EN 16296:2021
(Main)Imperfections in thermoplastics welded joints - Quality levels
Imperfections in thermoplastics welded joints - Quality levels
This document specifies quality levels for imperfections in thermoplastics welded joints that have cooled to ambient temperature and is applicable to material thickness above 2,0 mm.
Three quality levels are specified in order to permit application for a wide range of welded fabrication. They are designated by symbols B, C and D, where B is the most stringent. The quality levels refer to production quality and not to the fitness-for-purpose (see 3.2) of the manufactured product.
The quality level necessary are expected to be defined by the application standard or by the fabricator in conjunction with the user and/or other parties concerned. The level is expected to be prescribed before the start of production, preferably at the enquiry or order stage.
This document applies to the following thermoplastic materials in Table 1:
and to the following welding processes:
- heated tool welding;
- electrofusion socket welding;
- hot gas welding using filler rod only;
- extrusion welding;
- solvent welding of pipes.
Unregelmäßigkeiten an Schweißverbindungen von thermoplastischen Kunststoffen - Qualitätsstufen
Dieses Dokument legt Qualitätsstufen für Unregelmäßigkeiten an Schweißverbindungen von thermo-plastischen Kunststoffen fest, die auf Umgebungstemperatur abgekühlt sind, und gilt für Materialdicken über 2,0 mm.
Um eine Anwendung für eine große Auswahl von Schweißerzeugnissen zu ermöglichen, sind drei Qualitäts¬stufen festgelegt. Diese sind durch Symbole B, C und D gekennzeichnet, wobei B die höchste Qualitätsstufe ist. Die Qualitätsstufen beziehen sich auf die Fertigungsqualität und nicht auf die Gebrauchstauglichkeit (siehe 3.2) des hergestellten Produkts.
Es wird davon ausgegangen, dass die für den jeweiligen Fall erforderliche Qualitätsstufe durch die Anwendungsnorm oder vom Hersteller zusammen mit dem Anwender und/oder sonstigen Parteien festgelegt wird. Es wird davon ausgegangen, dass die Qualitätsstufe vor dem Fertigungsbeginn, vorzugs-weise bei der Anfrage oder Bestellung, festgelegt wird.
Dieses Dokument gilt für die folgenden thermoplastischen Materialien in Tabelle 1:
und die folgenden Schweißverfahren:
- Heizelementschweißen;
- Heizwendelmuffenschweißen;
- Warmgasschweißen, ausschließlich unter Anwendung von Schweißstab;
- Extrusionsschweißen;
- Quellschweißen von Rohren.
Défauts dans les assemblages soudés en thermoplastiques - Niveaux de qualité
Le présent document spécifie les niveaux de qualité pour les défauts des assemblages soudés en thermoplastiques qui ont refroidi à la température ambiante et s'applique aux matériaux présentant une épaisseur supérieure à 2,0 mm.
Trois niveaux de qualité sont spécifiés afin de permettre l'application à une large gamme d'assemblages soudés. Ils sont désignés par les symboles B, C et D, B étant le niveau le plus contraignant. Les niveaux de qualité s'appliquent à la qualité de la production et non pas à l'aptitude à l'emploi (voir 3.2) du produit fabriqué.
Le niveau de qualité nécessaire devrait être défini par la norme d'application ou par le fabricant en collaboration avec l'utilisateur et/ou d'autres parties concernées. Le niveau est supposé être prescrit avant le démarrage de la production, de préférence au moment de la consultation ou de la commande.
Le présent document s'applique aux matériaux thermoplastiques suivants dans le Tableau 1:
et aux procédés de soudage suivants :
- soudage par outil chauffant ;
- soudage par emboîture électrosoudable ;
- soudage au gaz chaud avec baguette d’apport uniquement ;
- soudage par extrusion ;
- collage au solvant de tubes.
Nepravilnosti v zvarjenih spojih plastomerov - Stopnje kakovosti
General Information
Relations
Overview
EN 16296:2021 - Imperfections in thermoplastics welded joints - Quality levels (CEN) defines production quality levels for imperfections in thermoplastic welded joints that have cooled to ambient temperature. It applies to materials with thickness above 2.0 mm and covers a range of common thermoplastics (PE, PP variants, PVC-U/C, PVDF, ABS, PA-U, PB, FEP, PFA, ECTFE, etc.) and welding methods including heated tool, electrofusion, hot gas (with filler rod), extrusion and solvent socket welding. EN 16296:2021 supersedes EN 16296:2012 and aligns some designations with EN 14728:2019.
Key topics and requirements
- Three quality levels: B (stringent), C (intermediate), D (moderate). Levels address production quality, not fitness-for-purpose.
- Scope of assessment: Visual examination of welded joints and test specimens; dimensional limits for typical imperfections are given in process-specific tables (but the standard does not prescribe detection methods).
- Process-specific criteria: Separate tables define permissible sizes and frequencies of imperfections (gas/shrinkage cavities, surface bubbles, particulate inclusions, lack of fusion, cold fusion, misalignment, excessive penetration, etc.) for each welding process.
- Selection rules: Adjacent imperfections closer than the major dimension of the smaller one are treated as a single imperfection. Welds that are machined must be examined both before and after machining.
- Choice of level: Should be specified before production (preferably at enquiry/order stage). Factors to consider include mechanical loading, environment, material properties (ductile vs brittle), manufacturing conditions, operating conditions, safety risk, design, and economic/inspection costs. For pressure pipe systems, at least level B is recommended. More stringent requirements (level A) can be agreed between parties where necessary.
- Non-destructive testing (NDT): Indications from NDT require supplementary examination rules; NDT methods and sizing techniques are outside the standard’s remit.
Applications and users
- Who uses it: fabricators, welding inspectors, quality managers, designers and specifiers, contractors, and standards authors drafting application codes.
- Typical uses: acceptance criteria for factory-welded joints in piping, tanks, and other thermoplastic fabrications; reference in procurement/specification documents; integrating into quality management and inspection procedures for welded thermoplastic systems.
Related standards
- EN 14728 (Imperfections in thermoplastic welds - Classification) - used for classification and illustrations.
- EN 16296:2012 - superseded by this edition.
- National/industry documents (e.g., DVS 2202) are referenced for some comparative data.
Keywords: EN 16296:2021, thermoplastics welded joints, weld imperfections, quality levels, welding quality, heated tool welding, electrofusion, extrusion welding, hot gas welding, solvent welding, pressure pipe systems, non-destructive testing.
Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-julij-2021
Nadomešča:
SIST EN 16296:2014
Nepravilnosti v zvarjenih spojih plastomerov - Stopnje kakovosti
Imperfections in thermoplastics welded joints - Quality levels
Unregelmäßigkeiten an Schweißverbindungen von thermoplastischen Kunststoffen -
Bewertungsgruppen
Défauts dans les assemblages soudés en thermoplastiques - Niveaux de qualité
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN 16296:2021
ICS:
25.160.40 Varjeni spoji in vari Welded joints and welds
83.080.20 Plastomeri Thermoplastic materials
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
EN 16296
EUROPEAN STANDARD
NORME EUROPÉENNE
May 2021
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
ICS 25.160.40 Supersedes EN 16296:2012
English Version
Imperfections in thermoplastics welded joints - Quality
levels
Défauts dans les assemblages soudés en Unregelmäßigkeiten an Schweißverbindungen von
thermoplastiques - Niveaux de qualité thermoplastischen Kunststoffen - Qualitätsstufen
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 12 April 2021.
CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this
European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references
concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN
member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by
translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management
Centre has the same status as the official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway,
Poland, Portugal, Republic of North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and
United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Rue de la Science 23, B-1040 Brussels
© 2021 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN 16296:2021 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
Contents Page
European foreword . 3
Introduction . 4
1 Scope . 5
2 Normative reference . 5
3 Terms and definitions . 6
4 Quality levels . 6
4.1 Classification. 6
4.2 Choice of quality level . 6
5 Requirements for welded joints . 7
Bibliography . 22
European foreword
This document (EN 16296:2021) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 249 “Plastics”, the
secretariat of which is held by NBN.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an
identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by November 2021, and conflicting national standards shall
be withdrawn at the latest by November 2021.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. CEN shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
This document supersedes EN 16296:2012.
In comparison with the previous edition, the following technical modifications have been made:
— the PA polyamide thermoplastic material has been added in Table 1 — Thermoplastic materials;
— in Tables 3 to 8:
— the designation 1AAAA of the quality levels for “cracks” has been deleted to be consistent with
EN 14728:2019;
— the numbers and designations have been updated to be aligned with EN 14728:2019 as the texts
for the quality levels.
According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organisations of the
following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia,
Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland,
Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Republic of North
Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United
Kingdom.
Introduction
This document is used as a reference in the drafting of application codes and/or other application
standards. It contains a simplified selection of imperfections based on the designations and illustrations
given in EN 14728, Imperfections in thermoplastic welds — Classification.
Some imperfections according to EN 14728 have been used directly and some have been grouped
together. The basic numerical referencing system from EN 14728 has been used.
The purpose of this document is to define quality levels based on typical imperfections, which might occur
in normal fabrication. It is applicable for use within a quality system for the production of factory welded
joints. It provides three sets of dimensional values from which a selection can be made for a particular
application.
The quality levels given in this document are intended to provide basic reference data and are not
specifically related to any particular application. They refer to the types of welded joints in a fabrication
and not to the complete product or component itself. It is possible, therefore, that different quality levels
are applied to individual welded joints in the same product or component.
This document is directly applicable to visual examination of welds or test specimens. The need for
detection is not the subject of this document and this document does not include details of recommended
methods of detection and sizing.
1 Scope
This document specifies quality levels for imperfections in thermoplastics welded joints that have cooled
to ambient temperature and is applicable to material thickness above 2,0 mm.
Three quality levels are specified in order to permit application for a wide range of welded fabrication.
They are designated by symbols B, C and D, where B is the most stringent. The quality levels refer to
production quality and not to the fitness-for-purpose (see 3.2) of the manufactured product.
The quality level necessary are expected to be defined by the application standard or by the fabricator in
conjunction with the user and/or other parties concerned. The level is expected to be prescribed before
the start of production, preferably at the enquiry or order stage.
This document applies to the following thermoplastic materials in Table 1:
Table 1 — Thermoplastic materials
Abbreviation Material description
ABS Acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene plastic
ECTFE Ethylene-chlorotrifluoroethylene copolymer
FEP Fluorinated ethylene propylene
PA-U Unplasticized polyamide
PB Polybutylene
PE Polyethylene
PFA Perfluoroalkoxy
PP-B Polypropylene block copolymer
PP-H Polypropylene homopolymer
PP-R Polypropylene random copolymer
PVC-C Chlorinated polyvinyl chloride
PVC-U Unplasticized polyvinyl chloride (rigid PVC)
PVDF Polyvinylidene fluoride
and to the following welding processes:
— heated tool welding;
— electrofusion socket welding;
— hot gas welding using filler rod only;
— extrusion welding;
— solvent welding of pipes.
2 Normative reference
There are no normative references in this document.
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— IEC Electropedia: available at https://www.electropedia.org/
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https://www.iso.org/obp
3.1
quality level
description of the qualities of a weld on the basis of type, size and number or frequency of selected
imperfections
3.2
fitness-for-purpose
ability of a product, process or service to serve a defined purpose under specific conditions
4 Quality levels
4.1 Classification
Three quality levels are defined as B, C and D in order to permit application for a wide range of welded
fabrications (see Table 2).
Table 2 — Quality levels for weld imperfections
Symbol Requirement
B Stringent
C Intermediate
D Moderate
The purpose of this document is to define quality levels based on typical imperfections, which might occur
in normal fabrications and are classified in EN 14728 [1]. It may be used within a quality system for the
production of factory welded joints. It provides three sets of dimensional values from which a selection
can be made for a particular application. The quality level necessary in each case should be defined by
the application standard or the fabricator in conjunction with the user and/or other parties concerned.
The level should be prescribed before the start of production, preferably at the enquiry or order stage.
For pressure pipe systems, it is recommended that at least level B be chosen.
For specific applications, some requirements more stringent than level B might need to be prescribed and
shall be defined between the contracting parties as quality level A.
4.2 Choice of quality level
For the choice of the quality level, the following factors, among others, shall be taken into account:
— mechanical loading (static, dynamic);
— environment (media, temperature);
— material properties (ductile, brittle);
— manufacturing conditions (workshop, construction site, welding in constrained condition);
— operating conditions;
— potential danger in the event of failure;
— design considerations.
Economic factors are also important and should include not only the cost of welding but also the cost of
inspection, test and repair.
5 Requirements for welded joints
Although this document includes types of imperfections relevant to the processes given in Clause 1, only
those which are applicable to the process and application in question need to be considered.
Imperfections are quoted in terms of their actual dimensions. However, their detection and evaluation
could require the use of one or more methods of non-destructive testing. It should be noted that the
detection and sizing of imperfections is dependent on the inspection methods and the extent of testing
specified in the application standard or contract.
The indication provided by non-destructive testing should not be used directly for the evaluation of
quality levels. Therefore, it needs to be supplemented by requirements for examinations, inspection and
testing.
The requirements for the quality levels in Table 2 (B, C and D) are listed as follows:
— heated tool butt welds: Table 3;
— heated tool socket welds: Table 4;
— electrofusion socket welds: Table 5;
— hot gas welds: Table 6;
— extrusion welds: Table 7;
— solvent socket welds: Table 8.
Different types of imperfection occurring simultaneously at any cross-section of the joint need special
consideration.
Any two adjacent imperfections separated by a distance less than the major dimension of the smaller
imperfection shall be considered as a single imperfection.
In certain circumstances, it is necessary to machine the completed weld. In this case, the weld shall be
examined both before and after machining.
Table 3 — Definition of quality levels for heated tool butt welds
Number Designations Level B Level C Level D
2BAAA Gas cavity Isolated cavities Permissible if Permissible if
permissible if diameter of diameter of
diameter ≤ 5 % largest largest
of wall thickness cavity ≤ 10 % of cavity ≤ 15 % of
wall thickness wall thickness
2CAAI Shrinkage cavity Isolated cavities Permissible if Permissible if
permissible if diameter of diameter of
diameter ≤ 5 % largest largest
of wall thickness cavity ≤ 10 % of cavity ≤ 15 % of
wall thickness wall thickness
2MAAA Surface bubble Permissible if, Permissible if, Permissible if,
when the weld when the weld when the weld
bead is removed, bead is bead is
there is no removed, there removed, there
evidence of gas is no evidence is no evidence of
cavities at the of gas cavities gas cavities at
weld interface at the weld the weld
interface interface
3AAAA Particulate inclusion Isolated and/or Isolated and/or Isolated and/or
multiple multiple multiple
inclusions inclusions inclusions
permissible if permissible if permissible if
sum of maximum sum of sum of
dimensions ≤ 5 maximum maximum
% of wall dimensions ≤ 10 dimensions ≤ 15
thickness % of wall % of wall
thickness thickness
3JAAI Parent material inclusion Not permissible Not permissible Not permissible
3KAAA Degraded polymer Not permissible Not permissible Not permissible
4BAAA Lack of fusion Not permissible Not permissible Not permissible
4QBAF Groove in upset or reinforcement Not permissible Not permissible Not permissible
if below surface if below surface if below surface
of parent of parent of parent
material material material
4WAAA Cold fusion Not permissible Not permissible Not permissible
5CAAA Incorrect weld profile Mechanical Mechanical Mechanical
testing of sample testing of testing of
welds is sample welds is sample welds is
recommended recommended recommended
b
Linear misalignment Permissible if Permissible if Permissible if
5EIAA
misalignment is misalignment is misalignment is
not greater than not greater than not greater than
10 % of the wall 15 % of the wall 20 % of the wall
thickness thickness thickness
Number Designations Level B Level C Level D
b
Angular misalignment Permissible if Permissible if Permissible if
5EJAA
misalignment is misalignment is misalignment is
not greater than not greater than not greater than
1,0° 1,5° 2,0°
5GAAA Irregular width To be agreed To be agreed To be agreed
between between between
contracting contracting contracting
parties parties parties
6DAAA Excessive width To be agreed To be agreed To be agreed
between between between
contracting contracting contracting
parties parties parties
a
Excessive asymmetry of welds Permissible if Permissible if Permissible if
6HAAA
smaller half of smaller half of smaller half of
weld bead is not weld bead is not weld bead is not
less than 70 % of less than 60 % less than 50 %
larger half of of larger half of of larger half of
weld bead at any weld bead at weld bead at
point around the any point any point
circumference around the around the
circumference circumference
6MAAA Insufficient upset material To be agreed To be agreed To be agreed
between between between
contracting contracting contracting
parties parties parties
7BAAA Thermal damage outside of Not permissible Not permissible Not permissible
welding
7VAAA Excessive toe in To be agreed To be agreed To be agreed
between between between
contracting contracting contracting
parties parties parties
9CAAA Tool mark Locally Locally Locally
permissible if the permissible if permissible if
notch depth is the notch depth the notch depth
less than 10 % of is less than is less than
the wall 10 % of the wall 15 % of the wall
thickness thickness thickness
a
To be agreed between contracting parties when welding materials with different melt flow rates.
b
For mitred joints the requirements should be agreed between the contracting parties.
NOTE Some of the data in this table can also be found in DVS 2202 [2].
Table 4 — Definition of quality levels for heated tool socket welds
Number Designations Level B Level C Level D
2CAAA Shrinkage cavity Isolated cavities Permissible if Permissible if
permissible if diameter of diameter of
diameter ≤ 5 % of largest largest
insertion length cavity ≤ 10 % of cavity ≤ 15 % of
wall thickness wall thickness
2MAAA Surface bubble Not permissible Not permissible Not permissible
3AAAA Particulate inclusion Isolated inclusion Isolated Isolated
permissible if inclusion inclusion
maximum permissible if permissible if
dimension ≤ 5 % maximum maximum
of fusion length. dimension ≤ 10 dimension ≤ 15
% of fusion % of fusion
Multiple
length. length.
inclusions
permissible Multiple Multiple
if ≤ 25 % of fusion inclusions inclusions
length at any permissible permissible
position around if ≤ 33 % of if ≤ 40 % of
the circumference fusion length at fusion length at
any position any position
around the around the
circumference circumference
3KAAA Degraded polymer Not permissible Not permissible Not permissible
4BAAA Lack of fusion Permissible if Permissible if Permissible if
lack of lack of lack of
fusion ≤ 25 % of fusion ≤ 33 % of fusion ≤ 40 % of
fusion length at fusion length at fusion length at
any position any position any position
around the around the around the
circumference circumference circumference
4CAAA Incomplete penetration Permissible if Permissible if Permissible if
inserted length
...
Frequently Asked Questions
EN 16296:2021 is a standard published by the European Committee for Standardization (CEN). Its full title is "Imperfections in thermoplastics welded joints - Quality levels". This standard covers: This document specifies quality levels for imperfections in thermoplastics welded joints that have cooled to ambient temperature and is applicable to material thickness above 2,0 mm. Three quality levels are specified in order to permit application for a wide range of welded fabrication. They are designated by symbols B, C and D, where B is the most stringent. The quality levels refer to production quality and not to the fitness-for-purpose (see 3.2) of the manufactured product. The quality level necessary are expected to be defined by the application standard or by the fabricator in conjunction with the user and/or other parties concerned. The level is expected to be prescribed before the start of production, preferably at the enquiry or order stage. This document applies to the following thermoplastic materials in Table 1: and to the following welding processes: - heated tool welding; - electrofusion socket welding; - hot gas welding using filler rod only; - extrusion welding; - solvent welding of pipes.
This document specifies quality levels for imperfections in thermoplastics welded joints that have cooled to ambient temperature and is applicable to material thickness above 2,0 mm. Three quality levels are specified in order to permit application for a wide range of welded fabrication. They are designated by symbols B, C and D, where B is the most stringent. The quality levels refer to production quality and not to the fitness-for-purpose (see 3.2) of the manufactured product. The quality level necessary are expected to be defined by the application standard or by the fabricator in conjunction with the user and/or other parties concerned. The level is expected to be prescribed before the start of production, preferably at the enquiry or order stage. This document applies to the following thermoplastic materials in Table 1: and to the following welding processes: - heated tool welding; - electrofusion socket welding; - hot gas welding using filler rod only; - extrusion welding; - solvent welding of pipes.
EN 16296:2021 is classified under the following ICS (International Classification for Standards) categories: 25.160.40 - Welded joints and welds. The ICS classification helps identify the subject area and facilitates finding related standards.
EN 16296:2021 has the following relationships with other standards: It is inter standard links to EN 16296:2012. Understanding these relationships helps ensure you are using the most current and applicable version of the standard.
You can purchase EN 16296:2021 directly from iTeh Standards. The document is available in PDF format and is delivered instantly after payment. Add the standard to your cart and complete the secure checkout process. iTeh Standards is an authorized distributor of CEN standards.
La norme SIST EN 16296:2021 se concentre sur les imperfections dans les joints soudés en thermoplastiques, spécifiant des niveaux de qualité qui sont cruciaux pour garantir l'intégrité des fabrications soudées. Son domaine d'application couvre les joints de thermoplastiques ayant refroidi à température ambiante, pertinents pour des épaisseurs de matériau supérieures à 2,0 mm. Un des principaux atouts de cette norme est l'établissement de trois niveaux de qualité désignés par les symboles B, C et D, permettant ainsi une grande flexibilité pour diverses applications de fabrication soudée. Le niveau de qualité B est le plus strict, établissant un critère de référence pour les applications exigeant une haute fiabilité. En précisant que les niveaux de qualité se rapportent à la qualité de production et non à la pertinence à l'usage du produit fabriqué, la norme cible précisément les exigences de fabrication, laissant la détermination des niveaux nécessaires aux utilisateurs finaux et aux fabricants. L'importance de cette norme est également soulignée par sa capacité à s'appliquer à différents matériaux thermoplastiques ainsi qu'à plusieurs procédés de soudage, notamment le soudage par outil chauffé, le soudage électrofusion, le soudage à gaz chaud, le soudage par extrusion, et le soudage par solvant de tuyaux. Cela en fait un document essentiel pour les ingénieurs et professionnels du secteur qui doivent s'assurer que les joints soudés répondent à des standards de qualité appropriés avant le début de la production, avec une préférence pour une définition des niveaux de qualité dès la phase de demande ou de commande. En résumé, la norme SIST EN 16296:2021 se révèle non seulement pertinente, mais aussi indispensable pour garantir des joints soudés de thermoplastiques conformes aux exigences de qualité, tout en offrant une large application à diverses contextes de fabrication.
Die Norm EN 16296:2021, mit dem Titel „Unregelmäßigkeiten in geschweißten Verbindungen von Thermoplasten - Qualitätsstufen“, bietet einen übersichtlichen Rahmen für die Beurteilung von Unregelmäßigkeiten in geschweißten Thermoplastverbindungen, die auf Raumtemperatur abgekühlt sind. Der Anwendungsbereich dieser Norm konzentriert sich auf Materialien mit einer Dicke von mehr als 2,0 mm und definiert drei Qualitätsstufen, die eine breite Anwendung in der geschweißten Fertigung ermöglichen. Diese Stufen sind durch die Symbole B, C und D gekennzeichnet, wobei B die strengste Qualitätsstufe darstellt. Ein wesentlicher Stärke dieser Norm liegt in ihrer Fähigkeit, einen klaren und einheitlichen Referenzrahmen bereitzustellen. Diese Klarheit ermöglicht es den Herstellern und Benutzern, die erforderlichen Qualitätsstandards im Voraus zu definieren, was insbesondere vor Beginn der Produktion von Bedeutung ist. Indem die Norm die Verantwortung für die Festlegung der notwendigen Qualitätsstufe den entsprechenden Parteien – dem Fertiger, dem Benutzer und/oder anderen Interessierten – überträgt, fördert sie eine enge Zusammenarbeit während der Planungs- und Produktionsphase. Die Norm hebt hervor, dass die festgelegten Qualitätsstufen nicht nur die Produktionsqualität der geschweißten Verbindungen, sondern nicht die Gebrauchstauglichkeit des Endproduktes betreffen. Dies unterscheidet sich von anderen Standards, die häufig auch die Einsatzbedingungen berücksichtigen. Hierdurch wird ein präziser Fokus auf die Qualität der Schweißnähte gelegt und Missverständnisse hinsichtlich der Anwendung und Eignung von geschweißten Thermoplastverbindungen können reduziert werden. Zusätzlich wird die Norm für verschiedene thermoplastische Materialien und eine Reihe von Schweißprozessen relevant, darunter Heißwerkzeugschweißen, Elektrofügen, Heißgasschweißen mit Zusatzwerkstoff, Extrusionsschweißen sowie Lösungsmittelverarbeitung von Rohren. Diese Vielseitigkeit erhöht die praktische Anwendbarkeit der Norm und ermöglicht eine umfassende Nutzung in verschiedenen industriellen Bereichen. Zusammenfassend ist die Norm EN 16296:2021 ein bedeutender Leitfaden für die Qualitätsbewertung von Thermoplastverbindungen und ist von wesentlicher Relevanz für Hersteller und Anwender, die auf hohe Qualitätsstandards in ihren Produktionsprozessen Wert legen.
The EN 16296:2021 standard presents a comprehensive framework for assessing imperfections in thermoplastics welded joints, explicitly targeting materials with a thickness exceeding 2.0 mm. This standard is particularly relevant for manufacturers and fabricators engaged in the production of welded thermoplastic components, as it delineates three distinct quality levels-B, C, and D-each catering to varying requirements in welded fabrication. One of the primary strengths of this standard lies in its clarity and practicality. By specifying quality levels through easy-to-understand symbols, it facilitates a straightforward identification process, enabling parties involved in the manufacturing process to selectively ensure the appropriate quality for their specific applications. This structure supports a broad range of industries, as quality levels can adapt to the various requirements that different applications might entail. Furthermore, the EN 16296:2021 standard emphasizes the importance of collaboration between the fabricator and the user in determining the applicable quality level. This collaborative approach guarantees that the quality prescribed aligns with the intended use of the manufactured product, providing a custom-fit solution to the specific needs of stakeholders. The standard integrates a variety of welding processes, including heated tool welding and electrofusion socket welding, ensuring its relevance across different methods of thermoplastic joining. This inclusiveness reflects the evolving landscape of manufacturing processes and positions the standard as a comprehensive resource for quality assessment. Overall, the EN 16296:2021 standard serves as an essential guideline for ensuring the integrity and quality of thermoplastic welded joints. By providing a well-defined scope, a clear framework for quality levels, and a collaborative approach to application standards, it stands out as a critical tool for manufacturers aiming to uphold the highest standards in welded fabrication.
SIST EN 16296:2021 표준은 열가소성 용접 이음에서의 결함에 대한 품질 수준을 명확하게 규정하고 있습니다. 이 문서는 주로 두께가 2.0mm 이상인 열가소성 물질에 적용되며, 다양한 용접 제작에 적합한 세 가지 품질 수준을 도입합니다. 품질 수준은 B, C, D로 구분되며, B가 가장 엄격한 수준입니다. 이 수준들은 생산 품질을 기준으로 하며, 제조된 제품의 사용 적합성을 직접적으로 반영하지 않습니다. 이 표준의 큰 강점은 광범위한 용접 공정에 적용 가능하다는 점입니다. 표준은 가열 도구 용접, 전기 융합 소켓 용접, 단순 필러봉을 이용한 핫가스 용접, 압출 용접, 그리고 파이프의 용제 용접과 같은 다양한 용접 방식에 적용됩니다. 이러한 포괄적인 적용 범위는 열가소성 재료의 용접 품질 보증을 위해 필수적인 요소로 작용합니다. 또한, 필요한 품질 수준은 클라이언트와 제작자가 협의 후 정해져야 하며, 생산 시작 전에 주문 단계에서 규명하는 것이 바람직합니다. 이는 고객의 요구 사항과 제작자의 기술적 능력을 효과적으로 조화시킬 수 있는 방법을 제시합니다. 이를 통해 제작 과정에서의 품질 보증 체계가 더욱 강화됩니다. 이 표준은 열가소성 용접 이음의 품질 관리를 위한 필수 문서로, 산업 전반에 걸쳐 용접 품질을 한층 향상시키는데 기여할 것입니다. EN 16296:2021 표준의 적용을 통해 사용자와 제작자 간의 명확한 품질 기준 마련이 가능해져, 최종 제품의 성능과 신뢰성을 확보할 수 있습니다.
SIST EN 16296:2021の標準化文書は、熱可塑性樹脂の溶接継手における欠陥に関する品質レベルを明確に示しています。この文書は、周囲温度まで冷却された熱可塑性溶接継手に焦点を当てており、厚さ2.0 mm以上の材料に適用されます。 この標準は、幅広い溶接製造に適用できる三つの品質レベルを指定しており、それぞれシンボルB、C、Dで示されています。Bは最も厳しい基準を意味しており、このように品質レベルが定義されていることは、製品の生産品質を明確にし、製造過程での一貫性を保つために非常に重要です。また、この品質レベルは製品の適合性ではなく、製造における品質を重視しているため、ユーザーや他の関係者と協議の上、適切なレベルを設定することが求められます。 さらに、この文書は特定の熱可塑性材料および様々な溶接プロセスに対応しており、例えば加熱工具溶接、エレクトロフュージョンソケット溶接、フィラーロッドのみを使用した熱ガス溶接、押出し溶接、そしてパイプの溶剤溶接が含まれています。この多様な溶接プロセスへの適用範囲は、業界全体での有用性を高めています。 総じて、SIST EN 16296:2021は熱可塑性樹脂の溶接における品質管理の基準を確立するための重要な指針を提供しており、製造業者にとって信頼性の高い評価基準をもたらします。また、品質レベルの事前設定が推奨されているため、製品の一貫した品質を確保するためのプロセスが促進される点も、この標準の強みといえます。
Questions, Comments and Discussion
Ask us and Technical Secretary will try to provide an answer. You can facilitate discussion about the standard in here.
Loading comments...