is limited, which in turn limits the number of displays which can be attended to at any
one time.
Two different types of visual task are distinguished: detection tasks and monitoring t
...