EN ISO 17131:2020
(Main)Leather - Identification of leather with microscopy (ISO 17131:2020)
Leather - Identification of leather with microscopy (ISO 17131:2020)
This document specifies a method using microscopy to identify leather and distinguish it from other materials. The method is not applicable for identifying specific leathers (e.g. sheep leather).
Leder - Identifizierung von Leder per Mikroskopie (ISO 17131:2020)
Dieses Dokument legt ein mikroskopisches Verfahren fest, um Leder zu identifizieren und um Leder von anderen Materialien zu unterscheiden. Dieses Verfahren ist nicht zur Identifikation bestimmter Leder (z. B. Schafsleder) anwendbar.
Cuir - Identification du cuir par microscopie (ISO 17131:2020)
Le présent document spécifie une méthode de microscopie permettant d'identifier le cuir et de le distinguer des autres matériaux. Cette méthode ne s'applique pas à l'identification de cuirs spécifiques (par exemple, cuir de mouton).
Usnje - Identifikacija usnja z mikroskopijo (ISO 17131:2020)
General Information
- Status
- Published
- Publication Date
- 14-Apr-2020
- Withdrawal Date
- 30-Oct-2020
- Technical Committee
- CEN/TC 289 - Leather
- Drafting Committee
- CEN/TC 289/WG 3 - Fastness test methods
- Current Stage
- 6060 - Definitive text made available (DAV) - Publishing
- Start Date
- 15-Apr-2020
- Completion Date
- 15-Apr-2020
Relations
- Effective Date
- 08-Jun-2022
- Effective Date
- 09-Feb-2026
- Effective Date
- 28-Jan-2026
- Effective Date
- 28-Jan-2026
- Effective Date
- 28-Jan-2026
- Effective Date
- 12-Feb-2026
Overview
EN ISO 17131:2020 - Leather: Identification of leather with microscopy specifies a standardized microscopy method to determine whether a material is leather and to distinguish leather from non-leather materials. Published by CEN/ISO in 2020 (superseding the 2012 edition), the standard sets out equipment, specimen preparation and examination procedures, and reporting requirements. It is intended for material identification only and is not a method for definitive species identification (for example, it does not serve to identify sheep leather as a specific species).
Key Topics and Requirements
- Scope and principle
- Identification is based on examining a cross‑section of the material and comparing its microstructure with reference images or samples.
- The method relies on experienced operators in microscopy.
- Apparatus and materials
- Light microscopes (optical, phase‑contrast or stereo) or scanning electron microscope (SEM) with at least 20× magnification (certain materials may require up to 500×).
- Cutting tools: razor blade for top‑illumination/SEM sections; cryomicrotome for bottom‑illumination or phase‑contrast sections.
- SEM accessories: coating unit (e.g., gold), specimen stubs.
- Reference materials with known designation.
- Procedure
- Cut two ~10 mm × 10 mm test pieces and produce cross‑sections perpendicular to the surface using razor or cryomicrotome.
- For SEM, mount and coat sections appropriately.
- Compare sample microstructure with normative photographic annexes (Annex A: SEM; Annex B: light microscopy; Annex C: phase‑contrast).
- If needed, measure coating and total thickness according to ISO 17186 (note: cryomicrotome samples may yield false thickness results).
- Reporting
- Test reports must reference ISO 17131:2020 and include sample origin, material designation (leather or not), method used, coating/total thickness (if measured), photographs (if requested), deviations, additional information and test date.
Applications and Users
- Who uses it
- Leather technologists, laboratory analysts, quality control and product compliance teams, forensic examiners and customs/inspection agencies.
- Practical uses
- Distinguishing genuine leather from synthetic substitutes (PVC, polyurethane, microfiber, leather-fibre boards).
- Verifying material claims for labeling, procurement and regulatory compliance.
- Supporting quality assurance in tanneries, footwear, upholstery and leather goods manufacturing.
Related Standards
- ISO 17186 - Determination of surface coating thickness (referenced for coating measurements).
- EN 15987 - Leather terminology and key definitions (provides terms used for designation).
- Developed in collaboration with IULTCS and CEN/TC 289; Annexes provide normative photographic references to aid identification.
Keywords: EN ISO 17131:2020, leather identification, microscopy, SEM, light microscope, cryomicrotome, coating thickness, ISO 17186, EN 15987.
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Frequently Asked Questions
EN ISO 17131:2020 is a standard published by the European Committee for Standardization (CEN). Its full title is "Leather - Identification of leather with microscopy (ISO 17131:2020)". This standard covers: This document specifies a method using microscopy to identify leather and distinguish it from other materials. The method is not applicable for identifying specific leathers (e.g. sheep leather).
This document specifies a method using microscopy to identify leather and distinguish it from other materials. The method is not applicable for identifying specific leathers (e.g. sheep leather).
EN ISO 17131:2020 is classified under the following ICS (International Classification for Standards) categories: 59.140.30 - Leather and furs. The ICS classification helps identify the subject area and facilitates finding related standards.
EN ISO 17131:2020 has the following relationships with other standards: It is inter standard links to EN ISO 17131:2012, ISO 17186:2011, EN 15987:2022, EN 17651:2022, EN 16483:2014, ISO 17131:2020. Understanding these relationships helps ensure you are using the most current and applicable version of the standard.
EN ISO 17131:2020 is available in PDF format for immediate download after purchase. The document can be added to your cart and obtained through the secure checkout process. Digital delivery ensures instant access to the complete standard document.
Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-junij-2020
Nadomešča:
SIST EN ISO 17131:2012
Usnje - Identifikacija usnja z mikroskopijo (ISO 17131:2020)
Leather - Identification of leather with microscopy (ISO 17131:2020)
Leder - Identifizierung von Leder per Mikroskopie (ISO 17131:2020)
Cuir - Identification du cuir par microscopie (ISO 17131:2020)
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN ISO 17131:2020
ICS:
59.140.30 Usnje in krzno Leather and furs
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
EN ISO 17131
EUROPEAN STANDARD
NORME EUROPÉENNE
April 2020
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
ICS 59.140.30 Supersedes EN ISO 17131:2012
English Version
Leather - Identification of leather with microscopy (ISO
17131:2020)
Cuir - Identification du cuir par microscopie (ISO Leder - Identifizierung von Leder per Mikroskopie (ISO
17131:2020) 17131:2020)
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 25 March 2020.
CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this
European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references
concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN
member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by
translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management
Centre has the same status as the official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway,
Poland, Portugal, Republic of North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and
United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Rue de la Science 23, B-1040 Brussels
© 2020 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN ISO 17131:2020 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
Contents Page
European foreword . 3
European foreword
This document (EN ISO 17131:2020) has been prepared by Technical Committee IULTCS "International
Union of Leather Technologists and Chemists Societies" in collaboration with Technical Committee
CEN/TC 289 “Leather” the secretariat of which is held by UNI.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an
identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by October 2020, and conflicting national standards shall
be withdrawn at the latest by October 2020.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. CEN shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
This document supersedes EN ISO 17131:2012.
According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the
following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria,
Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland,
Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Republic of
North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the
United Kingdom.
Endorsement notice
The text of ISO 17131:2020 has been approved by CEN as EN ISO 17131:2020 without any modification.
INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 17131
IULTCS - IUP 56
Second edition
2020-04
Leather — Identification of leather
with microscopy
Cuir — Identification du cuir par microscopie
Reference numbers
ISO 17131:2020(E)
IULTCS - IUP 56:2020(E)
©
ISO 2020
ISO 17131:2020(E)
IULTCS - IUP 56:2020(E)
© ISO 2020
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may
be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting
on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address
below or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
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Phone: +41 22 749 01 11
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Email: copyright@iso.org
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Published in Switzerland
ii © ISO 2020 – All rights reserved
ISO 17131:2020(E)
IULTCS - IUP 56:2020(E)
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction .v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Principle . 1
5 Apparatus and materials. 1
6 Procedure. 2
7 Test report . 2
Annex A (normative) Scanning electron microscope cross-section photographs .4
Annex B (normative) Light microscope cross-section photographs .10
Annex C (normative) Phase-contrast optical-microscope cross-section photographs .15
ISO 17131:2020(E)
IULTCS - IUP 56:2020(E)
Foreword
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bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
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ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www .iso .org/ directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www .iso .org/ patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and
expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to
the World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see
www .iso .org/ iso/ foreword .html.
This document was prepared by the European Committee for Standardization (CEN) Technical
Committee CEN/TC 289, Leather, the secretariat of which is held by UNI, in collaboration with the
Physical Tests Commission of the International Union of Leather Technologists and Chemists Societies
(IUP Commission, IULTCS) in accordance with the agreement on technical cooperation between ISO
and CEN (Vienna Agreement).
IULTCS, originally formed in 1897, is a world-wide organization of professional leather societies to
further the advancement of leather science and technology. IULTCS has three Commissions, which
are responsible for establishing international methods for sampling and the testing of leather. ISO
recognizes IULTCS as an international standardizing body for the
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