ASTM D5269-96

Designation: D 5269 – 96
AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS
100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
Reprinted from the Annual Book of ASTM Standards. Copyright ASTM
Standard Test Method for
Determining Transmissivity of Nonleaky Confined Aquifers
1
by the Theis Recovery Method
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 5269; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope Levels in a Borehole or Monitoring Well (Observation
2
Well)
1.1 This test method covers an analytical procedure for
determining the transmissivity of a confined aquifer. This test
3. Terminology
method is used to analyze data from the recovery of water
3.1 Definitions:
levels following pumping or injection of water to or from a
3.1.1 aquifer, confined—an aquifer bounded above and
control well at a constant rate.
below by confining beds and in which the static head is above
1.2 The analytical procedure given in this test method is
the top of the aquifer.
used in conjunction with the field procedure in Test Method
3.1.2 confining bed—a hydrogeologic unit of less perme-
D 4050.
able material bounding one or more aquifers.
1.3 Limitations—The valid use of the Theis recovery
3.1.3 control well—a well by which the aquifer is stressed,
method is limited to determination of transmissivities for
for example, by pumping, injection, or change of head.
aquifers in hydrogeologic settings with reasonable correspon-
3.1.4 drawdown—vertical distance the static head is low-
dence to the assumptions of the Theis theory (see 5.1).
ered due to the removal of water.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
3.1.5 hydraulic conductivity (field aquifer tests)—the vol-
standard.
ume of water at the existing kinematic viscosity that will move
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
in a unit time under unit hydraulic gradient through a unit area
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
measured at right angles to the direction of flow.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
3.1.6 observation well—a well open to all or part of an
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
aquifer.
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
3.1.7 piezometer—a device used to measure head at a point
2. Referenced Documents in the subsurface.
3.1.8 residual drawdown—The difference between the pro-
2.1 ASTM Standards:
jected prepumping water-level trend and the water level in a
D 653 Terminology Relating to Soil, Rock and Contained
2
well or piezometer after pumping or injection has stopped.
Fluids
3.1.9 specific storage—the volume of water released from
D 4043 Guide for Selection of Aquifer-Test Method in
2
or taken into storage per unit volume of the porous medium per
Determining Hydraulic Properties by Well Techniques
unit change in head.
D 4050 Test Method (Field Procedure) for Withdrawal and
3.1.10 step-drawdown test—a test in which a control well is
Injection Well Tests for Determining Hydraulic Properties
2 pumped at constant rates in “steps” of increasing discharge.
of Aquifer Systems
Each step is approximately equal in duration, although the last
D 4105 Test Method (Analytical Procedure) for Determin-
step may be prolonged.
ing Transmissivity and Storage Coefficient of Nonleaky
3.1.11 storage coeffıcient—the volume of water an aquifer
Confined Aquifers by the Modified Theis Nonequilibrium
2 releases from or takes into storage per unit surface area of the
Method
aquifer per unit change in head. For a confined aquifer it is
D 4106 Test Method (Analytical Procedure) for Determin-
equal to the product of specific storage and aquifer thickness.
ing Transmissivity and Storage Coefficient of Nonleaky
2
For an unconfined aquifer, the storage coefficient is approxi-
Confined Aquifers by the Theis Nonequilibrium Method
mately equal to the specific yield.
D 4750 Test Method for Determining Subsurface Liquid
3.1.12 transmissivity—the volume of water of the prevail-
ing kinematic viscosity transmitted in a unit time through a unit
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D-18 on Soil
width of the aquifer under a unit hydraulic gradient.
and Rock and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D18.21 on Ground Water
3.2 Symbols:Symbols and Dimensions:
and Vadose Zone Investigations.
Current edition approved Oct. 10, 1996. Published June 1997. Originally
3.2.1 b [L]—aquifer thickness.
−1
published as D 5269 – 92.
3.2.2 K [LT ]—hydraulic conductivity.
2
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.08.
1

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D 5269
Q
3.2.2.1 Discussion—The use of the symbol K for the term
s8 5 ln~t/t8! (3)
4pT
hydraulic conductivity is the predominant usage in ground-
water l
...