EN 999:1998+A1:2008

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-december-2008
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Safety of machinery - The positioning of protective equipment in respect of approach
speeds of parts of the human body
Sicherheit von Maschinen - Anordnung von Schutzeinrichtungen im Hinblick auf
Annäherungsgeschwindigkeiten von Körperteilen
Sécurité des machines - Positionnement des équipements de protection en fonction de
la vitesse d'approche des parties du corps
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN 999:1998+A1:2008
ICS:
13.110 Varnost strojev Safety of machinery
13.180 Ergonomija Ergonomics
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

EUROPEAN STANDARD
EN 999:1998+A1
NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
July 2008
ICS 13.110; 13.180 Supersedes EN 999:1998
English Version
Safety of machinery - The positioning of protective equipment in
respect of approach speeds of parts of the human body
Sécurité des machines - Positionnement des équipements Sicherheit von Maschinen - Anordnung von
de protection en fonction de la vitesse d'approche des Schutzeinrichtungen im Hinblick auf
parties du corps Annäherungsgeschwindigkeiten von Körperteilen
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 20 September 1998 and includes Amendment 1 approved by CEN on 6 June 2008.

CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European
Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national
standards may be obtained on application to the CEN Management Centre or to any CEN member.

This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation
under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN Management Centre has the same status as the
official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland,
France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal,
Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.

EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION

EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG

Management Centre: rue de Stassart, 36  B-1050 Brussels
© 2008 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN 999:1998+A1:2008: E
worldwide for CEN national Members.

Contents Page
Foreword.3
Introduction .4
1 Scope .4
2 Normative references .5
3 Definitions .6
4 Methodology.7
5 General formula for the calculation of minimum distances.9
6 Calculation of minimum distances for electro-sensitive protective equipment employing
active opto-electronic protective devices .9
6.1 Direction of approach normal to the detection zone .10
6.2 Direction of approach parallel to the detection zone.13
6.3 Direction of approach angled to the detection zone.14
6.4 Dual position equipment.16
7 Method of calculating the minimum distances for ground level trip devices .16
7.1 General method.16
7.2 Floor mounting.17
7.3 Step mounting.17
8 Two-hand control devices .17
Annex A (informative) Worked examples.18
Annex B (informative) Walking speeds and stride lengths.22
Annex ZA (informative) !Relationship between this European Standard and the Essential
Requirements of EU Directive 98/37/EC".23
Annex ZB (informative) !Relationship between this European Standard and the Essential
Requirements of EU Directive 2006/42/EC".24

Foreword
This document (EN 999:1998+A1:2008) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 114 “Safety of
machinery”, the secretariat of which is held by DIN.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical
text or by endorsement, at the latest by January 2009, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at
the latest by January 2009.
This document includes Amendment 1, approved by CEN on 2008-06-06.
This document supersedes EN 999:1998.
The start and finish of text introduced or altered by amendment is indicated in the text by tags ! ".
It is a Type B1 standard and is intended to be an accompaniment to the European Standards EN 292-1 and
EN 292-2.
This document has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the
European Free Trade Association, and supports essential requirements of EC Directive(s).
!For relationship with EC Directive(s), see informative Annexes ZA and ZB, which are integral parts of this
document."
According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following
countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech
Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia,
Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain,
Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.

Introduction
The effectiveness of certain types of protective equipment described in this standard to minimise risk relies, in
part, on the relevant parts of that equipment being correctly positioned in relation to the danger zone. In
deciding on these positions a number of aspects will need to be taken into account such as:
 A need for the identification of hazards and an assessment of all the risks;
 Practical experiences of users including accident statistics and existing national standards;
 The state of the art and possible future technical developments;
 Type of equipment to be used;
 Response times of protective equipment used;
 Time taken to ensure the safe condition of the machine following operation of the protective equipment,
e.g. to stop the machine;
 Bio-mechanical and anthropometric data of body parts;
 Path taken by body part when moving from the sensing or actuating means towards the danger zone;
 The possible presence of a person between the device and the danger zone;
 The possibility of undetected access to the danger zone.
If these aspects are further developed the current state of the art, reflected in this standard, will be improved.
1 Scope
1.1 This European Standard provides parameters based on values for hand/arm and approach speeds and
the methodology to determine the minimum distances from specific sensing or actuating devices of protective
equipment to a danger zone.
1.2 These specific devices are:
 Trip devices as defined in 3.23.5 of EN 292-1:1991 (specifically electro-sensitive protective equipment,
including those used additionally to initiate operation, and pressure sensitive mats).
 Two-hand control devices as defined in 3.23.4 of EN 292-1:1991 and covered by EN 574.
NOTE For the purpose of this standard hold-to-run controls, which are designed to be actuated with one hand, are
not considered to be protective equipment.
1.3 This standard gives guidance based on the assumption that the correct device has been chosen either by
reference to the appropriate Type-C standard or by carrying out a risk assessment.
1.4 The calculated distances, when implemented, will provide sufficient protection for persons against the
risks caused by approaching a danger zone which generate any of the following mechanical hazards, such as:
Crushing, shearing, cutting or severing, entanglement, drawing-in or trapping, friction or abrasion, stabbing or
puncture and impact.
Protection against the risks from mechanical hazards arising from the ejection of solid or fluid materials and
non-mechanical hazards such as toxic emissions, electricity, radiation etc. are not covered by this standard.
1.5 The distances are derived from data that take into account population groups likely to be found in
European countries and are consequently applicable to those groups.
NOTE 1 If this standard is to be used for non-industrial purposes then the designer should take into account that this
data is based on industrial experience.
NOTE 2 Until specific data is available for approach speeds for children, this standard uses adult speeds and lower
detection factors, where relevant, to calculate the distances that could be within the reach of children.
1.6 This standard does not apply to protective equipment which is intended to be moved, without tools,
nearer to the danger zone than the calculated distance, e.g. pendant two-hand control devices.
1.7 The minimum distances derived from this standard do not apply to protective equipment used to detect
the presence of persons within an area already protected by a guard or electro-sensitive protective equipment.
2 Normative references
This European Standard incorporates by dated or undated reference, provisions from other publications.
These normative references are cited at the appropriate places in the text and the publications are listed
hereafter. For dated references, subsequent amendments to or revisions of any of these publications apply to
this European Standard only when incorporated in it by amendment or revision. For undated references the
latest edition of the publication referred to applies.
EN 292-1:1991, Safety of machinery - Basic concepts, general principles for design — Part 1: Basic
terminology, methodology.
EN 292-2, Safety of machinery - Basic concepts, general principles for design — Part 2: Technical principles
and specifications.
EN 294:1992, Safety of machinery – Safety distances to prevent danger zones being reached by the upper
limbs.
EN 574, Earth-moving machinery – Two-hand control devices – Functional aspects, principles for design.
EN 1050, Safety of machinery – Principles for risk assessment.
EN 61496-1:1997, Safety of machinery – Electro-sensitive protective equipment – Part 1: General
requirements and tests (IEC 61496-1:1997).
3 Definitions
For the purposes of this standard the following definitions apply. Other definitions are given in EN 292-1 and
EN 292-2.
3.1
actuation (of protective equipment)
physical initiation of the protective equipment when it detects movement of the body or a part of the body
3.2
overall system stopping performance
time or travel occurring from the actuation of the sensing function to the cessation of hazardous motion, or to
the machine assuming a safe condition
[based on 3.20 of EN 61496-1:1997]
The overall system stopping performance comprises a minimum of two phases.
T = t + t , where
1 2
T is the overall system stopping performance.
t is the maximum time between the actuation of the sensing function and the output signal switching devices
being in the off state,
t is the maximum response time of the machine, i.e. the time required to stop the machine or remove the
risks after receiving the output signal from the protective equipment. t is influenced by various factors, e.g.
temperature, switching time of valves, ageing of components.
The relationship of t and t is given in figure 1.
1 2
t and t are functions of the protective equipment and the machine respectively and are determined by design
1 2
and measurement.
a) Actuating of protective equipment
b) Operation of protective equipment
c) Elimination of risk
Figure 1 — Relationship between t and t
1 2
3.3
detection capability
the sensing function parameter limit specified by the supplier that will cause actuation of the electro-sensitive
protective equipment (EPSE).
[3.4 of EN 61496-1:1997]
NOTE Symbol d is used throughout the standard.
3.4
electro-sensitive protecti
...