ASTM E1109-19

This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: E1109 − 19
Standard Test Method for
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Determining the Bulk Density of Solid Waste Fractions
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E1109; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 3. Terminology
1.1 This test method may be used to determine the bulk
3.1 Definitions—For definitions of terms common to waste
density of various fractions from the resource recovery pro-
and waste management used in this test method, refer to
cessing of municipal solid waste. It is intended as a means of
Terminology D5681.
characterizing such fractions and for providing data useful to
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
designers of solid waste processing plants.
3.2.1 bulk density—the mass per unit volume of particulate
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
matter or material.
standard. The values given in parentheses are for information
only.
4. Summary of Test Method
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
4.1 Asample of a solid waste stream is tamped in a cubical
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
container of known volume and then weighed. Bulk density is
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
calculated from the weight of the contents and volume of the
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
container.
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-
5. Significance and Use
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the 5.1 This test method describes a physical property of solid
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom- waste in processing facilities, a property that characterizes the
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical solid waste streams and hence the operation of resource
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
recovery separators and processors.
5.2 The bulk density is an important property for the design
2. Referenced Documents
of materials handling equipment, separators, and processors.
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2.1 ASTM Standards:
5.3 In this test method, bulk density is not considered an
C702/C702M Practice for Reducing Samples of Aggregate
absolute material property as is the density of individual
to Testing Size
particlesofamaterial.Themeasuredbulkdensityheredepends
D75/D75M Practice for Sampling Aggregates
on the size of the container, the moisture content of the “as
D2216 Test Methods for Laboratory Determination of Water
tested” material, and how the material is loaded into the
(Moisture) Content of Soil and Rock by Mass
container. For example, the bulk density of material placed
D5681 Terminology for Waste and Waste Management
loosely in a container will be less than that of material tamped
E689 Reference Radiographs for Ductile Iron Castings
into a container. Also, some materials placed loosely in a
E1107 Test Method for Measuring the Throughput of
container will settle with time due to its own weight; thus, its
Resource-Recovery Unit Operations
bulk density will increase. As written, the “as tested” waste
sample may or may not be dried prior to testing, so that
calculated bulk density includes the moisture associated with
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This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D34 on Waste
the “as tested” material.
Management and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D34.03 on Treatment,
Recovery and Reuse.
Current edition approved Feb. 1, 2019. Published February 2019. Originally
6. Apparatus
approved in 1986. Last previous edition approved in 2018 as E1109 – 18. DOI:
10.1520/E1109-19.
6.1 Balance—Abalance or scale accurate to within 0.1 % of
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For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
the test load at any point within the range of use. The range of
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
use shall be considered to extend from the weight of the
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. measure empty to the weight of the measure plus its contents.
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E1109 − 19
6.2 Cubical Measure, with internal dimensions approxi- 9.3 Select a test spec
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