Standard Specification for Zinc Oxide Pigments

ABSTRACT
This specification establishes the properties and requirements for the pigment commercially known as "zinc white" or zinc oxide, which may be purchased either in the dry or paste in oil forms. Dry pigments, which may be processed either by the French process or American process, shall conform individually to required compositions of zinc oxide, total sulfur, moisture and other volatile matter, total impurities (including moisture and other volatile matter), and coarse particles (total residue retained on a No. 325 sieve). Conversely, pigments in the paste in oil form shall adhere to required composition of the pigment, linseed oil, moisture and other volatile matter, and coarse particles and skins (total residue retained on a No. 325 sieve). Pigments shall also be tested for tinting strength, and oil absorption by Gardner-Coleman and spatula rub-out methods.
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 Zinc oxide functions as both a chemical and a pigment. It is used in a variety of applications including rubber, paint, reprography, glass, chemicals, etc. In paint, it contributes to mildew protection, ultraviolet absorption, hiding power, and neutralization of acids formed upon oxidation of the paint film.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers the pigments commercially known as “zinc white” or zinc oxide. The pigments may be purchased in the dry form or as a paste in oil.  
Note 1: Zinc oxides are used in many industries. For additional information, see Classification D4295 and Test Methods D4315 for descriptions of zinc oxide use in rubber compounding.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

Status
Published
Publication Date
31-May-2020

Relations

Effective Date
01-Jun-2020
Effective Date
01-Jun-2020
Effective Date
01-Jun-2020
Effective Date
01-Dec-2015
Effective Date
01-Nov-2012
Effective Date
15-Apr-2012
Effective Date
01-Feb-2012
Effective Date
01-Feb-2011
Effective Date
01-Jul-2009
Effective Date
01-Feb-2008
Effective Date
01-Jul-2007
Effective Date
01-Jul-2007
Effective Date
01-Jul-2007
Effective Date
01-Feb-2007
Effective Date
01-Nov-2004

Overview

ASTM D79-86(2020) - Standard Specification for Zinc Oxide Pigments provides comprehensive requirements for the pigment known as "zinc white" or zinc oxide. It outlines the acceptable properties for both dry and paste-in-oil forms of zinc oxide pigment used in various industrial applications. This standard ensures that zinc oxide pigments meet strict requirements regarding composition, purity, moisture content, particle size, and physical properties, guaranteeing performance and consistency for manufacturers, suppliers, and end-users.

Key Topics

  • Zinc Oxide Forms: Addresses both dry pigments (French and American process) and paste-in-oil pigments.
    • Dry Pigments: Must meet specific requirements for zinc oxide content, impurities, sulfur, moisture, and particle size.
    • Paste-in-Oil: Specifies proportions for pigment and linseed oil, along with requirements for moisture, volatile matter, and residue.
  • Physical and Chemical Properties: Ensures the zinc oxide pigment has the correct tinting strength, oil absorption, and matches reference samples if specified.
  • Testing and Sampling:
    • Standardizes sampling procedures from lots, batches, or shipments.
    • Mandates the use of established ASTM test methods for particle size, chemical analysis, tinting strength, and oil absorption.
  • Performance Criteria: Sets benchmarks for mildew resistance, ultraviolet absorption, hiding power, and acid neutralization, important especially in paint applications.

Applications

Zinc oxide pigments covered by ASTM D79-86(2020) are vital in a wide range of industries due to their unique chemical and pigment properties:

  • Paints and Coatings: Zinc oxide provides mildew protection, absorbs UV light, improves hiding power, and neutralizes acids, essential in high-quality coatings for interior and exterior surfaces.
  • Rubber Compounding: Used as an activator and reinforcing agent, zinc oxide enhances the durability and resilience of rubber products.
  • Printing and Reprography: Provides the opacity and brightness needed in printing inks and reprographic materials.
  • Glass & Ceramics: Acts as a flux and colorant in various glass and ceramic formulations.
  • Chemical Manufacturing: Functions as a catalyst and raw material in producing a variety of compounds.

Users should select zinc oxide pigment based on intended application, ensuring compliance with ASTM specifications for optimal performance.

Related Standards

Several related standards provide methodological background and further clarification for the production and testing of zinc oxide pigments:

  • ASTM D4295: Classification for Rubber Compounding Materials-Zinc Oxide
  • ASTM D4315: Test Methods for Rubber Compounding Material-Zinc Oxide
  • ASTM D185: Test Methods for Coarse Particles in Pigments
  • ASTM D280: Test Methods for Hygroscopic Moisture in Pigments
  • ASTM D281/D1483: Oil Absorption Test Methods for Pigments
  • ASTM D332/D2745: Methods for Determining Relative Tinting Strength of White Pigments
  • ASTM D3280: Methods for Chemical Analysis of White Zinc Pigments

These standards support the quality control and precise evaluation of zinc oxide pigment performance in final products.


By adhering to ASTM D79-86(2020), manufacturers and users ensure the consistent quality, safety, and performance of zinc oxide pigments, supporting their essential role in industrial, commercial, and consumer applications.

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Frequently Asked Questions

ASTM D79-86(2020) is a technical specification published by ASTM International. Its full title is "Standard Specification for Zinc Oxide Pigments". This standard covers: ABSTRACT This specification establishes the properties and requirements for the pigment commercially known as "zinc white" or zinc oxide, which may be purchased either in the dry or paste in oil forms. Dry pigments, which may be processed either by the French process or American process, shall conform individually to required compositions of zinc oxide, total sulfur, moisture and other volatile matter, total impurities (including moisture and other volatile matter), and coarse particles (total residue retained on a No. 325 sieve). Conversely, pigments in the paste in oil form shall adhere to required composition of the pigment, linseed oil, moisture and other volatile matter, and coarse particles and skins (total residue retained on a No. 325 sieve). Pigments shall also be tested for tinting strength, and oil absorption by Gardner-Coleman and spatula rub-out methods. SIGNIFICANCE AND USE 3.1 Zinc oxide functions as both a chemical and a pigment. It is used in a variety of applications including rubber, paint, reprography, glass, chemicals, etc. In paint, it contributes to mildew protection, ultraviolet absorption, hiding power, and neutralization of acids formed upon oxidation of the paint film. SCOPE 1.1 This specification covers the pigments commercially known as “zinc white” or zinc oxide. The pigments may be purchased in the dry form or as a paste in oil. Note 1: Zinc oxides are used in many industries. For additional information, see Classification D4295 and Test Methods D4315 for descriptions of zinc oxide use in rubber compounding. 1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only. 1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT This specification establishes the properties and requirements for the pigment commercially known as "zinc white" or zinc oxide, which may be purchased either in the dry or paste in oil forms. Dry pigments, which may be processed either by the French process or American process, shall conform individually to required compositions of zinc oxide, total sulfur, moisture and other volatile matter, total impurities (including moisture and other volatile matter), and coarse particles (total residue retained on a No. 325 sieve). Conversely, pigments in the paste in oil form shall adhere to required composition of the pigment, linseed oil, moisture and other volatile matter, and coarse particles and skins (total residue retained on a No. 325 sieve). Pigments shall also be tested for tinting strength, and oil absorption by Gardner-Coleman and spatula rub-out methods. SIGNIFICANCE AND USE 3.1 Zinc oxide functions as both a chemical and a pigment. It is used in a variety of applications including rubber, paint, reprography, glass, chemicals, etc. In paint, it contributes to mildew protection, ultraviolet absorption, hiding power, and neutralization of acids formed upon oxidation of the paint film. SCOPE 1.1 This specification covers the pigments commercially known as “zinc white” or zinc oxide. The pigments may be purchased in the dry form or as a paste in oil. Note 1: Zinc oxides are used in many industries. For additional information, see Classification D4295 and Test Methods D4315 for descriptions of zinc oxide use in rubber compounding. 1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only. 1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ASTM D79-86(2020) is classified under the following ICS (International Classification for Standards) categories: 87.060.10 - Pigments and extenders. The ICS classification helps identify the subject area and facilitates finding related standards.

ASTM D79-86(2020) has the following relationships with other standards: It is inter standard links to ASTM D79-86(2014), ASTM D332-87(2020), ASTM D3280-85(2020), ASTM D332-87(2015), ASTM D280-01(2012), ASTM D281-12, ASTM D1483-12, ASTM D332-87(2011), ASTM D3280-85(2009), ASTM D2745-00(2008), ASTM D185-07, ASTM D1483-95(2007), ASTM D281-95(2007), ASTM D280-01(2007), ASTM D3280-85(2004). Understanding these relationships helps ensure you are using the most current and applicable version of the standard.

ASTM D79-86(2020) is available in PDF format for immediate download after purchase. The document can be added to your cart and obtained through the secure checkout process. Digital delivery ensures instant access to the complete standard document.

Standards Content (Sample)


This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation:D79 −86 (Reapproved 2020) American Association State
Highway and Transportation Officials Standard
AASHTO No.: M124
Standard Specification for
Zinc Oxide Pigments
ThisstandardisissuedunderthefixeddesignationD79;thenumberimmediatelyfollowingthedesignationindicatestheyearoforiginal
adoptionor,inthecaseofrevision,theyearoflastrevision.Anumberinparenthesesindicatestheyearoflastreapproval.Asuperscript
epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope D4295Classification for Rubber Compounding Materials—
Zinc Oxide
1.1 This specification covers the pigments commercially
D4315Test Methods for Rubber Compounding Material—
known as “zinc white” or zinc oxide. The pigments may be
Zinc Oxide
purchased in the dry form or as a paste in oil.
E20Practice for Particle Size Analysis of Particulate Sub-
NOTE 1—Zinc oxides are used in many industries. For additional
stances in the Range of 0.2 to 75 Micrometres by Optical
information, see Classification D4295 and Test Methods D4315 for
Microscopy (Withdrawn 1994)
descriptions of zinc oxide use in rubber compounding.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
3. Significance and Use
standard. The values given in parentheses are for information
only. 3.1 Zinc oxide functions as both a chemical and a pigment.
It is used in a variety of applications including rubber, paint,
1.3 This international standard was developed in accor-
reprography, glass, chemicals, etc. In paint, it contributes to
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
mildew protection, ultraviolet absorption, hiding power, and
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
neutralizationofacidsformeduponoxidationofthepaintfilm.
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
4. Composition and Properties
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
4.1 Dry Pigment, French Process—In the manufacture of
2. Referenced Documents
French process zinc oxide, metallic zinc is vaporized, either in
2.1 ASTM Standards:
a boiler or a refining column, and the resulting vapor is burned
D185Test Methods for Coarse Particles in Pigments
in a controlled manner in an orifice. The fine particles of zinc
D280Test Methods for Hygroscopic Moisture (and Other
oxide are cooled enough to agglomerate and are collected by a
Matter Volatile Under the Test Conditions) in Pigments
system of fabric bags. French process oxide shall conform to
D281Test Method for Oil Absorption of Pigments by
the properties listed in Table 1.
Spatula Rub-out
4.2 Dry Pigment,American Process—In the manufacture of
D332Test Method for Relative Tinting Strength of White
American process zinc oxide, zinc ore is reduced in the
Pigments by Visual Observation
presence of a carbonaceous fuel.The resulting vapor is burned
D1483Test Method for Oil Absorption of Pigments by
in a combustion chamber, and the fine particles of zinc oxide
Gardner-Coleman Method
are cooled enough to agglomerate and are collected by a
D2745Test Method for Relative Tinting Strength of White
systemoffabricbags.Americanprocessoxideshallconformto
Pigments by Reflectance Measurements
the properties listed in Table 1.
D3280Test Methods for Analysis of White Zinc Pigments
4.3 Paste in Oil—The paste shall be made by thoroughly
grinding the specified pigment with linseed oil. As received it
This specification is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D01 on Paint
and Related Coatings, Materials, andApplications and is the direct responsibility of
shallnotbecakedinthecontainerandshallbreakupreadilyin
Subcommittee D01.31 on Pigment Specifications.
oil to form a smooth paint of brushing consistency. The paste
Current edition approved June 1, 2020. Published June 2020. Originally
shall conform to the following requirements:
approvedin1921.Lastpreviouseditionapprovedin2014asD79–86(2014).DOI:
10.1520/D0079-86R20.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. Fo
...

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