EN 17988-5:2024

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-februar-2025
Krožna zasnova ribolovnega orodja in opreme za akvakulturo - 5. del: Krožni
poslovni model
Circular design of fishing gear and aquaculture equipment - Part 5: Circular business
model
Kreislaufwirtschaftliche Gestaltung von Fischfanggeräten und Aquakulturausrüstungen -
Teil 5: Kreislaufwirtschaftliches Geschäftsmodell
Circularité et recyclabilité des engins de pêche et des équipements d’aquaculture -
Partie 5 : Modèles d’économie circulaire
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN 17988-5:2024
ICS:
13.020.20 Okoljska ekonomija. Environmental economics.
Trajnostnost Sustainability
65.150 Ribolov in ribogojstvo Fishing and fish breeding
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

EN 17988-5
EUROPEAN STANDARD
NORME EUROPÉENNE
November 2024
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
ICS 13.020.20; 65.150
English Version
Circular design of fishing gear and aquaculture equipment
- Part 5: Circular business models
Circularité et recyclabilité des engins de pêche et des Kreislaufdesign von Fischfanggeräten und
équipements d'aquaculture - Partie 5 : Modèles Aquakulturausrüstungen - Teil 5:
d'économie circulaire Kreislaufwirtschaftliche Geschäftsmodelle
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 30 September 2024.

CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this
European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references
concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN
member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by
translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management
Centre has the same status as the official versions.

CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway,
Poland, Portugal, Republic of North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Türkiye and
United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION

EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG

CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Rue de la Science 23, B-1040 Brussels
© 2024 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN 17988-5:2024 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.

Contents Page
European foreword . 3
Introduction . 4
1 Scope . 6
2 Normative references . 6
3 Terms and definitions. 6
4 Principle . 7
4.1 General . 7
4.2 Value networks for fishing gear and aquaculture equipment . 8
5 Identification and list of benefits . 9
6 Identifying key elements for developing circular business models . 13
6.1 General . 13
6.2 Key elements . 13
6.3 Supportive measures . 15
Annex A (informative) Examples . 16
A.1 Example 1: Leasing/renting of fishing gear and aquaculture equipment . 16
A.2 Example 2: Take-back scheme for fishing gear and aquaculture equipment . 17
A.3 Example 3: Sharing . 18
A.4 Example 4: Service and maintenance contract . 19
Bibliography . 21

European foreword
This document (EN 17988-5:2024) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 466
“Circularity and recyclability of fishing gear and aquaculture equipment”, the secretariat of which is
held by NEN.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an
identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by May 2025, and conflicting national standards shall
be withdrawn at the latest by May 2025.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject
of patent rights. CEN shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
This document has been prepared under a standardization request addressed to CEN by the
European Commission (M/574). The Standing Committee of the EFTA States subsequently approves
these requests for its Member States.
This document is part of the EN 17988 series.
The EN 17988 series consists of the following parts, under the general title Circular design of fishing
gear and aquaculture equipment:
— Part 1: General requirements and guidelines
— Part 2: User manuals and labelling
— Part 3: Technical requirements and guidelines
— Part 4: Environmental and circularity requirements and guidelines
— Part 5: Circular business models
— Part 6: Requirements and guidelines for digitalization of information of components of fishing
gear and aquaculture equipment
Any feedback and questions on this document should be directed to the users’ national standards
body. A complete listing of these bodies can be found on the CEN website.
According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organisations of the
following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria,
Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary,
Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal,
Republic of North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland,
Türkiye and the United Kingdom.
Introduction
As part of the European Green Deal, launched in 2019, the European Commission introduced
measures to move to a climate neutral and circular economy, together with a digital transition. One
of the targets in the transition to a circular economy was to reduce the amount of waste released into
the environment by decreasing the amount of waste generated, increasing the amount of waste
collected and re-introducing the materials regenerated from waste into the production of new
products.
Specifically, the accumulation of plastics in marine and other aquatic environments were addressed
in two directives:
— The revised Port Reception Facilities (PRF) Directive [1] encourages fishers and aquaculturists
to bring not only their own end-of-use gear but also bring ashore abandoned, lost or otherwise
discarded (ALD) fishing gear and aquaculture equipment, thus encouraging waste to be carried
back to port.
— The Single Use Plastics (SUP) Directive [2], which lays down rules concerning different plastic
products, including fishing gear and aquaculture equipment containing plastics, and sets
requirements to the Member States to establish Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR)
schemes. Concerning fishing gear, it also contains rules on minimum national annual collection
rates, together with reporting on fishing gear placed on the market and waste fishing gear
collected in ports.
In 2021, the standardization request M/574 on the circular design of fishing gear [3] was passed by
the European Commission and the parliament and accepted by CEN, which forms the basis for this
series of documents (EN 17988 series). While the term ‘fishing gear’ is used predominantly in the
SUP Directive and M/574, both documents encompass aquaculture equipment.
The purpose of this series of documents is to provide stakeholders with requirements,
recommendations and guidelines to address the different aspects of circular design of fishing gear
and aquaculture equipment containing plastics, encourage preparing for reuse and facilitate
recyclability at end-of-use. These requirements are intended to be applied from the design phase
across the entire life cycle of the fishing gear and aquaculture equipment. This includes but is not
limited to: manufacturing, use, maintenance, repair, collection, sorting, preparation for recycling,
reuse, remanufacture, disposal, uptake of recycled content and recycling.
Although this standard is written for fishing gear and aquaculture equipment containing plastics, the
requirements, recommendations and guidelines are also applicable to other materials.
This series of documents does not address other important design criteria such as fishing or farming
efficiency. When implementing the requirements, recommendations and guidelines provided in
these documents, balanced trade-offs between all relevant criteria need to be taken into account.
This series of documents aims to contribute to the following UN Sustainable Development Goals
(SDGs) [4]:
— 9 Industry, innovation, and infrastructure,
— 12 Responsible consumption and production,
— 14 Life below water, in particular target 14.1: ‘By 2025, prevent and significantly reduce marine
pollution of all kinds, in particular from land-based activities, including marine debris and
nutrient pollution.’
For a full outline of the parts of the standard, and how the parts relate to each other, see part 1.
Part 5 addresses developing circular business models for fishing gear and aquaculture equipment.
Circular business models are intended to keep a product in its original intended use for as long as
possible, as well as to provide business opportunities with other sectors. Such interactions enable
the development of completely new market and cooperation opportunities.
This document provides supporting guidelines for Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR) schemes
for fishing gear and aquaculture equipment.
Note to the reader on normative language: In this document, the following verbal forms are used in
accordance with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations Part 3, Clause 7:
— “shall” indicates a requirement;
— “should” indicates a recommendation;
— “may” indicates a permission;
— “can” indicates a possibility or a capability
— “must” indicates an external constraint.
1 Scope
This document provides guidelines and fundamental principles for the development of circular
business models for fishing gear and aquaculture equipment containing plastics.
It discusses opportunities for value retention, product life extension and recycling of fishing gear and
aquaculture equipment.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments)
applies.
EN 17988-1, Circular design of fishing gear and aquaculture equipment – Part 1: General requirements
and guidelines
EN 17988-2, Circular design of fishing gear and aquaculture equipment – Part 2: User manuals and
labelling
EN 17988-4, Circular design of fishing gear and aquaculture equipment - Part 4: Environmental and
circularity requirements and guidelines
EN 17988-6, Circular design of fishing gear and aquaculture equipment – Part 6: Requirements and
guidelines for digitalization of information of components of fishing gear and aquaculture equipment
CEN/TS 18101, Circular design of fishing gear and aquaculture equipment - Terms and definitions
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in CEN/TS 18101 apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at http://www.iso.org/obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at http://www.electropedia.org/
4 Principle
4.1 General
Often the transition from a linear to a circular economy is depicted as the closing of the value chain
(see A) and B) in Figure 1), while it rather should be seen as the transition to a value network (see C)
in Figure 1). Only when looking beyond the life cycle of a specific product to the network of possible
combinations of the different stages of product life cycles can a material, component, part or product
remain in the (circular) economy as long as possible. The aim shall always be to choose the pathway
giving the highest possible value to the materials, components, parts and products. In this context it
is important to identify the possible gaps and opportunities.
One example of a potential opportunity is the current trend to take up materials, components, parts
and products from fishing gear or aquaculture equipment applications and introduce them into the
fashion industry, for example as fabric and/or apparel. These initiatives can be viewed as stunts
rather than fully developed business models. However, they have value in promoting circularity
commercially and with customers. This can be an important step towards developing stronger
networks and therefore, increasingly advanced business models.

Key
A linear value chain 1 materials
B circular value chain 2 waste
C circular value network 3 products
4 close the loop
5 from chain to network
Figure 1 — Circular economy transition process [adapted from ISO 59010:2024, Figure 4]
The ultimate goals of the circular economy are (i) to eliminate the production of waste and pollution,
(ii) circulate all materials, components, parts and products at their highest value, and (iii) regenerate
nature, while decoupling economic activity from the consumption of finite resources and minimising
emissions and losses from the economic system. This document aims to provide the reader with tools
to develop or participate in the development of business models which support these ultimate goals.
In a first step the type of business model shall be determined. Selected examples for different
business models are provided in Annex A.
In a second step the key elements for the business model shall be identified. Clause 6 provides
guidelines for identifying and implementing the key elements for developing and setting up business
models. It is advisable to draft several business models, taking into account possible variations of the
key elements. These different business models shall then be compared, and the most suitable options
shall be identified.
The aim shall be to develop self-sufficient business models and processes, but in some cases,
subsidies can be needed to start up the process until it can become self-sufficient or to support the
process when economic values change.
4.2 Value networks for fishing gear and aquaculture equipment
Figure 2 shows a diagram describing part of a circular value network applicable to fishing gear and
aquaculture equipment.
Key
Beginning/end Input/output
Process Flow of product
Decision Flow of waste
NOTE 1 In this figure, ‘repurpose' is defined as product that can be used in other industries. Repurpose can
also be interpreted as a strategy and is one of the valid R-strategies available
NOTE 2 Waste can be produced in any (re)-processing step
Figure 2 —Diagram describing part of a circular value network applicable to fishing gear and
aquaculture equipment
In Annex A, selected examples for circular business models are described, based on business models
already implemented in other sectors.
5 Identification and list of benefits
Table 1 reflects the state of the art at the time of drafting this document; it can be expected that
existing processes will be improved, and new processes are developed. It is therefore important to
always take the most recent status when developing circular business models.
Table 1 — Guidelines for identification of available values of materials and components (after disassembly/dismantling)
Circularity Available value Restored value Available value for Possible challenge/ Energy con- Labour
b b
aspect from the action buyer trade-off sumption intensity
d
Repair The product has Approaching Cheaper than Price and quality of the Low High
the specified 100% possible buying new product need to be
quality to be used competitive
Faster to have a
a
as product
tailor-made part
repaired
Reuse in same The product has Value retained Cheaper than Price and quality of the Low Low
application the specified buying new product need to be
quality to be used competitive
Faster to buy
a
as product
second hand Not applicable for tailor
made parts
Refurbishing The product has Approaching Cheaper than Price and quality of the Depending Depending
100% possible buying new product need to be on the on the
the specified
(re-introduce
quality to be used competitive process process
into same Faster to have
a
as product (low - (low -
application) tailor-made
medium) medium)
Alternative adaptation
resource: enlarge
pool of available
resources
Repurpose The product has Can be higher Cheaper than Price and quality of the Low Low
(Sell to other the specified than 100% buying new product need to be
application/ quality to be used competitive
a
industry as product
(other
Alternative
c
products ))
resource: enlarge
pool of available
resources
Circularity Available value Restored value Available value for Possible challenge/ Energy con- Labour
b b
aspect from the action buyer trade-off sumption intensity
Mechanical Alternative Approaching Use of recycled Energy consumption High Depending
recycling resource: enlarge 100 % for high resources on the
Investments
(mono pool of available purity feedstock process (e.g.
Compliance with
Available techniques/
material) resources manual pre-
(Reduces with requirements on
processes depend on
sorting
each cycle) recycled content
type of polymer
process:
Output quality depends
high)
on feedstock quality
Mecha
...