EN ISO 19399:2017

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-marec-2018
Barve in laki - Ugotavljanje debeline suhega filma z metodo klinastega reza
(metoda s praskanjem in vrtanjem) (ISO 19399:2016)
Paints and varnishes - Wedge-cut method for determination of film thickness (scribe and
drill method) (ISO 19399:2016)
Beschichtungsstoffe - Bestimmung der Trockenschichtdicke mit dem Keilschnittverfahren
(Ritz- und Bohrmethode) (ISO 19399:2016)
Peintures et vernis - Détermination de l'épaisseur par la méthode d'entaille en coin
(Méthode de rayer et de forage) (ISO 19399:2016)
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN ISO 19399:2017
ICS:
87.040 Barve in laki Paints and varnishes
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

EN ISO 19399
EUROPEAN STANDARD
NORME EUROPÉENNE
December 2017
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
ICS 87.040
English Version
Paints and varnishes - Wedge-cut method for
determination of film thickness (scribe and drill method)
(ISO 19399:2016)
Peintures et vernis - Détermination de l'épaisseur par Beschichtungsstoffe - Bestimmung der
la méthode d'entaille en coin (Méthode de rayer et de Trockenschichtdicke mit dem Keilschnittverfahren
forage) (ISO 19399:2016) (Ritz- und Bohrmethode) (ISO 19399:2016)
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 23 November 2017.

CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this
European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references
concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN
member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by
translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management
Centre has the same status as the official versions.

CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania,
Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland,
Turkey and United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION

EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG

CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels
© 2017 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN ISO 19399:2017 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.

Contents Page
European foreword . 3

European foreword
The text of ISO 19399:2016 has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 35 "Paints and
varnishes" of the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) and has been taken over as EN
ISO 19399:2017 by Technical Committee CEN/TC 139 “Paints and varnishes” the secretariat of which is
held by DIN.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an
identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by June 2018, and conflicting national standards shall be
withdrawn at the latest by June 2018.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. CEN shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the
following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria,
Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia,
France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta,
Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland,
Turkey and the United Kingdom.
Endorsement notice
The text of ISO 19399:2016 has been approved by CEN as EN ISO 19399:2017 without any modification.

INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 19399
First edition
2016-05-01
Paints and varnishes — Wedge-cut
method for determination of film
thickness (scribe and drill method)
Peintures et vernis — Détermination de l’épaisseur par la méthode
d’entaille en coin (Méthode de rayer et de forage)
Reference number
ISO 19399:2016(E)
©
ISO 2016
ISO 19399:2016(E)
© ISO 2016, Published in Switzerland
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form
or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior
written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below or ISO’s member body in the country of
the requester.
ISO copyright office
Ch. de Blandonnet 8 • CP 401
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva, Switzerland
Tel. +41 22 749 01 11
Fax +41 22 749 09 47
copyright@iso.org
www.iso.org
ii © ISO 2016 – All rights reserved

ISO 19399:2016(E)
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Principle . 2
5 Wedge-cut principle . 2
6 Apparatus . 5
6.1 Method A . 5
6.2 Method B . 7
6.3 Measuring microscope . 8
7 Test specimens. 8
8 Procedure. 8
8.1 Sample preparation . 8
8.2 Number of determinations . 8
8.3 Method A (wedge-cut scribe) . 8
8.4 Method B (wedge-cut bore) . 9
9 Precision . 9
10 Test report . 9
Annex A (informative) Error sources and measuring problems .11
Annex B (informative) Evaluation with tilted specimen .16
Annex C (informative) Evaluation with curved specimen .21
Bibliography .27
ISO 19399:2016(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation on the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions related to conformity
assessment, as well as information about ISO’s adherence to the WTO principles in the Technical
Barriers to Trade (TBT) see the following URL: Foreword - Supplementary information
The committee responsible for this document is ISO/TC 35, Paints and varnishes, Subcommittee SC 9,
General test methods for paints and varnishes.
iv © ISO 2016 – All rights reserved

INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 19399:2016(E)
Paints and varnishes — Wedge-cut method for
determination of film thickness (scribe and drill method)
1 Scope
This International Standard specifies a destructive method for determination of the dry film thickness,
in which damage to the coat caused in a definite manner is evaluated microscopically. The method is
suitable for almost all coat-substrate combinations and also allows determination of the single film
thicknesses of coating systems.
The method cannot be applied or can only be applied with restrictions in case of
— too soft and/or elastic coatings (no recognizable scribe or drill hole can be observed),
— hard (cannot be scribed/drilled) or too soft and/or elastic substrates,
— too low visual contrast between the coating and substrate, and
— film thicknesses that are larger than the depth of field of the measuring microscope.
2 Normative references
The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are
indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated
references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 4618, Paints and varnishes — Terms and definitions
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 4618 and the following apply.
3.1
substrate
surface to which a coating material is applied or is to be applied
[SOURCE: ISO 4618:2014, 2.244]
3.2
coating
layer formed from a single or multiple application of a coating material to a substrate
[SOURCE: ISO 4618:2014, 2.50.1]
3.3
coating system
combination of all coats of coating materials which are to be applied or which have been applied to a
substrate
Note 1 to entry: The actual coating system can be characterized by the number of coats involved.
Note 2 to entry: See also coating (3.2).
[SOURCE: ISO 4618:2014, 2.54]
ISO 19399:2016(E)
3.4
single coat
part of a coating system
3.5
total film thickness
distance between the surface of the coating and surface of the substrate
3.6
single film thickness
distance between the surface of a single coat and the surface of the coat (substrate) underneath
3.7
dry-film thickness
thickness of a coating remaining on the surface when the coating has hardened
[SOURCE: ISO 2808:2007, 3.5]
3.8
wedge cut
damage to the coating system caused mechanically under the specified angle to the surface and
extending into the substrate
Note 1 to entry: The wedge cut can be implemented as a linear scribe or as a conical bore hole.
3.9
wedge-cut image
microscopic image of a wedge cut
3.10
adhesive failure
detachment of a coating from the substrate caused by external forces
Note 1 to entry: The substrate can be another coating beneath or the basic material.
3.11
cohesion failure
loss of cohesion within a coating caused by external forces
4 Principle
A wedge cut with a known flank angle is made in the coating using a scribing or drilling tool. The
film thickness is calculated from the width of the flank projection of the wedge cut obtained with the
measuring microscope.
5 Wedge-cut principle
The wedge cut for determination of the film thickness according to this International Standard can be
made using a scribing tool (method A) or a drilling tool (method B).
Figure 1 shows a wedge cut according to method A in the cross section. The basis length, l, is the
projection of the wedge-cut flank within the coating and is measured with a microscope between the
upper and lower contrast mark in micrometres.
2 © ISO 2016 – All rights reserved

ISO 19399:2016(E)
Key
1 coating
2 substrate
3 lower contrast mark (intersection from the substrate to the coating)
4 upper contrast mark
l wedge-cut basis
t dry-film thickness
d
α wedge-cut angle
Figure 1 — Wedge cut according to method A (single coat/cross section)
The film thickness is determined according to Formula (1):
tl=⋅ tan α (1)
d
where
t is the dry-film thickness, in micrometres;
d
l is the wedge-cut base (microscope reading), in micrometres;
tan α is the wedge-cut factor of the wedge-cut tool used.
NOTE 1 Instruments are available where the microscope reading is indicated in “number of scale divisions”
and the wedge-cut factor in “micrometres per scale division”.
NOTE 2 Instruments are available where the microscope reading (in micrometres) for calculating the film
thickness is divided by a divisor assigned to the wedge-cut tool.
The film thickness measuring range is as follows:
— determined by the wedge-cut angle, the dimensions of the wedge-cut tool and the scale measuring
range of the microscope;
— limited by the depth of field of the measuring microscope (see A.9).
The resolution of the dry-film thickness measurement is determined by the wedge-cut angle and the
scale division of the measuring microscope.
EXAMPLE For the usual wedge-cut angles α = 5,7° and α = 14,0°, the following is indicated in Table 1:
—  the wedge-cut factor tan α;
—  the dry-film thickness measuring range (= scale measuring range × tan α);
—  the absolute dry-film thickness resolution Δ (= scale division × tan α);
a
ISO 19399:2016(E)
—  the relative dry-film thickness resolution Δ (= (Δ /t ) × 100; t = dry-film thickness).
r a d d
In the above, it is assumed that the measuring microscope has a scale measuring range of 2 mm, as well
as a scale division of 0,02 mm and that the wedge-cut tool is sufficiently dimensioned.
Table 1 — Numerical data on the wedge-cut method
Wedge-cut angle α ° 5,7 14,0
Wedge-cut factor tan α 0,10 0,25
Film thickness measuring range µm up to 200 up to 500
Absolute film thickness resolution Δ µm 2 5
a
Relative film thickness resolution Δ % 200/t 500/t
r d d
Figure 2 shows a wedge cut according to method B in the cross section (I) and the associated wedge-cut
image (II) visible through the microscope. Here, the section l to be measured with the microscope is the
distance between the concentric circles.
Key
1 cross section
2 wedge-cut image
I coating
II substrate
l wedge-cut basis
t dry-film thickness
d
α wedge-cut angle
Figure 2 — Wedge cut according to method B (single coat)
In the case of coating systems, the single film thicknesses can be determined in a similar manner.
Figure 3 shows the wedge-cut scribe (method A) for a 2-coat system. The single dry-film thicknesses t
d1
and t are then calculated from the microscope readings l and l with Formula (1) for t = l · tan α
d2 1 2 d1 1
and t = l · tan α.
d2 2
4 © ISO 2016 – All rights reserved

ISO 19399:2016(E)
Key
1 single coat 1
2 single coat 2
3 substrate
l wedge-cut basis associated with t (i = 1, 2)
i di
t dry-film thickness of the single coat i (i = 1, 2)
di
α wedge-cut angle
Figure 3 — Wedge cut according to method A (2-coat system/cross section)
6 Apparatus
6.1 Method A
6.1.1 Wedge-cut scribing device, as shown schematically in Figure 4, with the following features.
6.1.1.1 The stylus 6 is fastened interchangeably in the metal block 7 and protrudes as far out as the
support bolts 3.
NOTE There are wedge-cut scribing devices that are equipped with support wheels instead of the
support bolts.
6.1.1.2 The device shall be adjusted so that, when placed on an even surface, the stylus axis 8 is
oriented vertically to this surface.
ISO 19399:2016(E)
a) Side view
b) Front view
Key
1 direction of load 5 substrate
2 direction of scribing 6 wedge-cut stylus
3 support bolts 7 metal block
4 coating 8 stylus axis
Figure 4 — Wedge-cut scribing device
6.1.2 Wedge-cut stylus, made from hard metal with a form according to Figure 5, with indication of
the wedge-cut factor and/or the wedge-cut angle.
Key
1 shaft 3 stylus axis
2 cutting edge α wedge-cut angle
Figure 5 — Wedge-cut stylus
6 © ISO 2016 – All rights reserved

ISO 19399:2016(E)
6.2 Method B
6.2.1 Wedge-cut drilling device, as shown schematically in Figure 6, with the following features.
6.2.1.1 The rotational movement of the drill bit 9 fastened interchangeably in the drilling spindle 4
(see Figure 6) may be generated manually or by an electromotive drive.
6.2.1.2 The device shall be adjusted so that, when placed on an even surface, the drill axis 2 is oriented
vertically to this surface.
Key
1 direction of load 6 support
2 drill axis 7 coating
3 rotational movement 8 substrate
4 drilling spindle with chuck 9 wedge-cut drill bit
5 drilling spindle guide 10 housing
Figure 6 — Wedge-cut drilling device
6.2.2 Wedge-cut drill bit, made from hard metal with a form according to Figure 7, with indication of
the wedge-cut factor and/or the wedge-cut angle.
Key
1 coupling 4 cutting edge
2 shaft 5 drill axis
3 drill head α wedge-cut angle
Figure 7 — Wedge-cut drill
ISO 19399:2016(E)
6.3 Measuring microscope
Measuring microscope, with illumination device and with
— a minimum of 40x magnification,
— a measuring range of minimum 2 mm, and
— a scale division of maximum 0,02 mm.
NOTE 1 Standard wedge-cut devices are equipped with an integral measuring microscope and an integral
illumination device.
NOTE 2 Instead of a conventional measuring microscope, a video microscope can be used and the wedge-cut
image evaluated digitally.
7 Test specimens
The specimens shall exhibit a planar area, which is at least twice as big as the base plane of the
wedge-cut device.
NOTE 1 Clamping devices are available for wedge-cut drilling devices (method B), which also enable
measurements on specimens with a very small planar area (typical dimensions: 15 mm × 15 mm). Specimens with
complex geometry (e.g. profiles) can also be fastened with these devices for measuring the dry-film thickness of
such specimens.
NOTE 2 Under certain boundary conditions, film thickness determinations on curved specimens are also
possible (see Annex C).
8 Procedure
8.1 Sample preparation
A laminar contrast marking should preferably be applied to the coating in the area in which the
wedge-cut is to be made, so as to make the microscopic measurement easier.
A black permanent felt-tip pen is normally used for bright coatings. A white or silver-coloured paint felt-
tip pen may be used for dark specimens. In this case, the marking coat shall be applied thinly and shall
be fully hardened before making the wedge cut. It shall be ensured that the solvent in the felt-tip pen
does not attack the coating.
8.2 Number of determinations
For each determination of the dry-film thickness, three wedge-cut scribes or wedge-cut drills,
respectively, shall be applied on the test panel. The wedge-cut basis, l, shall be measured for each cut or
each drill at two different test points.
8.3 Method A (wedge-cut scribe)
8.3.1 Insert the wedge-cut stylus (6.1.2) for the intended measuring range according to 6.1.1.1 into the
wedge-cut scribing device (6.1.1) and fix.
8.3.2 Place the scribing device on the coating and pull with a speed of about 10 mm/s over a section of
minimum 10 mm (see Key 2 in Figure 4). When doing so, press down the scribing device so that a scribe
is made down into the substrate.
8 © ISO 2016 – All rights reserved

ISO 19399:2016(E)
8.3.3 Place the measuring microscope (6.3) on the coating and measure the width of the projection of
the wedge-cut flank from the surface (marking) to the substrate (see Figure 1) transverse to the wedge-
cut scribe at two points of the scribe.
8.3.4 Use the measured values and the wedge-cut factor of the stylus to calculate the dry-film
thicknesses, in micrometres, according to Formula (1).
8.3.5 Repeat implementation steps 8.3.2 to 8.3.4 at two further points on the specimen.
8.3.6 As a result, indicate the mean value, in micrometres, from the six determinations.
8.3.7 To determine the single-dry-film thicknesses of a coating systems, proceed analogously and
according to Clause 5.
8.4 Method B (wedge-cut bore)
8.4.1 Insert the wedge-cut drill bit (6.2.2) for the intended measuring range into the wedge-cut drilling
device (6.2.1) and fix.
8.4.2 Place the drilling device on the coating and lower the rotating drill bit onto the coating. When
doing so, load the drilling spindle axially
...