ASTM D5633-94(2001)
(Practice)Standard Practice for Sampling with a Scoop
Standard Practice for Sampling with a Scoop
SCOPE
1.1 This procedure covers the method and equipment used to collect surface and near-surface samples of soils and physically similar materials using a scoop.
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D 5633 – 94 (Reapproved 2001)
Standard Practice for
Sampling with a Scoop
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 5633; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 4.2 Scoops are used primarily for collecting samples near
the surface. Subsurface samples can be obtained by first
1.1 This procedure covers the method and equipment used
removing higher layers using a shovel or other suitable
to collect surface and near-surface samples of soils and
equipment and collecting the sample with the scoop.
physically similar materials using a scoop.
4.3 Because of their simplicity, scoops are useful in taking
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the
samples of waste materials where decontamination or disposal
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
is a problem with other types of sampling equipment. Scoops
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
are also suitable for use in rapid screening programs, pilot
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
studies, and other semi-quantitative investigations.
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
4.4 Samples should be collected in accordance with an
2. Referenced Documents
appropriate work plan (see Practice D 5283 and Guide
D 4687).
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D 4687 Guide for General Planning of Waste Sampling
5. Sampling Equipment
D 5088 Practice for Decontamination of Field Equipment
5.1 A shovel or other suitable equipment can be used for the
Used at Nonradioactive Waste Sites
initial removal of overburden material. This equipment should
D 5283 Practice for Generation of Environmental Data
be manufactured from material that is compatible with the soil
Related to Waste Management Activities: Quality Assur-
or waste to be sampled. The scoop must be manufactured from
ance and Quality Control Planning and Implementation
material that is compatible with the soil or waste to be sampled
2.2 Other Documents:
and the required test or analysis to be performed. For most
Pierre Gy’s Sampling Theory and Sampling Practice, Fran-
hazardous waste sampling, either a disposable plastic scoop or
cis F. Pitard
a reusable stainless steel or polytetrafluoroethylene-coated
3. Summary of Practice
scoop is suitable.
5.2 The design of the scoop is important to minimize
3.1 The top layers of material are removed down to the
sampling error, that is, all the material intended as the sample
required sample depth using a shovel or other suitable equip-
can be collected and placed in the sample container and is not
ment. A clean scoop is then used to collect the actual sample,
lost as the scoop is systematically lifted from the source to the
which is placed in a sample container.
sample container (see Pierre Gy’s Sampling Theory and
4. Significance and Use
Sampling Practice and Fig. 1).
5.3 For measurement of sample depth, a ruler or tape
4.1 This practice is intended for use in colle
...
This May Also Interest You
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method is meant to allow for a rapid (24 h) index of a geomedia's sorption affinity for given solutes in environmental waters or leachates. A large number of samples may be run in parallel using this test method to determine a comparative ranking of those samples, based upon the amount of solute sorbed by the geomedia, or by various geomedia or leachate constituents. The 24 h time is used to make the test convenient and also to minimize microbial, light, or hydrolytic degradation which may be a problem in longer timed procedures. While Kd values are directly applicable for screening and comparative ranking purposes, their use in predictive field applications generally requires the assumption that Kd be a fixed value.
5.2 While this test method may be useful in determining 24 h Kd values for nonvolatile organic constituents, interlaboratory testing has been carried out only for the nonvolatile inorganic species arsenic and cadmium (see Section 12). However, the procedure has been tested for single-laboratory precision with polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and is believed to be useful for all stable and nonvolatile inorganic and organic constituents. This test method is not considered appropriate for volatile constituents.
5.3 The 24 h time limit may be sufficient to reach a steady-state Kd; however, the calculated Kd value should be considered a non-equilibrium measurement unless steady-state has been determined. To report this determination as a steady-state Kd, this test method should be conducted for intermediate times (for example, 12, 18, and 22 h) to ensure that the soluble concentrations in the solution have reached a steady state by 24 h. If a test duration of greater than 24 h is required, refer to Test Method D4319 for an alternate procedure of longer duration.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method describes a procedure for determining the sorption affinity of waste solutes by unconsolidated geologic material in aqueous suspension. The waste solute may be derived from a variety of sources such as wells, underdrain systems, or laboratory solutions such as those produced by waste extraction tests like the Practice D3987 shake extraction method.
1.2 This test method is applicable in screening and providing relative rankings of a large number of geomedia samples for their sorption affinity in aqueous leachate/geomedia suspensions. This test method may not simulate sorption characteristics that would occur in unperturbed geologic settings.
1.3 While this procedure may be applicable to both organic and inorganic constituents, care must be taken with respect to the stability of the particular constituents and their possible losses from solution by such processes as degradation by microbes, light, hydrolysis, or sorption to material surfaces. This test method should not be used for volatile chemical constituents (see 6.1).
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
- Standard5 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Bucket augers (Fig. 1) are relatively inexpensive, readily available, available in different types depending on the media to be sampled, and most can be easily operated by one person. They collect a reasonably cylindrical but disturbed sample of surface or subsurface soil or waste. They are generally not suited for sampling gravelly or coarser soil and are unsuitable for sampling rock. There are other designs of hand augers, such as the Edelman auger, used to retrieve difficult materials such as waste, sands, peat, and mud.
FIG. 1 Bucket Auger
5.2 Bucket augers are commonly used equipment because they are inexpensive to operate, especially compared to powered equipment (that is, direct push and drill rigs). When evaluated against screw augers (Guide D4700), bucket augers generally collect larger samples with less chance of mixing with soil from shallow depths because the sample is retained within the auger bucket. Bucket augers are commonly used to depths of 3 m but have been used to much greater depths depending upon the soil or waste characteristics. In general, bucket augers can maintain open holes in unsaturated soils and saturated clay soils below the water table. Saturated sands will cave below the water table and perched zones and cohesionless dry sands may also cave. The sampling depth is limited by the force required to rotate the auger and the depth at which the bore hole collapses (unless bore casings or liners are used).
5.3 Bucket augers may not be suitable for the collection of samples for determination of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) because the sample is disturbed and exposed to atmosphere during the collection process, which may lead to losses resulting in a chemically unrepresentative sample.
5.4 If VOC analysis is required, the bucket auger is used to reach the desired sample depth, a planer auger can be used to clean the base of the hole, and a hammered drive tube sampler (Fig. 2) can be used at the bottom of the hole. Drive ...
SCOPE
1.1 This practice describes the procedures and equipment used to collect surface and subsurface soil and contaminated media samples for chemical analysis using a hand-operated bucket auger (sometimes referred to as a barrel auger). Several types of bucket augers exist and are designed for sampling various types of soil. All bucket augers collect disturbed samples. Bucket augers can also be used to auger to the desired sampling depth and then, using a core-type sampler, collect a relatively undisturbed sample suitable for chemical analysis.
1.2 This practice does not cover the use of large 300 mm or greater diameter bucket augers mechanically operated by large drill rigs or similar equipment, such as those described in Practice D1452/D1452M, paragraph 5.2.4. Practice D1452/D1452M on auger borings refers to this hand auger included in Practice D6907 as a barrel auger.
1.3 Refer to Guides D4700 and D6232 for information on other hand samplers. The bucket auger is often used for shallow surface soil sampling, but there are many other types of handheld augers, flight, screw, rotary powered, and agricultural push tube samplers. Practice D1452/D1452M addresses larger powered solid stem flight auger systems.
1.4 This standard does not address soil samples obtained with mechanical drilling, direct push, and sonic machines (refer to Guides D6286/D6286M and D6169/D6169M) or for collecting cores from submerged sediments (Guide D4823).
1.5 This practice does not address sampling objectives (see Practice D5792), general sample planning (see Guide D4687), and sampling design (for example, where to collect samples and what depth to sample (see Guide D6044)). Sampling for volatile organic compounds (see Guide D4547), equipment cleaning and decontamination (see Practice D5088), sample handling after collection such as compositing and subsampling (see Guide D6051), and sample preservation (Guide D4220/D4220M) are used in this s...
- Standard5 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
- Standard5 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This practice is intended for use in collecting samples of contaminated soils and similar materials.
5.2 Scoops are used primarily for collecting samples near the surface. Subsurface samples can be obtained by first removing higher layers using a shovel or other suitable equipment and collecting the sample with the scoop.
5.3 Because of their simplicity, scoops are useful in taking samples of waste materials where decontamination or disposal is a problem with other types of sampling equipment. Scoops are also suitable for use in rapid screening programs, pilot studies, and other semi-quantitative investigations.
5.4 Samples should be collected in accordance with an appropriate work plan (see Practice D5283 and Guide D4687).
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the method and equipment used to collect surface and near-surface samples of soils and physically similar materials using a scoop.
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
- Standard2 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
- Standard2 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This guide describes sample collection and handling procedures designed to minimize losses of VOCs. The principal mechanisms for the loss of VOCs from materials during collection, handling, and storage are volatilization and biodegradation. Susceptibility of various VOCs to these two loss mechanisms is both compound and matrix specific. In general, compounds with higher vapor pressures are more susceptible to volatilization than compounds with lower vapor pressures. Also, aerobically degradable compounds are generally more susceptible to biodegradation than anaerobically degradable compounds. In some cases, the formation of other compounds not originally present in the material can occur. Loss or gain of VOCs leads to analytical results that are unrepresentative of field conditions.
5.2 Ancillary information concerning sample collection, handling, and storage for VOC analysis is provided in Appendix X1 – Appendix X3. These appendixes and cited references are recommended reading for those unfamiliar with the many challenges presented during the collection, handling, and storage of samples for VOC analysis.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide describes recommended procedures for the collection, handling, and preparation of solid waste, soil, and sediment samples for subsequent determination of volatile organic compounds (VOCs). This class of compounds includes low molecular weight aromatics, hydrocarbons, halogenated hydrocarbons, ketones, acetates, nitriles, acrylates, ethers, and sulfides with boiling points below 200° Celsius (C) that are insoluble or slightly soluble in water.
1.2 Methods of sample collection, handling, storage, and preparation for analysis are described.
1.3 This guide does not cover the details of sampling design, laboratory preparation of containers, and the analysis of the samples.
1.4 It is recommended that this guide be used in conjunction with Guide D4687.
1.5 This guide offers an organized collection of information or a series of options and does not recommend a specific course of action. This document cannot replace education or experience and should be used in conjunction with professional judgment. Not all aspects of this guide may be applicable in all circumstances. This ASTM standard is not intended to represent or replace the standard of care by which the adequacy of a given professional service must be judged, nor should this document be applied without consideration of a project’s many unique aspects. The word “standard” in the title of this document means only that the document has been approved through the ASTM consensus process.
1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. Reporting of test results in units other than SI shall not be regarded as nonconformance with this standard.
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
- Guide16 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
- Guide16 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Elemental species such as Cr, Ni, As, Cd, Hg, and Pb are widely used in many industrial processes. These elements have been identified in many former industrial sites driving the need for a quick, easy method for testing on-site at trace levels in soil and solid waste matrices.
5.2 This method may be used for quantitative determinations of Cr, Ni, As, Cd, Hg, and Pb in soil matrices and solid waste. Typical test time is 90 seconds to 15 minutes.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method is based upon energy-dispersive X-ray Fluorescence (EDXRF) spectrometry using multiple monochromatic excitation beams for detection and quantification of selected heavy metal elements in soil and related solid waste.
1.2 This test method is also known as High Definition X-ray Fluorescence (HDXRF) or Multiple Monochromatic Beam EDXRF (MMB-EDXRF).
1.3 This test method is applicable to various soil matrices for the determination of Cr, Ni, As, Cd, Hg, and Pb in the range of 1 to 5000 mg/kg, as specified in Table 1 and determined by a ruggedness study using representative samples. The limit of detection (LOD) for each element is listed in Table 1. The LOD is estimated by measuring a SiO2 blank sample (see Table X1.1 in Appendix X1).
1.4 This test method is applicable to other elements: Sb, Cu, Se, Ag, Tl, Zn, Ba, Au, Co, V, Fe, Mn, Mo, K, Rb, Sn, Sr, and Ti.
1.5 X-ray Nomenclature—This standard names X-ray lines using the Siegbahn convention.2
1.6 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
- Standard12 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Sonic drilling is a rapid, primarily dry drilling method (see 5.2), used both in geotechnical applications to avoid hydraulic fracturing, and in environmental site exploration. Geotechnical applications include exploration for tunnels, underground excavations, and installation of instrumentation or structural elements. Sonic drilling methods are used in rocky soils with large diameter casing to obtain continuous samples in materials that are difficult to sample using other methods. It is well suited for projects of a production-orientated nature with a drilling rate faster than most all other drilling methods (Guide D6286/D6286M). Sonic drilling is used for environmental explorations because sonic drilling offers the benefit of significantly reduced drill cuttings, a major cost element, and reduced drill fluid use and production. Sonic drilling offers rapid formation penetration thereby increasing production. It can reduce fieldwork time generating overall project cost reductions. The continuous core sample recovered provides a representative lithological column for review and analysis. Sonic drilling readily lends itself to environmental instrumentation installation and to in-situ testing. The advantage of a clean cased hole without the use of drilling fluids provides for increased efficiency in instrumentation installation. The ability to cause vibration to the casing string eliminates the complication of monitoring well backfill bridging common to other drilling methods and reduces the risk of casing lockup allowing for easy casing withdrawal during grouting. The clean borehole reduces well development time. Pumping tests can be performed as needed prior to well screen placement to allow for proper screen location. The sonic method is readily utilized in multiple cased well applications which are required to prevent aquifer cross contamination. The installation of inclinometers, vibrating wire piezometers, settlement gauges, and the like can be accomplished e...
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers procedures for using sonic drilling methods in the conducting of subsurface exploration for site characterization and in the installation of subsurface monitoring devices.
1.2 The use of the sonic drilling method for exploration and monitoring-device installation may often involve preliminary site research and safety planning, administration, and documentation.
1.3 Soil or Rock samples collected by sonic methods are classed as group A or group B in accordance with Practices D4220/D4220M. Other sampling methods (Guide D6169/D6169M) may be used in conjunction with the sonic method to collect samples classed as group C and Group D. Other drilling methods are summarized in Guide D6286/D6286M.
1.4 Units—The values stated in either inch-pound units or SI units [presented in brackets] are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard. Reporting of test results in units other than in-pound shall not be regarded as nonconformance with this practice.
1.5 All observed and calculated values shall conform to the guidelines for significant digits and rounding established in Practice D6026, unless superseded by this standard.
1.6 This practice offers a set of instructions for performing one or more specific operations. It is a description of the present state-of-the-art practice of sonic drilling. It does not recommend this method as a specific course of action. This document cannot replace education or experience and should be used in conjunction with professional judgment. Not all aspects of this practice may be applicable in all circumstances. This ASTM standard is not intended to represent or replace the standard of care by which the adequacy of a given professional service must be judged,...
- Standard12 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This practice is intended for the collection of settled dust samples in and around buildings and related structures for the subsequent determination of lead content in a manner consistent with that described in the HUD Guidelines and 40 CFR 745.63. The practice is meant for use in the collection of settled dust samples that are of interest in clearance, hazard assessment, risk assessment, and other purposes.
5.2 Use of different pressures applied to the sampled surface along with the use of different wiping patterns contribute to collection variability. Thus, the sampling result can vary between operators performing collection from identical surfaces as a result of collection variables. Collection for any group of sampling locations at a given sampling site is best when limited to a single operator.
5.3 This practice is recommended for the collection of settled dust samples from hard, relatively smooth, nonporous surfaces. This practice is less effective for collecting settled dust samples from surfaces with substantial texture such as rough concrete, brickwork, textured ceilings, and soft fibrous surfaces such as upholstery and carpeting.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the collection of settled lead-containing dust on surfaces using the wipe sampling method. These samples are collected in a manner that will permit subsequent extraction (see Practices E1644 and E1979) and determination of lead using laboratory analysis techniques such as atomic spectrometry (see Test Methods E3193/E3193M and E3203). For collection of settled dust samples for determination of lead and other metals, use Practice D6966.
1.2 This practice does not address the sampling design criteria (that is, sampling plan which includes the number and location of samples) that are used for clearance (see Practices E2271/E2271M and E3074/E3074M), lead hazard evaluation, or risk assessment (see Guide E2115), and other purposes. To provide for valid conclusions, sufficient numbers of samples should be obtained as directed by a sampling plan.
1.3 This practice contains notes that are explanatory and are not part of the mandatory requirements of this practice.
1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
- Standard5 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
- Standard5 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Sonic drilling is a rapid, primarily dry drilling method (see 5.2), used both in geotechnical applications to avoid hydraulic fracturing, and in environmental site exploration. Geotechnical applications include exploration for tunnels, underground excavations, and installation of instrumentation or structural elements. Sonic drilling methods are used in rocky soils with large diameter casing to obtain continuous samples in materials that are difficult to sample using other methods. It is well suited for projects of a production-orientated nature with a drilling rate faster than most all other drilling methods (Guide D6286/D6286M). Sonic drilling is used for environmental explorations because sonic drilling offers the benefit of significantly reduced drill cuttings, a major cost element, and reduced drill fluid use and production. Sonic drilling offers rapid formation penetration thereby increasing production. It can reduce fieldwork time generating overall project cost reductions. The continuous core sample recovered provides a representative lithological column for review and analysis. Sonic drilling readily lends itself to environmental instrumentation installation and to in-situ testing. The advantage of a clean cased hole without the use of drilling fluids provides for increased efficiency in instrumentation installation. The ability to cause vibration to the casing string eliminates the complication of monitoring well backfill bridging common to other drilling methods and reduces the risk of casing lockup allowing for easy casing withdrawal during grouting. The clean borehole reduces well development time. Pumping tests can be performed as needed prior to well screen placement to allow for proper screen location. The sonic method is readily utilized in multiple cased well applications which are required to prevent aquifer cross contamination. The installation of inclinometers, vibrating wire piezometers, settlement gauges, and the like can be accomplished e...
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers procedures for using sonic drilling methods in the conducting of subsurface exploration for site characterization and in the installation of subsurface monitoring devices.
1.2 The use of the sonic drilling method for exploration and monitoring-device installation may often involve preliminary site research and safety planning, administration, and documentation.
1.3 Soil or Rock samples collected by sonic methods are classed as group A or group B in accordance with Practices D4220/D4220M. Other sampling methods (Guide D6169/D6169M) may be used in conjunction with the sonic method to collect samples classed as group C and Group D. Other drilling methods are summarized in Guide D6286/D6286M.
1.4 Units—The values stated in either inch-pound units or SI units [presented in brackets] are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard. Reporting of test results in units other than in-pound shall not be regarded as nonconformance with this practice.
1.5 All observed and calculated values shall conform to the guidelines for significant digits and rounding established in Practice D6026, unless superseded by this standard.
1.6 This practice offers a set of instructions for performing one or more specific operations. It is a description of the present state-of-the-art practice of sonic drilling. It does not recommend this method as a specific course of action. This document cannot replace education or experience and should be used in conjunction with professional judgment. Not all aspects of this practice may be applicable in all circumstances. This ASTM standard is not intended to represent or replace the standard of care by which the adequacy of a given professional service must be judged,...
- Standard12 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method is meant to allow for a rapid (24 h) index of a geomedia's sorption affinity for given solutes in environmental waters or leachates. A large number of samples may be run in parallel using this test method to determine a comparative ranking of those samples, based upon the amount of solute sorbed by the geomedia, or by various geomedia or leachate constituents. The 24 h time is used to make the test convenient and also to minimize microbial, light, or hydrolytic degradation which may be a problem in longer timed procedures. While Kd values are directly applicable for screening and comparative ranking purposes, their use in predictive field applications generally requires the assumption that Kd be a fixed value.
5.2 While this test method may be useful in determining 24 h Kd values for nonvolatile organic constituents, interlaboratory testing has been carried out only for the nonvolatile inorganic species arsenic and cadmium (see Section 12). However, the procedure has been tested for single-laboratory precision with polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and is believed to be useful for all stable and nonvolatile inorganic and organic constituents. This test method is not considered appropriate for volatile constituents.
5.3 The 24 h time limit may be sufficient to reach a steady-state Kd; however, the calculated Kd value should be considered a non-equilibrium measurement unless steady-state has been determined. To report this determination as a steady-state Kd, this test method should be conducted for intermediate times (for example, 12, 18, and 22 h) to ensure that the soluble concentrations in the solution have reached a steady state by 24 h. If a test duration of greater than 24 h is required, refer to Test Method D4319 for an alternate procedure of longer duration.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method describes a procedure for determining the sorption affinity of waste solutes by unconsolidated geologic material in aqueous suspension. The waste solute may be derived from a variety of sources such as wells, underdrain systems, or laboratory solutions such as those produced by waste extraction tests like the Practice D3987 shake extraction method.
1.2 This test method is applicable in screening and providing relative rankings of a large number of geomedia samples for their sorption affinity in aqueous leachate/geomedia suspensions. This test method may not simulate sorption characteristics that would occur in unperturbed geologic settings.
1.3 While this procedure may be applicable to both organic and inorganic constituents, care must be taken with respect to the stability of the particular constituents and their possible losses from solution by such processes as degradation by microbes, light, hydrolysis, or sorption to material surfaces. This test method should not be used for volatile chemical constituents (see 6.1).
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
- Standard5 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Several different factors should be taken into consideration when evaluating methane hazard, rather than, for example, use of a single concentration-based screening level as a de-facto hazard assessment level. Key variables are identified and briefly discussed in this section. Legal background information is provided in Appendix X3. The Bibliography includes references where more detailed information can be found on the effect of various parameters on gas concentrations.
5.2 Application—This guide is intended for use by those undertaking an assessment of hazards to people and property as a result of subsurface methane suspected to be present based on due diligence or other site evaluations (see 6.1.1).
5.2.1 This guide addresses shallow methane, including its presence in the vadose zone; at residential, commercial, and industrial sites with existing construction; or where development is proposed.
5.3 This guide provides a consistent, streamlined process for deciding on action and the urgency of action for the identified hazard. Advantages include:
5.3.1 Decisions are based on reducing the actual risk of adverse impacts to people and property.
5.3.2 Assessment is based on collecting only the information that is necessary to evaluate hazard.
5.3.3 Available resources are focused on those sites and conditions that pose the greatest risk to people and property at any time.
5.3.4 Response actions are chosen based on the existence of a hazard and are designed to mitigate the hazard and reduce risk to an acceptable level.
5.3.5 The urgency of initial response to an identified hazard is commensurate with its potential adverse impact to people and property.
5.4 Limitations—This guide does not address potential hazards from other gases and vapors that may also be present in the subsurface such as hydrogen sulfide, carbon dioxide, and/or volatile organic compounds (VOCs) that may co-occur with methane. If the presence of hydrogen sulfide or other...
SCOPE
1.1 This guide provides a consistent basis for assessing methane in the vadose zone, evaluating hazard and risk, determining the appropriate response, and identifying the urgency of the response.
1.2 Purpose—This guide covers techniques for evaluating potential hazards associated with methane present in the vadose zone beneath or near existing or proposed buildings or other structures (for example, potential fires or explosions within the buildings or structures), when such hazards are suspected to be present based on due diligence or other site evaluations (see 6.1.1). Buildings in this context include normal below grade utilities associated with a building.
1.3 Objectives—This guide: (1) provides a practical and reasonable industry standard for evaluating, prioritizing, and addressing potential methane hazards based on mass flow and (2) provides a tool for screening out low-risk sites.
1.4 This guide offers a set of instructions for performing one or more specific operations. This guide cannot replace education or experience and should be used in conjunction with professional judgment. Not all aspects of this guide may be applicable in all circumstances. This guide is not intended to represent or replace the standard of care by which the adequacy of a given professional service should be judged, nor should this guide be applied without consideration of a project's many unique aspects. The word “Standard” in the title means only that the guide has been approved through the ASTM International consensus process.
1.5 Not addressed by this guide are:
1.5.1 Requirements or guidance or both with respect to methane sampling or evaluation in federal, state, or local regulations. Users are cautioned that federal, state, and local guidance may impose specific requirements that differ from those of this guide;
1.5.2 Safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this sta...
- Guide34 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
- Guide34 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
Questions, Comments and Discussion
Ask us and Technical Secretary will try to provide an answer. You can facilitate discussion about the standard in here.