ASTM E947-83(1996)e1

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e1
Designation: E 947 – 83 (Reapproved 1996)
Standard Specification for
Sampling Single-Phase Geothermal Liquid or Steam for
Purposes of Chemical Analysis
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E 947; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
e NOTE—Keywords were added editorially in April 1996.
1. Scope sampled from the mainstream of the flow line. Thereafter, the
sample contacts only surfaces that the operator can verify are
1.1 This specification covers the basic requirements for
noncontaminating and nonabsorbing.
equipment to be used for the collection of uncontaminated and
3.3.1 Moving the probe tip across the diameter of the pipe
representative samples from single-phase geothermal liquid or
may allow the operator to determine the existence of stratifi-
steam. Geopressured liquids are included. Fig. 1
cation or multiphase sampling problems.
2. Application 3.3.2 Flow regulation is accomplished downstream of the
cooling coils in order to avoid residual flashing into steam at
2.1 This specification covers only that equipment which is
the point of pressure reduction. Flashing may cause scale
commonly used for the sampling of single-phase geothermal
deposition which would preclude the accurate determination of
liquid or steam. It does not cover specialized equipment
certain constituents.
required for, and unique to, a specific test or method of
analysis. The specification covers items such as valves, fittings,
4. Sampling Lines
tubing, cooling coils and condensers, pumps, degassers, sample
4.1 Safety—Sampling lines shall be as short as practical and
containers, sample probes, and packaging materials, but ex-
of sufficient strength to prevent structural failure.
cludes equipment used in specific testing and analysis.
4.2 Construction—All sample lines shall be constructed to
2.2 This procedure applies to single-phase steam or liquid
eliminate traps in which condensate, entrained particulates, or
streams prior to separation and to separated single-phase steam
scale precipitates might settle since they may be partially
or liquid streams.
emptied with changes in flow conditions and may result in
2.3 For most geothermal and geopressured fluids tested by
sample contamination. Allow for thermal expansion.
the procedures outlined in this specification, both liquid and
gas samples may be collected.
5. Valves, Fittings, and Gages
3. Sample Probes 5.1 Valves which control access to the sampling point shall
have straight throats (frequently designated as ball, plug, and
3.1 Sample probes shall be used to extract liquid or steam
gate valves). For flexibility of sampling, a minimum of
from the main part of the geothermal flow rather than using a
wall-accessing valve and pipe arrangement.
|n# -in. diameter throat is recommended. This permits a
3.1.1 The probe permits the sampling of various positions
within the flow to determine whether stratified or annular probe to be inserted directly into the flow.
5.2 It is recommended that at least one full-port shut-off
two-phase flow is present which would bias a single-point
sample. valve be placed on the downstream end of the sample probe so
that the sampling line may be isolated when desired.
3.2 Sample probes shall be designed to extract representa-
tive samples from flowing systems. Special attention during 5.3 Throttling devices such as valves, capillary tubes, or
orifices, if used, shall be placed at the sample outlet of the
construction of the probe shall be given to the stresses that the
probe will later be subjected to during insertion into, and cooler or condenser. This practice will ensure cooling at the
highest pressure and will minimize the possibility of fluid
operation in, a pressurized flowing system.
3.3 The sampling probe (Fig. 2) passes through the sliding flashing or scale forming in the cooling coil. A head column
such as that recommended for normal water and steam sam-
seal and access valve in order that liquid or steam can be
pling (Specification D 1192, for Equipment for Sampling
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E-44 on Solar,
Geothermal, and Other Alternative Energy Sources and is the direct responsibility of
Subcommittee E44.15 on Field Development.
Current edition approved May 27, 1983. Published August 1983.
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E 947
FIG. 1 Example Assembly (Particularly Suited for Liquid Flows)
FIG. 2 Sample Probe
Water and Steam ) shall not be used because it provides a ice, to use a precooler containing water to lower the tempera-
mechanism for gas separation and escape prior to sample ture of the sample before it enters t
...