EN 16339:2013
(Main)Ambient air - Method for the determination of the concentration of nitrogen dioxide by diffusive sampling
Ambient air - Method for the determination of the concentration of nitrogen dioxide by diffusive sampling
This European Standard specifies a method for the sampling and analysis of NO2 in ambient air using diffusive sampling followed by extraction and analysis by colorimetry or ion chromatography (IC). It can be used for the NO2 measurement in a concentration range of approximately 3 µg/m³ to 130 µg/m3. A sample is typically collected for a period of 1 to 4 weeks [13], with exposure periods depending on the design of the samplers and the concentration levels of NO2.
Several sorbents can be used for trapping NO2 in ambient air using a diffusive sampler. This standard specifies the application of triethanolamine as the reagent.
Nitrous acid and peroxyacetyl nitrate are the major chemical interferences of sorption by triethanolamine. However, in ambient air monitoring over long sampling times, both contaminants are generally present at low concentrations relative to NO2. Moreover, these species can also interfere with the measurement of NO2 when applying the EU reference method for NO2 monitoring based on chemiluminescence (see [2]).
This standard describes the application of a tube-type sampler with either a cylindrical or a slightly conical tube. Its typical uptake rate is about 1 cm3/min. Only for this sampler type sufficient evidence of validation has been found in a literature survey [12].
The relative expanded uncertainty of NO2 measurements performed using these tube-type diffusive samplers can potentially be lower than 25 % for individual measurements. When aggregating results to form annual average values, the relative expanded uncertainty can be further reduced to levels below 15 % due to the reduction of random effects on uncertainty [6].
Außenluft - Bestimmung der Konzentration von Stickstoffdioxid mittels Passivsammler
Diese Europäische Norm legt ein Verfahren zur Probenahme von NO2 in Außenluft mit Passivsammlern sowie der anschließenden Extraktion und Analyse mittels Kolorimetrie oder Ionenchromatographie (IC) fest. Sie kann für die Messung von NO2 in einem Konzentrationsbereich von etwa 3 µg/m3 bis 130 µg/m3 angewendet werden. Eine Probe wird üblicherweise über einen Zeitraum von 1 Woche bis 4 Wochen genommen [13], wobei der Expositionszeitraum von der Ausführung des Sammlers und dem NO2-Konzentrationsniveau abhängt.
Zur Bindung des in der Luft enthaltenen NO2 mit einem Passivsammler können verschiedene Sorptionsmittel verwendet werden. In dieser Norm ist Triethanolamin als Sorbens festgelegt.
Salpetrige Säure und Peroxyacetylnitrat sind bei der Sorption durch Triethanolamin die wesentlichen chemischen Störkomponenten. Über längere Zeiträume gesehen liegen diese beiden Substanzen im Vergleich zu NO2 im Allgemeinen jedoch in niedrigen Konzentrationen vor. Zudem können sie auch die Messung von NO2 mit dem auf Chemilumineszenz basierenden EU Referenzverfahren stören (siehe [2]).
Die vorliegende Norm beschreibt die Anwendung eines Sammlers des Röhrchentyps mit entweder zylindrischem oder konischem Röhrchen. Die übliche Aufnahmerate beträgt etwa 1 cm3/min. Nur für diesen Sammlertyp wurden in der Literaturübersicht angemessene Validierungsdaten gefunden [12].
Die relative erweiterte Unsicherheit von NO2 Messungen, die mit Passivsammlern des Röhrchentyps durchgeführt werden, kann bei Einzelmessungen unter 25 % liegen. Werden die Ergebnisse zu Jahres-mittelwerten zusammengefasst, kann die relative erweiterte Unsicherheit aufgrund der Verringerung der zufälligen Einflüsse auf die Unsicherheit auf unter 15 % gesenkt werden [6].
Air ambiant - Méthode pour la détermination de la concentration du dioxyde d'azote au moyen d'échantillonneurs par diffusion
La présente Norme européenne spécifie une méthode pour l'échantillonnage et l'analyse du NO2 dans l'air ambiant à l'aide d'échantillonneurs par diffusion, suivis de l'extraction et de l'analyse par colorimétrie ou chromatographie ionique (CI). Elle peut être utilisée pour le mesurage de NO2 dans une gamme de concentration allant de 3 µg/m³ à 130 µg/m3 environ. Un échantillon est habituellement collecté sur une période de 1 à 4 semaines [13], les durées d'exposition dépendant de la conception des échantillonneurs et des niveaux de concentration en NO2.
Plusieurs sorbants peuvent être utilisés pour piéger le NO2 contenu dans l'air ambiant à l'aide d'un échantillonneur par diffusion. La présente norme spécifie l'utilisation de la triéthanolamine comme réactif.
L'acide nitreux et le nitrate de péroxyacétyle sont les principaux interférents chimiques en cas de sorption par la triéthanolamine. Toutefois, lors de la surveillance de l'air ambiant sur de longues durées d'échantillonnage, ces deux polluants sont généralement présents à de faibles concentrations par rapport à NO2. De plus, ces espèces peuvent aussi interférer avec le mesurage de NO2 en cas d'application de la méthode de référence européenne pour la surveillance du NO2 basée sur la chimiluminescence (voir [2]).
La présente norme décrit la mise en œuvre d'un échantillonneur en forme de tube comportant un tube cylindrique ou légèrement conique. Son débit d'échantillonnage caractéristique est de l'ordre de 1 cm3/min. Lors d'une recherche bibliographique [12], des preuves de validation suffisantes n'ont été trouvées que pour ce type d'échantillonneur.
L'incertitude élargie relative des mesurages de NO2 réalisés à l'aide de ces échantillonneurs par diffusion en forme de tube peut potentiellement être inférieure à 25 % pour les mesurages individuels. Lors de l'agrégation des résultats pour obtenir les valeurs moyennes annuelles, l'incertitude élargie relative peut être encore réduite à des niveaux inférieurs à 15 % en raison de la réduction des effets aléatoires sur l'incertitude [6].
Zunanji zrak - Metoda za določevanje koncentracije dušikovega dioksida z difuzijskim vzorčenjem
Ta evropski standard določa metodo za vzorčenje in analizo NO2 v zunanjem zraku z difuznim vzorčenjem, ki mu sledi ekstrakcija in analiza s kolorimetrijo ali ionsko kromatografijo (IC). Lahko se uporabi za meritve NO2 v koncentraciji približno od 3 do 130 μg/m3. Vzorec se običajno zbere za obdobje od 1 do 4 tednov [13], obdobje izpostavljenosti pa je odvisno od zasnove vzorčevalnika in nivojev koncentracije NO2. Z uporabo difuzijskega vzorčevalnika se za lovljenje NO2 v zunanjem zraku lahko uporablja več različnih sorbentov. Ta standard za reagent določa uporabo trietanolamina. Dušikova kislina in peroksiacetil nitrat sta dve glavni kemijski motnji pri sorpciji s trietanolaminom. Toda pri spremljanju zunanjega zraka skozi daljša obdobja vzorčenja se oba kontaminanta v primerjavi z NO2 načeloma pojavljata v nizkih koncentracijah. Prav tako lahko te kemijske vrste vplivajo na meritev NO2 pri uporabi referenčne metode EU za spremljanje NO2, ki temelji na kemiluminiscenci (glej [2]). Ta standard opisuje uporabo cevastega vzorčevalnika s cilindrično ali rahlo konično cevjo. Njegova stopnja absorpcije je približno 1 cm3/min. V poročilih o raziskavah je bilo najdenih dovolj dokazov za validacijo samo za to vrsto vzorčevalnika[12]. Relativna razširjena negotovost za NO2 pri uporabi teh cevastih vzorčevalnikov je pri posameznih meritvah morda lahko nižja od 25 %. Pri združevanju rezultatov in ustvarjanju povprečnih vrednosti se zaradi zmanjšanja naključnih učinkov na negotovost relativna razširjena negotovost lahko zmanjša pod 15 % [6].
General Information
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Standards Content (Sample)
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.Luftqualitãt - Methode zur Bestimmung der Konzentration von Stickstoffdioxid mittels PassivsammlerAir ambiant - Méthode pour la détermination de la concentration du dioxyde d’azote au moyen d’échantillonneurs par diffusionAmbient air - Method for the determination of the concentration of nitrogen dioxide by diffusive sampling13.040.20Kakovost okoljskega zrakaAmbient atmospheresICS:Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z:EN 16339:2013SIST EN 16339:2013en,fr,de01-december-2013SIST EN 16339:2013SLOVENSKI
STANDARD
EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPÉENNE EUROPÄISCHE NORM
EN 16339
July 2013 ICS 13.040.20 English Version
Ambient air - Method for the determination of the concentration of nitrogen dioxide by diffusive sampling
Air ambiant - Méthode pour la détermination de la concentration du dioxyde d'azote au moyen d'échantillonneurs par diffusion
Außenluft - Bestimmung der Konzentration von Stickstoffdioxid mittels Passivsammler This European Standard was approved by CEN on 15 June 2013.
CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United Kingdom.
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B-1000 Brussels © 2013 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN 16339:2013: ESIST EN 16339:2013
Description of samplers . 21 Annex B (informative)
Other samplers . 26 Annex C (informative)
Estimation of the uptake rate of the samplers . 34 Annex D (informative)
Measurement uncertainty . 39 Bibliography . 47
Introduction Experience gained across the European Union (EU) in implementing EU ambient air quality legislation [1] has shown that, generally, for nitrogen dioxide (NO2), meeting the annual average limit value of 40 µg/m3 is more problematic than meeting the 1-h limit value of 200 µg/m³ [2]. EU Directive 2008/50/EC [1] stipulates that European Union Member States shall apply the reference measurement methods and criteria specified in the Directive. For NO2 monitoring in ambient air, the reference method being that described in EN 14211:2012 [3]. However, a Member State may use any other method that provides results equivalent to that of the reference method, to be demonstrated in accordance with the Guide for the demonstration of equivalence of ambient air monitoring methods [4]. The GDE devotes specific paragraphs to methods based on diffusive sampling. For the measurement of longer-term average concentrations of nitrogen dioxide for comparison with the annual average limit value diffusive sampling is an attractive alternative to fixed monitoring using the reference methodology described in EN 14211 because of small size of diffusive samplers; no requirement for electric power; potential for covering areas with a high spatial density; cost effectiveness. Consequently, diffusive samplers can partially substitute and supplement fixed monitoring as an instrument for the assessment of air quality, provided that they fulfil the specific Data Quality Objectives given in [1]. At the time of publication of this standard, no full demonstration of equivalence according to [4] has been performed. However, some studies have compared NO2 annual average concentrations measured by chemiluminescence and by diffusive samplers [5], [6], [7] and [8]. These have shown the potential of diffusive sampling to meet the data quality objective of 15 % expanded uncertainty for fixed measurements [1]. The methodology described in this standard can be applied to obtain air quality information with a relatively high spatial density that can be used to complement the appropriate siting of fixed monitoring stations, or in the validation of dispersion models.
Further, the methodology described can be used for simultaneously measuring sulphur dioxide (SO2) when using ion chromatography as the method of analysis. The analytical method is described in [9], [10] and [11]. This standard has been prepared based on the findings of reviews of implemented diffusive samplers in the European Union [12]. The methodology described in this standard may also be used to determine NO2 in indoor air. Appropriate strategies for NO2 measurement in indoor air are described in EN ISO 16000-15. SIST EN 16339:2013
1 Scope This European Standard specifies a method for the sampling and analysis of NO2 in ambient air using diffusive sampling followed by extraction and analysis by colorimetry or ion chromatography (IC). It can be used for the NO2 measurement in a concentration range of approximately 3 µg/m³ to 130 µg/m3. A sample is typically collected for a period of 1 to 4 weeks [13], with exposure periods depending on the design of the samplers and the concentration levels of NO2. Several sorbents can be used for trapping NO2 in ambient air using a diffusive sampler. This standard specifies the application of triethanolamine as the reagent. Nitrous acid and peroxyacetyl nitrate are the major chemical interferences of sorption by triethanolamine. However, in ambient air monitoring over long sampling times, both contaminants are generally present at low concentrations relative to NO2. Moreover, these species can also interfere with the measurement of NO2 when applying the EU reference method for NO2 monitoring based on chemiluminescence (see [2]). This standard describes the application of a tube-type sampler with either a cylindrical or a slightly conical tube. Its typical uptake rate is about 1 cm3/min. Only for this sampler type sufficient evidence of validation has been found in a literature survey [12]. The relative expanded uncertainty of NO2 measurements performed using these tube-type diffusive samplers can potentially be lower than 25 % for individual measurements. When aggregating results to form annual average values, the relative expanded uncertainty can be further reduced to levels below 15 % due to the reduction of random effects on uncertainty [6]. 2 Normative references The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. EN ISO/IEC 17025, General requirements for the competence of testing and calibration laboratories (ISO/IEC 17025) 3 Terms and definitions For the purpose of this document, the following terms and definitions apply. 3.1 certified reference material reference material [3.8], characterized by a metrologically valid procedure for one or more specified properties, accompanied by a certificate that provides the value of the specified property, its associated uncertainty, and a statement of metrological traceability [SOURCE: ISO Guide 35:2006] 3.2 combined standard uncertainty standard measurement uncertainty [3.10] that is obtained using the individual standard measurement uncertainties associated with the input quantities in a measurement model
[SOURCE: JGCM 200:2012]
3.3 desorption efficiency ratio of the mass of analyte desorbed from a sampling device to that applied
3.4 diffusive sampler
device which is capable of taking samples of gases or vapours from the atmosphere at a rate controlled by a physical process such as gaseous diffusion through a static air layer or a porous material and/or permeation through a membrane, but which does not involve the active movement of air through the device [SOURCE: EN 13528-1:2002] Note 1 to entry: Active normally refers to the pumped movement of air. 3.5 diffusive uptake rate rate at which the diffusive sampler collects a particular gas or vapour from the atmosphere. [SOURCE: EN 13528-1:2002] Note 1 to entry: The uptake rate is usually expressed in units of (pg/(nmol/mol)/min) or (cm3/min). Note 2 to entry: pg/(nmol/mol)/min is equivalent to ng/(µmol/mol)/min. 3.6 expanded (measurement) uncertainty product of a combined standard measurement uncertainty and a factor larger than the number one
[SOURCE: JCGM 200:2008]
Note 1 to entry:
The factor depends upon the type of probability distribution of the output quantity in a measurement model and on the selected coverage probability. Note 2 to entry:
The term “factor” in this definition refers to a coverage factor. 3.7
field blank sealed sampler drawn from the same batch as the samplers being used for NO2 monitoring. This sampler is taken unopened to the field and returned together with exposed samplers after the sampling is completed Note 1 to entry: This blank is only used for quality control purposes. Note 2 to entry: A transport blank is considered to be a special case of a field blank. A transport blank is taken to the exposure site, left unopened and returned to the laboratory immediately after placement or collection of the samplers. Transport blanks may be used when regular field blanks reveal an unacceptable level of nitrite to investigate the possibility of contamination of samplers during transport. 3.8 laboratory blank sealed sampler drawn from the same batch as the samplers being used for NO2 monitoring which is stored in a refrigerator during sampling of the exposed samplers. 3.9 repeatability condition condition of measurement, out of a set of conditions that includes the same measurement procedure, same operators, same measuring system, same operating conditions and same location, and replicate measurements on the same or similar objects over a short period of time
[SOURCE: JGCM 200:2012] SIST EN 16339:2013
[SOURCE: JGCM 200:2012] 3.11 uncertainty (of measurement) non-negative parameter characterizing the dispersion of the quantity values being attributed to a measurand, based on the information used Note 1 to entry: For footnotes to the definition the reader is referred to the parent document JGCM 200:2012. [SOURCE: JGCM 200:2012] 4 Principle of the method The diffusive sam
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