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ASTM C1570-03(2016)

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Wind Resistance of Concrete and Clay Roof Tiles (Air Permeability Method)

Standard Test Method for Wind Resistance of Concrete and Clay Roof Tiles (Air Permeability Method)

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The air permeability of roofing systems constructed from discrete elements, as is the case for clay and concrete tile and slate roof systems, is a critical factor in determining the wind resistance of the roof system. The ability of the roof system to relieve wind-induced uplift pressures as a result of the overall air permeability of the roof assembly relates to the resistance of the roof system to damage induced by wind.  
5.2 Natural wind conditions differ with respect to intensity, duration, and turbulence; these conditions are beyond the means of this test method to simulate.
SCOPE
1.1 The air permeability of tile roofing systems is a critical factor in determining the wind resistance of tile roofing as applied to a roof. This Standard describes a procedure for measuring the air permeability of clay and concrete tile and slate roof systems when applied to a small section of roof deck in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions.  
1.2 This test procedure measures the air permeability of a laid array of unsealed clay or concrete roof tiles or slates. The tiles or slates shall have a thickness between 1/8-in. (3-mm) and 2-in. (51-mm).  
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
30-Nov-2016
ICS
91.060.20 - Roofs
Technical Committee
C15 - Masonry – Manufactured Masonry Units, Mortars and Grouts
Drafting Committee
C15.06 - Roofing Tile
Current Stage
Ref Project

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ASTM C1570-03(2016) - Standard Test Method for Wind Resistance of Concrete and Clay Roof Tiles (Air Permeability Method)ASTM C1570-03(2016) - Standard Test Method for Wind Resistance of Concrete and Clay Roof Tiles (Air Permeability Method)
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: C1570 − 03 (Reapproved 2016)
Standard Test Method for
Wind Resistance of Concrete and Clay Roof Tiles (Air
Permeability Method)
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C1570; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
NOTE 1—This standard is based on the International Code Council’s
1. Scope
ICC/SBCCI SSTD 11 and work derived from the tile industry’s testing
1.1 The air permeability of tile roofing systems is a critical
programs completed in the Redland Wind Tunnel in the UK.
factor in determining the wind resistance of tile roofing as
2.3 ASCE Standard:
applied to a roof. This Standard describes a procedure for
ASCE 7,Minimum Design Loads for Buildings and Other
measuring the air permeability of clay and concrete tile and
Structures
slateroofsystemswhenappliedtoasmallsectionofroofdeck
in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions.
3. Terminology
1.2 This test procedure measures the air permeability of a
3.1 Definitions—For definitions of terms used in this test
laid array of unsealed clay or concrete roof tiles or slates. The
method refer to Terminology C43, and Specifications C1167
tilesorslatesshallhaveathicknessbetween ⁄8-in.(3-mm)and
and C1492.
2-in. (51-mm).
4. Principle of the Test Method
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical 4.1 Air pressure is applied to the underside of an air
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only permeable assembly of a specified type of roofing elements.
and are not considered standard. The difference in air pressure across the assembly and the
volumeairflowratearemeasuredandusedtodeterminetheair
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
permeability of the assembly.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
5. Significance and Use
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
5.1 The air permeability of roofing systems constructed
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
from discrete elements, as is the case for clay and concrete tile
2. Referenced Documents and slate roof systems, is a critical factor in determining the
wind resistance of the roof system. The ability of the roof
2.1 ASTM Standards:
system to relieve wind-induced uplift pressures as a result of
C43Terminology of Structural Clay Products (Withdrawn
the overall air permeability of the roof assembly relates to the
2009)
resistance of the roof system to damage induced by wind.
C1167Specification for Clay Roof Tiles
C1492Specification for Concrete Roof Tile
5.2 Natural wind conditions differ with respect to intensity,
duration, and turbulence; these conditions are beyond the
2.2 SBCCI Standard:
means of this test method to simulate.
SBCCI SSDT 11,SBCCI Test Standard for Determining
Wind Resistance of Concrete or Clay Roof Tiles
6. Apparatus
6.1 Aplenum chamber is a rectangular box with a depth of
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C15 on
not less than 1.64 ft (500 mm) or one-third of the least lateral
Manufactured Masonry Units and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
dimension,whicheveristhegreater.Theplenumchambershall
C15.06 on Roofing Tile.
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2016. Published December 2016. Originally be made airtight except for an open upper face to receive a
approved in 2003. Last previous edition approved in 2009 as C1570–03(2009).
mounting board or cover panel, a tapping for a pressure
DOI: 10.1520/C1570-03R16.
difference gage (relative to atmospheric pressure) and a con-
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
nection to an air delivery pipe.The tapping shall be positioned
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website.
3 4
The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on Available fromAmerican Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE), 1801Alexander
www.astm.org. Bell Dr., Reston, VA 20191, http://www.asce.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
C1570 − 03 (2016)
to avoid direct alignment with the air delivery pipe. The shape 8.2 Providesufficientroofelementfasteningsystems,where
and area of the mounting surface shall be capable of accepting appropriate.
the number of test samples specified in 8.1 as a minimum. A
8.3 Provide sufficient roof substrate materials, such as
schematic of the air permeability apparatus is shown in Fig. 1.
battens and their fasteners.
6.2 An airtight removable cover panel shall be secured
9. Determination of the Critical Uplift Pressure
airtight to the plenum chamber.
Difference,∆p , lbf/ft (Pa)
c
6.3 An open face mounting board to receive the roofing
9.1 Weigh each of the roofing elements in the air-dry
substrate and test samples.
condition.
6.4 A controllable air flow generator shall be capable of
9.2 Calculatetheaverageweight( w),lbm(kg),ofaroofing
continuously delivering air at a rate such that the uplift
t
element.
overturning moment on the roofing elements induced by the
pressure in the plenum chamber by the air flow is equal and
9.3 Calculate the upward pressure difference, ∆p , which is
c
opposite to the dead weight restoring moment.
the critical pressure drop which will just fail to lift an array of
6.5 An airflow meter capable of measuring air volume flow unfixed samples from:
rates in the delivery pipe and having an accuracy of 0.1 ft /s
∆p 5 0.9 $w L /~bg L !% (1)
3 c t g a u
(0.003 m /s) or better.
where:
6.6 A pressure difference measuring device (such as a
L = distance, ft (m), from the center of gravity of the
g
manometer) connected to the inside and outside of the plenum
sample to its uppermost line of support or the top edge
chamber,capableofmeasuringapressuredifferenceofnotless
of the batten,
than 0.15 psi (1000 Pa).
b = exposed width, ft (m), of the roof tile or slate,
6.7 Airtight seals for pipe connections, mounting board and
g = batten gage, ft (m) which is also the exposed length of
a
cover panels, and at joints and edges of the roo
...


This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: C1570 − 03 (Reapproved 2009) C1570 − 03 (Reapproved 2016)
Standard Test Method for
Wind Resistance of Concrete and Clay Roof Tiles (Air
Permeability Method)
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C1570; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 The air permeability of tile roofing systems is a critical factor in determining the wind resistance of tile roofing as applied
to a roof. This Standard describes a procedure for measuring the air permeability of clay and concrete tile and slate roof systems
when applied to a small section of roof deck in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions.
1.2 This test procedure measures the air permeability of a laid array of unsealed clay or concrete roof tiles or slates. The tiles
or slates shall have a thickness between ⁄8-in. (3-mm) and 2-in. (51-mm).
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
C43 Terminology of Structural Clay Products (Withdrawn 2009)
C1167 Specification for Clay Roof Tiles
C1492 Specification for Concrete Roof Tile
2.2 SBCCI Standard:
SBCCI SSDT 11, SBCCI Test Standard for Determining Wind Resistance of Concrete or Clay Roof Tiles
NOTE 1—This standard is based on the International Code Council’s ICC/SBCCI SSTD 11 and work derived from the tile industry’s testing programs
completed in the Redland Wind Tunnel in the UK.
2.3 ASCE Standard:
ASCE 7, Minimum Design Loads for Buildings and Other Structures
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions—For definitions of terms used in this test method refer to Terminology C43, and Specifications C1167 and
C1492.
4. Principle of the Test Method
4.1 Air pressure is applied to the underside of an air permeable assembly of a specified type of roofing elements. The difference
in air pressure across the assembly and the volume air flow rate are measured and used to determine the air permeability of the
assembly.
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C15 on Manufactured Masonry Units and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C15.06 on Roofing
Tile.
Current edition approved June 1, 2009Dec. 1, 2016. Published July 2009December 2016. Originally approved in 2003. Last previous edition approved in 20032009 as
C1570 – 03.C1570 – 03(2009). DOI: 10.1520/C1570-03R09.10.1520/C1570-03R16.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on www.astm.org.
Available from American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE), 1801 Alexander Bell Dr., Reston, VA 20191, http://www.asce.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
C1570 − 03 (2016)
5. Significance and Use
5.1 The air permeability of roofing systems constructed from discrete elements, as is the case for clay and concrete tile and slate
roof systems, is a critical factor in determining the wind resistance of the roof system. The ability of the roof system to relieve
wind-induced uplift pressures as a result of the overall air permeability of the roof assembly relates to the resistance of the roof
system to damage induced by wind.
5.2 Natural wind conditions differ with respect to intensity, duration, and turbulence; these conditions are beyond the means of
this test method to simulate.
6. Apparatus
6.1 A plenum chamber is a rectangular box with a depth of not less than 1.64 ft (500 mm) or one-third of the least lateral
dimension, whichever is the greater. The plenum chamber shall be made airtight except for an open upper face to receive a
mounting board or cover panel, a tapping for a pressure difference gage (relative to atmospheric pressure) and a connection to an
air delivery pipe. The tapping shall be positioned to avoid direct alignment with the air delivery pipe. The shape and area of the
mounting surface shall be capable of accepting the number of test samples specified in 8.1 as a minimum. A schematic of the air
permeability apparatus is shown in Fig. 1.
6.2 An airtight removable cover panel shall be secured airtight to the plenum chamber.
6.3 An open face mounting board to receive the roofing substrate and test samples.
6.4 A controllable air flow generator shall be capable of continuously delivering air at a rate such that the uplift overturning
moment on the roofing elements induced by the pressure in the plenum chamber by the air flow is equal and opposite to the dead
weight restoring moment.
6.5 An airflow meter capable of measuring air volume flow rates in the delivery pipe and having an accuracy of 0.1 ft /s (0.003
m /s) or better.
6.6 A pressure difference measuring device (such as a manometer) connected to the inside and outside of the plenum chamber,
capable of measuring a pressure difference of not less than 0.15 psi (1000 Pa).
6.7 Airtight seals for pipe connections, mounting board and cover panels, and at joints and edges of the roofing assembly.
6.8 A weighing device capable of measuring the dead weight of the roofing elements to the nearest 0.1 lbm (0.05 kg).
7. Check on Air-tightness of the Apparatus
7.1 Close the top of the plenum chamber by attaching and sealing the edges of the mounting board or cover panel so that the
plenum chamber is air-tight except where connected to the delivery pipe.
7.2 Supply air from the airflow generator to induce a pressure difference between the inside and outside of the plenum chamber
at test pressure but not less than 10.5 lbf/ft (500 Pa). The air tightness of the plenum chamber shall be considered satisfactory if
3 3
this pressure difference is maintained with an air flow-rate not exceeding 0.15 ft /s (0.004 m /s).
8. Test Specimen
8.1 Select, at random, sufficient roofing elements and half width elements, where appropriate, to assemble an array with a
minimum of 4 unsealed elements. Roofing elements for covering the perimeter of the mounting board shall be provided and are
to be air-sealed at their appropriate laps, front and side joints.
NOTE 2—A typical array illustrated for tiles or slates
...

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ASTM
ASTM E1514-98(2023)e1(Specification)
Standard Specification for Structural Standing Seam Steel Roof Panel Systems

ABSTRACT
This specification covers the design, construction, and weatherability of structural standing seam steel roof panel systems. It includes performance requirements for the following elements only: panels, concealed panel clips, panel/clip anchorage, and panel joint sealers. Panel material shall be a hot dip metallic coated product in accordance with one of the following commonly used materials: aluminum-, aluminum-zinc alloy-, zinc-, or zinc-5% aluminum alloy metallic-coated sheet steel. The roof system shall be designed for specified design loads and thermal effects without causing seam separation, permanent panel buckling, or weather-tightness loss. Deflection and serviceability shall be accounted for in the panel system for structural integrity. Static and uplift index tests shall be performed to determine the roof's load capacity. Standing seam roof panel systems shall be installed in accordance with the system design requirements.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers the design, construction, and weatherability of structural standing seam steel roof panel systems. It includes performance requirements for the following elements only: panels, concealed panel clips, panel/clip anchorage, and panel joint sealers.
Note 1: These systems are used on both low-slope and steep-slope roof applications. They also are used with or without an underlying deck or sheathing.  
1.2 The objective of this specification is to provide for the overall performance of the structural standing seam steel roof panel system as defined in 3.2.6 during its service life in order to provide weather protection, carry the specified design loads, and allow proper access over the roof surface in order to provide for periodic maintenance of equipment by the owner.  
1.3 In addition to structural, the specifier shall evaluate other characteristics beyond the scope of this specification that affect the final choice of roof construction. These include, but are not limited to, functional, legal, insurance, and economic considerations. See Appendix X1 for specifier's checklist.  
1.4 The specification is not intended to exclude products or systems not covered by the referenced documents.  
1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.6 The text of this specification contains notes and footnotes that provide explanatory information and are not requirements of this specification.  
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D7897-18(2023)(Practice)
Standard Practice for Laboratory Soiling and Weathering of Roofing Materials to Simulate Effects of Natural Exposure on Solar Reflectance and Thermal Emittance

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The solar reflectance of a building envelope surface affects surface temperature and near-surface ambient air temperature. Surfaces with low solar reflectance absorb a high fraction of the incoming solar energy. Sunlight absorbed by a roof or by other building envelope surfaces can be conducted into the building, increasing cooling load and decreasing heating load in a conditioned building, or raising indoor temperature in an unconditioned building. It can also warm the outside air by convection. Determination of solar reflectance can help designers and consumers choose appropriate materials for their buildings and communities.  
5.1.1 The solar reflectance of a new building envelope surface often changes within one to two years through deposition and retention of soot and dust; microbiological growth; exposure to sunlight, precipitation, and dew; and other processes of soiling and weathering. For example, light-colored “cool” envelope surfaces with high initial reflectance can experience substantial reflectance loss as they are covered with dark soiling agents. Current product rating programs require roofing manufacturers to report values of solar reflectance and thermal emittance measured after three years of natural exposure (2, 3). A rapid laboratory process for soiling and weathering that simulates the three-year-aged radiative properties of roof and other building envelope surface materials expedites the development, testing, and introduction to market of such products.  
5.2 Thermal emittance describes the efficiency with which a surface exchanges thermal radiation with its environment. High thermal emittance enhances the ability of a surface to stay cool in the sun. The thermal emittance of a bare metal surface is initially low, and often increases as it is soiled or oxidized (4). The thermal emittance of a typical non-metal surface is initially high, and remains high after soiling (5).  
5.3 This practice allows measurement of the solar reflectance a...
SCOPE
1.1 Practice D7897 applies to simulation of the effects of field exposure on the solar reflectance and thermal emittance of roof surface materials including but not limited to field-applied coatings, factory-applied coatings, single-ply membranes, modified bitumen products, shingles, tiles, and metal products. The solar reflectance and thermal emittance of roof surfacing materials can be changed by exposure to the outdoor environment. These changes are caused by three factors: deposition and retention of airborne pollutants, microbiological growth, and changes in physical or chemical properties. This practice applies to simulation of changes in solar reflectance and thermal emittance induced by deposition and retention of airborne pollutants and, to a limited extent, changes caused by microbiological growth.  
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM C1153-23(Practice)
Standard Practice for Location of Wet Insulation in Roofing Systems Using Infrared Imaging

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This practice is used to outline the minimum necessary elements and conditions to obtain an accurate determination of the location of wet insulation in roofing systems using infrared imaging.  
4.2 This practice is not meant to be an instructional document or to provide all the knowledge and background necessary to provide an accurate analysis. For further information, see ANSI-ASHRAE Standard 101 and ISO/DP 6781.3E.  
4.3 This practice does not provide methods to determine the cause of moisture or its point of entry. It does not address the suitability of any particular system to function capably as waterproofing.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice applies to techniques that employ infrared imaging at night to determine the location of wet insulation in roofing systems that have insulation above the deck in contact with the waterproofing. This practice includes ground-based and aerial inspections. (Warning—Extreme caution shall be taken when accessing or walking on roof surfaces and when operating aircraft at low altitudes, especially at night.) (Warning—It is a good safety practice for at least two people to be present on the roof surface at all times when ground-based inspections are being conducted.)  
1.2 This practice addresses criteria for infrared equipment such as minimum resolvable temperature difference, spectral range, instantaneous field of view, and field of view.  
1.3 This practice addresses meteorological conditions under which infrared inspections shall be performed.  
1.4 This practice addresses the effect of roof construction, material differences, and roof conditions on infrared inspections.  
1.5 This practice addresses operating procedures, operator qualifications, and operating practices.  
1.6 This practice also addresses verification of infrared data using invasive test methods.  
1.7 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precautionary statements are given in 1.1.  
1.9 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D6754/D6754M-23(Specification)
Standard Specification for Ketone Ethylene Ester Based Sheet Roofing

SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers flexible sheet made from ketone ethylene ester (KEE) as the primary polymer intended for use in single-ply roofing membrane exposed to the weather. The sheet shall be reinforced with fabric.  
1.2 In-place roof system design criteria, such as fire resistance, field-seaming strength, material compatibility, uplift resistance, in-situ shrinkage, among others, are factors that must be considered but are beyond the scope of this specification.  
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.  
1.4 The following precautionary caveat pertains to the test methods portion only, Section 8, of this specification: This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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  • Technical specification
    3 pages
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