EN ISO 22007-4:2017

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-oktober-2017
1DGRPHãþD
SIST EN ISO 22007-4:2012
Polimerni materiali - Ugotavljanje toplotne prevodnosti in toplotne razprševalnosti
- 4. del: Metoda z laserskim bliskom (ISO 22007-4:2017)
Plastics - Determination of thermal conductivity and thermal diffusivity - Part 4: Laser
flash method (ISO 22007-4:2017)
Kunststoffe - Bestimmung der Wärmeleitfähigkeit und der Temperaturleitfähigkeit - Teil 4:
Laserblitzverfahren (ISO 22007-4:2017)
Plastiques - Détermination de la conductivité thermique et de la diffusivité thermique -
Partie 4: Méthode flash laser (ISO 22007-4:2017)
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN ISO 22007-4:2017
ICS:
83.080.01 Polimerni materiali na Plastics in general
splošno
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

EN ISO 22007-4
EUROPEAN STANDARD
NORME EUROPÉENNE
August 2017
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
ICS 83.080.01 Supersedes EN ISO 22007-4:2012
English Version
Plastics - Determination of thermal conductivity and
thermal diffusivity - Part 4: Laser flash method (ISO
22007-4:2017)
Plastiques - Détermination de la conductivité Kunststoffe - Bestimmung der Wärmeleitfähigkeit und
thermique et de la diffusivité thermique - Partie 4: der Temperaturleitfähigkeit - Teil 4:
Méthode flash laser (ISO 22007-4:2017) Laserblitzverfahren (ISO 22007-4:2017)
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 17 June 2017.

CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this
European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references
concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN
member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by
translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management
Centre has the same status as the official versions.

CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania,
Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland,
Turkey and United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION

EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG

CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels
© 2017 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN ISO 22007-4:2017 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.

Contents Page
European foreword . 3

European foreword
This document (EN ISO 22007-4:2017) has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 61 “Plastics”
in collaboration with Technical Committee CEN/TC 249 “Plastics” the secretariat of which is held by
NBN.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an
identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by February 2018, and conflicting national standards
shall be withdrawn at the latest by February 2018.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. CEN shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
This document supersedes EN 22007-4:2012.
According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the
following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria,
Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia,
France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta,
Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland,
Turkey and the United Kingdom.
Endorsement notice
The text of ISO 22007-4:2017 has been approved by CEN as EN ISO 22007-4:2017 without any
modification.
INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 22007-4
Second edition
2017-06
Plastics — Determination of thermal
conductivity and thermal diffusivity —
Part 4:
Laser flash method
Plastiques — Détermination de la conductivité thermique et de la
diffusivité thermique —
Partie 4: Méthode flash laser
Reference number
ISO 22007-4:2017(E)
©
ISO 2017
ISO 22007-4:2017(E)
© ISO 2017, Published in Switzerland
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form
or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior
written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below or ISO’s member body in the country of
the requester.
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CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva, Switzerland
Tel. +41 22 749 01 11
Fax +41 22 749 09 47
copyright@iso.org
www.iso.org
ii © ISO 2017 – All rights reserved

ISO 22007-4:2017(E)
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Principle . 2
5 Apparatus . 2
6 Test specimen . 5
6.1 Shape and dimension of the specimen . 5
6.2 Preparation and conditioning of test specimen . 5
6.3 Coating the specimen . 5
7 Calibration and verification . 6
7.1 Calibration of apparatus . 6
7.2 Verification of apparatus . 6
8 Procedure. 6
9 Data analysis . 8
10 Uncertainty . 9
11 Test report . 9
Annex A (informative) Correction for finite pulse duration .11
Annex B (informative) Alternative methods of calculating thermal diffusivity .12
Annex C (normative) Samples and test specimen preparation for injection mouldable
thermoplastics and thermosets .13
Bibliography .17
ISO 22007-4:2017(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www .iso .org/ directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www .iso .org/ patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation on the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and
expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO’s adherence to the
World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see the following
URL: w w w . i s o .org/ iso/ foreword .html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 61, Plastics, Subcommittee SC 5, Physical-
chemical properties.
This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO 22007-4:2008), Annex C of which has
been technically revised.
A list of all parts in the ISO 22007 series can be found on the ISO website.
iv © ISO 2017 – All rights reserved

INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 22007-4:2017(E)
Plastics — Determination of thermal conductivity and
thermal diffusivity —
Part 4:
Laser flash method
1 Scope
This document specifies a method for the determination of the thermal diffusivity of a thin solid
disc of plastics in the thickness direction by the laser flash method. This method is based upon the
measurement of the temperature rise at the rear face of the thin-disc specimen produced by a short
energy pulse on the front face.
The method can be used for homogeneous solid plastics as well as composites having an isotropic
or orthotropic structure. In general, it covers materials having a thermal diffusivity, α, in the range
−7 2 −1 −4 2 −1
1 × 10 m ⋅s < α < 1 × 10 m ⋅s . Measurements can be carried out in gaseous and vacuum
environments over a temperature range from −100 °C to +400 °C.
NOTE For inhomogeneous specimens, the measured values can be specimen thickness dependent.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO/IEC Guide 98-3, Uncertainty of measurement — Part 3: Guide to the expression of uncertainty in
me a s ur ement (GUM: 1995)
ISO 291, Plastics — Standard atmospheres for conditioning and testing
ISO 527-1, Plastics — Determination of tensile properties — Part 1: General principles
ISO 2818, Plastics — Preparation of test specimens by machining
ISO 22007-1, Plastics — Determination of thermal conductivity and thermal diffusivity — Part 1: General
principles
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 22007-1 apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— IEC Electropedia: available at http:// www .electropedia .org/
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at http:// www .iso .org/ obp
3.1
pulse width
t
p
duration for which the laser pulse intensity is larger than half of its maximum value
Note 1 to entry: It is expressed in seconds (s).
ISO 22007-4:2017(E)
3.2
time origin
t
start of the laser pulse
Note 1 to entry: It is expressed in seconds (s).
3.3
maximum temperature rise
ΔT
max
difference between the maximum temperature reached by the rear face of the specimen after the laser
pulse has passed and its steady temperature before the pulse
Note 1 to entry: It is expressed in kelvins (K).
3.4
half-rise time
t
1/2
time from the time origin until the rear-face temperature increases by one-half of ΔT
max
Note 1 to entry: It is expressed in seconds (s).
3.5
thermogram
temperature versus time curve for the rear face of the specimen
3.6
thickness
d
dimension of the test specimen in the direction of heat transfer measurement
Note 1 to entry: It is expressed in metres (m).
4 Principle
One side of a flat-sheet test specimen is subjected to an energy pulse which has a very short duration
compared with the half-rise time (see 6.1) and a uniform spatial energy distribution. The transient
temperature rise on the opposite face (rear face) is recorded as a function of time (see Figure 1). The
thermal diffusivity is obtained by comparing the experimental thermogram with a theoretical model
(see Clause 9 and Annex B).
5 Apparatus
5.1 General
The apparatus shall be designed to obtain the thermal diffusivity as described in Clause 4 and shall
consist of the following main components as shown in Figure 2. These are the furnace or climatic
chamber with a specimen holder and temperature measurement device (e.g. thermocouple), the
flash source (e.g. laser), the pulse detector, the transient detector (IR detector) and the control, data
acquisition and analysis unit.
5.2 Furnace or climatic chamber
The furnace or climatic chamber shall meet the following requirements.
a) The temperature range shall be appropriate to the range of materials to be studied. Depending on
the range of temperature, the specimen is maintained at a constant temperature by a cryostat or by
a furnace.
2 © ISO 2017 – All rights reserved

ISO 22007-4:2017(E)
b) It shall be capable of maintaining the test temperature constant to within ±0,5 K or less for at
least 30 min.
c) The temperature measurement device shall be capable of measuring the furnace or climatic
chamber temperature with a resolution of ±0,1 K and an accuracy of ±0,5 K or better.
d) The furnace or climatic chamber shall be fitted with two windows, one transparent to the pulse
radiation and the other transparent to the working wavelength range of the IR detector.
e) If required, the test environment shall be vacuum or inert-gas atmosphere to avoid oxidative
degradation during heating and testing of the specimen. For cryoscopic measurements, care shall
be taken to avoid water condensation on the windows.
NOTE Measurement under vacuum will eliminate convection effects.
The specimen holder shall be designed to minimize thermal contact with the specimen and to suppress
stray light transmitted from the laser beam to the IR detector.
The test temperature shall be measured using a calibrated temperature measurement device that
is preferably in contact with the specimen or the specimen holder but at least within 1 mm of the
specimen holder.
The temperature measurement device shall be designed so as not to significantly disturb the
temperature field generated in the specimen by the laser pulse.
Key
t time
ΔT temperature rise
a
Baseline.
b
Transient-rise period.
c
Cooling period.
Figure 1 — Example of thermogram
ISO 22007-4:2017(E)
Key
1 flash source
2 pulse detector
3 specimen
4 furnace or climatic chamber
5 temperature measurement device
6 windows
7 transient detector
8 control, acquisition and analysis unit
Figure 2 — Schematic diagram of laser flash set-up for measuring thermal diffusivity
5.3 Flash source
The energy level of the flash source shall produce a temperature rise not exceeding 3 K at the rear face
of the specimen.
The spatial energy distribution of the pulse heating shall be as uniform as possible over the front face
of the specimen.
The pulse duration shall be shorter than 1 ms.
The heat pulse source may be a laser (preferably) or a flash tube.
A photodiode can be used to determine the duration and form of the pulse and the time origin.
5.4 Transient detectors
The transient temperature rise at the rear face of the specimen shall be measured with an IR detector.
The transient detector shall be able to detect a variation of 5 mK in the specimen rear face temperature.
Its response shall be linear with temperature over a temperature range of at least 3 K.
The frequency response of the detector and its associated electronics (amplifiers, analogue/digital
converters, etc.) shall be faster than 10 kHz. If electronic filters are used, they shall meet the requirements
4 © ISO 2017 – All rights reserved

ISO 22007-4:2017(E)
defined above and shall not decrease the accuracy of temperature measurement, otherwise they could
distort the shape of the temperature-time curve.
NOTE The choice of IR detector depends also on the temperature range. For the range −100 °C to +400 °C,
photovoltaic or photoconductor detectors can be used.
The temperature of the rear face, or a quantity directly proportional to it (e.g. voltage), shall be measured
and recorded continuously over the duration of the test. The data acquisition system, which may be
analogue or digital, shall be able to sample more than 1 000 data points on the thermogram with a
−5
sampling frequency higher than 100/t . The accuracy of the time base shall be better than ±1 × 10 s.
1/2
5.5 Thickness measurement device
The specimen thickness shall be measured with an accuracy of ±5 µm by a calibrated thickness
measurement device having a resolution of ±1 µm. For soft materials, a micrometer with reproducibly
low compression is required.
6 Test specimen
6.1 Shape and dimension of the specimen
The specimen shall be a thin disc. The specimen diameter is usually from 5 mm to 20 mm. The specimen
thickness shall be chosen according to the pulse width and the thermal diffusivity of the material. It
shall be selected such that the pulse width is less than 0,01 of the half-rise time. Typically, the thickness
will be between 0,5 mm and 3 mm. The aspect ratio of the specimen shall be chosen such that 2D effects
are negligible during the test. The ratio of the diameter to the thickness shall be larger than 3:1.
The faces shall be flat and parallel. Any variation in the thickness of the specimen should preferably
be less than 1 % of the mean thickness. The effect of greater non-uniformity can be estimated in the
measurement uncertainty.
6.2 Preparation and conditioning of test specimen
The test specimen shall be representative of the material being examined and shall be prepared and
handled with care. If the specimen is taken from sample pieces by cutting, care shall be taken to prevent
heating, changes in molecular orientation or any other effect that may alter the sample properties.
A method for sample preparation of oriented, anisotropic specimens is specified in Annex C.
The test specimen shall be conditioned prior to the measurement as specified in the relevant material
standard or by a method agreed between the parties involved. Unless other conditions are specified, it
is recommended that the specimen be conditioned in accordance with ISO 291.
NOTE Depending on the material and its thermal history, the method of test specimen preparation may be
crucial to the consistency of the results and their significance.
6.3 Coating the specimen
Specimens which are not opaque to the laser radiation at the wavelength used shall be coated with an
appropriate coating (a metal coating, for example) to prevent penetration of the laser beam into the
specimen. The influence of the coating on the heat transfer shall be negligible (i.e. it shall have a high
diffusivity and low thickness in comparison with the specimen). The total thickness of the coating shall
be chosen such that the half-rise time for the coating alone is less than 2 % of the total half-rise time for
the specimen.
NOTE 1 The half-rise time, t , for the coating can be simply calculated from its thickness, d, and thermal
1/2
diffusivity, α, using Formula (1), a rearranged form of Formula (B.1):
ISO 22007-4:2017(E)
d
t = 0,13879 (1)
12/
α
NOTE 2 Both sides of the specim
...