ASTM D1828-01(2007)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D1828 − 01 (Reapproved2007)
Standard Practice for
Atmospheric Exposure of Adhesive-Bonded Joints and
Structures
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D1828; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 2. Referenced Documents
1.1 This practice covers the procedure for the direct expo- 2.1 ASTM Standards:
sure of adhesive bonded joints and structures to natural D896 Practice for Resistance of Adhesive Bonds to Chemi-
atmospheric environments. cal Reagents
D897 Test Method for Tensile Properties ofAdhesive Bonds
1.2 The procedure for sheltered atmospheric exposure, such
2 D907 Terminology of Adhesives
as a Stevenson screen (1), of adhesive-bonded joints and
D1002 Test Method for Apparent Shear Strength of Single-
specimens is the same except for the requirements of facing
Lap-Joint Adhesively Bonded Metal Specimens by Ten-
south and measurement of solar radiation.
sion Loading (Metal-to-Metal)
1.3 This practice is limited to the procedure by which
2.2 ASTM Adjuncts:
samples are exposed and does not cover the tests that may be
ASTM Standard Racks and Pipe Frames Blueprints
used to evaluate the effects of atmospheric exposure on these
adhesive-bonded joints and structures. These samples could be
3. Terminology
any one of several varieties.
3.1 Definitions:
1.3.1 A complete structure for test,
3.1.1 Many terms used in this practice are defined in
1.3.2 A section of a structure for test,
Terminology D907.
1.3.3 A complete structure or section with strength obser-
vations on specimens cut therefrom,
4. Significance and Use
1.3.4 Test specimens themselves, or
4.1 The atmospheric exposure tests described in this prac-
1.3.5 Any of the above, mounted under stress.
tice will evaluate the stability of the adhesive bond only in
1.4 Suitable test methods for evaluation of the effects of
termsofaparticularnaturalatmosphere.Sincetheatmospheric
exposure include nondestructive qualitative or quantitative
conditions vary greatly from year to year, these results will not
observations on the same sample at prescribed intervals, or
be as reproducible as those derived from laboratory aging
destructive tests on separate sets of specimens in accordance
procedures. Considerable research has shown that laboratory
with such tests as Test Method D1002.
artificial weathering tests will not give consistently good
NOTE 1—See Test Methods D896 and D897.
correlation with outdoor test exposures (2, 3, 4).
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
5. Exposure Sites
standard. The values given in parentheses are for information
only. 5.1 The choice of exposure sites is dependent upon the
objective of the particular test program.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
5.2 In the cases of both metallic and nonmetallic adherends,
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
choose exposure sites to include variations in average tempera-
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
ture (and temperature range), relative humidity, and precipita-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
tion.
1 3
This practice is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D14 on Adhesives For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D14.40 on Adhesives for Plastics. contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2007. Published October 2007. Originally Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
ϵ1
approved in 1961. Last previous edition approved in 2001 as D1828 – 01 . DOI: the ASTM website.
10.1520/D1828-01R07. Blueprints of ASTM standard racks and pipe frames may be obtained from
The boldface numbers in parentheses refer to the list of references at the end of ASTM International Headquarters. OrderAdjunct No. ADJD1828. Original adjunct
this practice. produced in 1957.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D1828 − 01 (2007)
6. Apparatus 7.3 The number of samples is based on a statistical analysis
4 of the test program consistent with the number of specimens in
6.1 Racks—Expose the sample on racks which are so
each sample. The number of specimens for each removal
positioned that the exposed surfaces are at an angle of 45° to
period is in accordance with the number required by each test
thehorizontalandfacingtruesouth.Exceptionstothedirection
method and includes specimens from at least two exposed
that the specimens face will be permitted in the case of beach
samples.
exposures, where the specimens usually face parallel to the
beach. Place racks on a supporting frame high enough and so
7.4 Evaluation intervals for exposed specimens depend on
constructed that there will be no background for a distance of the purpose and test duration. Generally, at least three with-
at least 30 cm (11.8 in.) in any direction from the back of
drawal intervals are needed to give a reasonable indication of
specimens mounted on them. When the frame is positioned on a material’s weathering characteristics (10).
soil, ensure that the distance between the bottom edge of any
specimen and the plane of the cleared area great enough to
8. Procedure
prevent any undesirable effects of grass or plant growth during
8.1 Prior to exposure, condition all samples at the standard
the period of exposure. In case of roof exposure, ensure that
conditionsof23.0 61°C(73.4 61.8°F)and50 62 %relative
surroundingwallsdonotshadethespecimensorimpedetheair
humidity for not less than 40 h. Then test a control of the
flow over them. Design the racks that samples or specimens
number of specimens required by the test specifications and
will be affixed directly to the rack by means of a clamping
recordtheresults.Storeasecondcontrolatstandardconditions
device made of an inert, insulating material that will allow
of 23.0 6 1°C (73.4 6 1.8°F) and 50 6 2 % relative humidity
themtoexpandorcontractwiththermalandhumiditychanges.
to be tested at the conclusion of the exposure period.
6.2 Climatological Instruments—If detailed information is
8.2 Inscribethespecimenstobeexposedwithanidentifying
necessary, operate instruments suitable for determining aver-
number, letter, or symbol so that they are readily identified
age daily temperature, average daily relative humidity, and
afterexposure.Ensurethattheidentifierdoesnotinterferewith
totaldailyrainfallatorneareachoftheexposuresites (6, 7, 8).
either the exposure or subsequent testing.
If such instruments are available at some already existing
8.3 Measure the dimensions and note the appearance of the
installation or U. S. Weather Bureau Station in the vicinity of
test specimens in accordance with the exposure test specifica-
any site, the records from these are to be considered satisfac-
tions and record these values.
tory (Note 2). If complete characterization of climatological
conditions is necessary (for transparent adherends, f
...