ASTM E947-83(2002)

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Designation: E 947 – 83 (Reapproved 2002)
Standard Specification for
Sampling Single-Phase Geothermal Liquid or Steam for
Purposes of Chemical Analysis
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E 947; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope the sample contacts only surfaces that the operator can verify
are noncontaminating and nonabsorbing.
1.1 This specification covers the basic requirements for
3.3.1 Moving the probe tip across the diameter of the pipe
equipment to be used for the collection of uncontaminated and
may allow the operator to determine the existence of stratifi-
representative samples from single-phase geothermal liquid or
cation or multiphase sampling problems.
steam. Geopressured liquids are included. See Fig. 1.
3.3.2 Flow regulation is accomplished downstream of the
2. Application
cooling coils in order to avoid residual flashing into steam at
the point of pressure reduction. Flashing may cause scale
2.1 This specification covers only that equipment which is
deposition which would preclude the accurate determination of
commonly used for the sampling of single-phase geothermal
certain constituents.
liquid or steam. It does not cover specialized equipment
required for, and unique to, a specific test or method of
4. Sampling Lines
analysis.The specification covers items such as valves, fittings,
4.1 Safety—Sampling lines shall be as short as practical and
tubing,coolingcoilsandcondensers,pumps,degassers,sample
of sufficient strength to prevent structural failure.
containers, sample probes, and packaging materials, but ex-
4.2 Construction—All sample lines shall be constructed to
cludes equipment used in specific testing and analysis.
eliminate traps in which condensate, entrained particulates, or
2.2 This procedure applies to single-phase steam or liquid
scale precipitates might settle since they may be partially
streams prior to separation and to separated single-phase steam
emptied with changes in flow conditions and may result in
or liquid streams.
sample contamination. Allow for thermal expansion.
2.3 For most geothermal and geopressured fluids tested by
the procedures outlined in this specification, both liquid and
5. Valves, Fittings, and Gages
gas samples may be collected.
5.1 Valves which control access to the sampling point shall
3. Sample Probes have straight throats (frequently designated as ball, plug, and
gate valves). This permits a probe to be inserted directly into
3.1 Sample probes shall be used to extract liquid or steam
the flow.
from the main part of the geothermal flow rather than using a
5.2 It is recommended that at least one full-port shut-off
wall-accessing valve and pipe arrangement.
valve be placed on the downstream end of the sample probe so
3.1.1 The probe permits the sampling of various positions
that the sampling line may be isolated when desired.
within the flow to determine whether stratified or annular
5.3 Throttling devices such as valves, capillary tubes, or
two-phase flow is present which would bias a single-point
orifices, if used, shall be placed at the sample outlet of the
sample.
cooler or condenser. This practice will ensure cooling at the
3.2 Sample probes shall be designed to extract representa-
highest pressure and will minimize the possibility of fluid
tive samples from flowing systems. Special attention during
flashing or scale forming in the cooling coil. A head column
construction of the probe shall be given to the stresses that the
such as that recommended for normal water and steam sam-
probe will later be subjected to during insertion into, and
pling (Specification D 1192, for Equipment for Sampling
operation in, a pressurized flowing system.
Water and Steam ) shall not be used because it provides a
3.3 The sampling probe (see Fig. 2) passes through the
mechanism for gas separation and escape prior to sample
sliding seal and access valve in order that liquid or steam can
collection.
be sampled from the mainstream of the flow line. Thereafter,
5.4 Equipment adequate to determine the pressure and
temperature of the mainstrem liquid or steam flow shall be
utilized.
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E44 on Solar,
Geothermal and OtherAlternative Energy Sources and is the direct responsibility of
SubcommitteeE44.15onGeothermalFieldDevelopment,UtilizationandMaterials.
Current edition approved April 10, 2002. Published August 1983. Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 11.01.
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E 947 – 83 (2002)
FIG. 1 Example Assembly (Particularly Suited f
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