ASTM A541/A541M-05(2020)

This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation:A541/A541M −05 (Reapproved 2020)
Standard Specification for
Quenched and Tempered Carbon and Alloy Steel Forgings
for Pressure Vessel Components
This standard is issued under the fixed designationA541/A541M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year
of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.
A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 1.4 Unless the order specifies the applicable “M” specifica-
2 tion designation, the material shall be furnished to the inch-
1.1 This specification covers requirements for quenched
pound units.
and tempered carbon and alloy steel forgings for pressure
1.5 This international standard was developed in accor-
vessel components.
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
1.2 All grades are considered weldable under proper condi-
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
tions. Welding technique is of fundamental importance, and it
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
ispresupposedthatweldingprocedureandinspectionwillbein
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
accordance with approved methods for the grade of material
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
used.
NOTE 1—Grades 1 and 1A have different chemistries but the same
2. Referenced Documents
mechanical requirements.
2.1 ASTM Standards:
NOTE 2—Designations have been changed as follows:
A275/A275M Practice for Magnetic Particle Examination of
Current Formerly
Steel Forgings
Grade 1 Class 1
A370 Test Methods and Definitions for Mechanical Testing
Grade 1A Class 1A
of Steel Products
Grade 1C Class 4
Grade 2 Class 1 Class 2 A388/A388M Practice for Ultrasonic Examination of Steel
Grade 2 Class 2 Class 2A
Forgings
Grade 3 Class 1 Class 3
A788/A788M Specification for Steel Forgings, General Re-
Grade 3 Class 2 Class 3A
quirements
Grade 4N Class 1 Class 7
Grade 4N Class 2 Class 7A
E208 Test Method for Conducting Drop-Weight Test to
Grade 4N Class 3 Class 7B
Determine Nil-Ductility Transition Temperature of Fer-
Grade 5 Class 1 Class 8
Grade 5 Class 2 Class 8A ritic Steels
Grade 11 Class 4 Class 11C
2.2 ASME Code:
Grade 22 Class 3 Class 22B
Grade 22 Class 4 Class 22C ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code
Grade 22 Class 5 Class 22D
Grade 22V Class 22V
3. Ordering Information and General Requirements
Grade 3V Class 3V
3.1 In addition to the ordering information required by
1.3 The values stated in either inch-pound units or SI
Specification A788/A788M, the purchaser shall include with
(metric) units are to be regarded separately as standard. Within
the inquiry and order a detailed drawing that locates areas of
the text and tables, the SI units are shown in brackets. The
significant loading in the forging (when required); the method
values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equiva-
of selecting test locations (see 6.2); purchase option (if any) in
lents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each
accordance with 9.1, and any supplementary requirements
system shall be used independently of the other, and values
desired.
from the two systems shall not be combined.
This specification is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee A01 on Steel,
Stainless Steel and RelatedAlloys, and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
A01.06 on Steel Forgings and Billets. contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Current edition approved March 1, 2020. Published March 2020. Originally Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
approved in 1965. Last previous edition approved in 2015 as A541/A541M – 05 the ASTM website.
(2015). DOI: 10.1520/A0541_A0541M–05R20. Available from American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME), ASME
For ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code applications, see related Specifi- International Headquarters, Two Park Ave., New York, NY 10016-5990, http://
cation SA-541/SA-541M in Section II of that Code. www.asme.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
A541/A541M−05 (2020)
3.2 Material supplied to this specification shall conform to
Grade °F [°C]
the requirements of Specification A788/A788M, which out-
1, 1A, 2 Class 2, 3 Class 2 1150 [620]
lines additional ordering information, manufacturing
2, 3 Class 1, 22 Class 3 1200 [650]
requirements, testing and retesting methods and procedures,
1C, 11 Class 4, 22 Class 4, 4N Class 1, 4N 1100 [595]
Class 2, 5 Class 1, 5 Class 2
marking, certification, product analysis variations, and addi-
22 Class 15 1050 [565]
tional supplementary requirements.
4N Class 3 1125 [605]
3V, 3VCb 1250 [675]
3.3 If the requirements of this specification are in conflict
22V 1250 [675]
with the requirements of Specification A788/A788M, the
5.2 For Classes 1, 1A, 2, 2A, 3, or 3A, a multiple stage
requirements of this specification shall prevail.
austenitizing procedure may be used whereby the forging is
first fully austenitized and liquid quenched, followed by
4. Chemical Composition
reheating within the intercritical temperature range to partially
4.1 Heat Analysis—The heat analysis obtained from sam-
reaustenitize, and again liquid quenched. On completion of the
pling in accordance with Specification A788/A788M shall
austenitizing/quenching cycles, the forgings shall be tempered
comply with Table 1 except that the additional features of
at a subcritical temperature as described in 5.1.
Supplementary Requirements S8, S9, S10, S12, and S15 shall
alsoapplyasindividuallyspecifiedintheorderinginformation. 6. Mechanical Properties
4.2 ProductAnalysis—The manufacturer shall use the prod- 6.1 General Requirements—The forgings shall conform to
uct analysis provision of Specification A788/A788M to obtain the requirements of Table 2.The forgings shall also conform to
a product analysis from a forging representing each heat or the requirements of Table 3 unless either Supplementary
multiple heat. The permissible variations of Table 1 of Speci- Requirement S6 or S13 is specified, in which case the
fication A788/A788M do not apply to carbon, phosphorus, requirements of those sections shall apply. The largest obtain-
silicon,andsulphurforallclasses,vanadiumforGrade1C,and able tension test specimen as specified in Fig. 4 of Test
columbium and calcium for Grades 22V and 3VCb. Boron is Methods and Definitions A370 shall be used. Impact speci-
not subject to product analysis. The purchaser may also make mens shall be Charpy V-notch, as shown in Fig. 10 of Test
this determination in accordance with Specification A788/ Methods and Definitions A370. The usage of subsize impact
A788M.
specimens due to material limitations must have prior pur-
chaser approval.
5. Heat Treatment for Mechanical Properties
6.2 Sampling—The longitudinal axis and mid-length of
5.1 After complete austenitization, the forgings shall be tension and impact test specimens shall be positioned in
quenched in a suitable liquid medium by spraying or immer- accordance with one of the following methods as specified by
sion. For Grade 22V forgings, the minimum austenitizing the purchaser:
temperature shall be 1650 °F [900 °C]. Quenching shall be 6.2.1 Method 1—This method shall always be used when
followed by tempering at a subcritical temperature and holding the maximum quenched thickness does not exceed 2 in. [50
at this temperature for a minimum time of ⁄2 h/in. [25 mm] of mm]. Specimens shall be located in the production forging or
maximumsectionthickness.Minimumtemperingtemperatures test forging (as described in Method 4) at mid-thickness and at
shall be: least 2 in. from other quenched surfaces.
TABLE 1 Chemical Requirements Composition, %
Grade 1 Grade 1A Grade 2 Grade 3 Grade 1C Grade 11 Grade 22 Grade 4N Grade 5 Grade 3V Grade 22 Grade 22V Grade
Class 4 Classes 4 Class 3 3VCb
and 5
Carbon 0.35 max 0.30 max 0.27 max 0.25 max 0.18 max 0.10–0.20 0.05–0.15 0.23 max 0.23 max 0.10–0.15 0.11–0.15 0.11–0.15 0.10-0.15
Manganese 0.40–0.90 0.70–1.35 0.50–0.90 1.20–1.50 1.30 max 0.30–0.80 0.30–0.60 0.20–0.40 0.20–0.40 0.30–0.60 0.30–0.60 0.30–0.60 0.30-0.60
Phosphorus 0.025 max 0.025 max 0.025 max 0.025 max 0.025 max 0.025 max 0.025 max 0.025 max 0.025 max 0.020 max 0.015 max 0.015 max 0.020 max
Sulfur 0.025 max 0.025 max 0.025 max 0.025 max 0.025 max 0.025 max 0.025 max 0.025 max 0.025 max 0.020 max 0.015 max 0.010 max 0.010 max
A
Silicon 0.35 max 0.40 max 0.35 max 0.35 max 0.35 max 0.50–1.00 0.50 max 0.30 max 0.30 max 0.10 max 0.50 max 0.10 max 0.10 max
Nickel 0.40 max 0.40 max 0.50–1.00 0.40–1.00 0.25 max 0.50 max 0.50 max 2.8–3.9 2.8–3.9 . . . 0.25 max 0.25 max 0.25 max
Chromium 0.25 max 0.25 max 0.25–0.45 0.25 max 0.15 max 1.00–1.50 2.00–2.50 1.25–2.00 1.25–2.00 2.8–3.3 2.00–2.50 2.00–2.50 2.7-3.3
Molybdenum 0.10 max 0.10 max 0.55–0.70 0.45–0.60 0.05 max 0.45–0.65 0.90–1.10 0.40–0.60 0.40–0.60 0.90–1.10 0.90–1.10 0.90–1.10 0.90-1.10
Vanadium 0.05 max 0.05 max 0.05 max 0.05 max 0.02–0.12 0.05 max 0.05 max 0.03 max 0.08 max 0.20–0.30 0.02 max 0.25–0.35 0.20-0.30
Titanium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.015–0.035 . . . 0.030 max 0.015 max
Boron . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.001–0.003 . . . 0.0020 max . . .
Copper . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.20 max 0.25 max
Columbium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.07 max 0.015-0.070
B
Calcium . . . . . . . . . . . 0.015 max 0.0005-
0.0150
A
When vacuum carbon-deoxidation is required for the classes included in Supplementary Requirement S10, the silicon content shall be 0.10 % max.
B
For Grade 22V, rare earth metals (REM) may be added in place of calcium, subject to agreement between the producer and the purchaser. In that case the total amount
of REM shall be determined and reported.
A541/A541M−05 (2020)
TABLE 2 Tensile Requirements
Grades 2 Grade 2 Grade 4N Grades 4N
Class 1, Class 2 and Class 1 and Class 2 and
Grade 1 Grade 22 Grade 22 Grade 4N Grades 3V Grade 22 Grade
3 Class 1, Grade 3 Grade 5 5 Class 2
and 1A Class 4 Class 5 Class 3 and 22V Class 3 3VCb
1C and Class 2 Class 1
11 Class 4
Tensile strength, ksi 70–95 80–105 90–115 105–130 115–140 105–130 115–140 90–115 85–110 85–110 85–110
[MPa] [485–655] [550–725] [620–795] [725–895] [795–965] [725–895] [795–965] [620–795] [585–760] [585–760] [585-760]
Yield strength (0.2 % 36 [250] 50 [345] 65 [450] 85 [585] 100 [690] 85 [585] 100 [690] 70 [485] 60 [415] 55 [380] 60 [415]
offset), min, ksi
[MPa]
Elongation in 2 in. or 20 18 16 16 15 18 16 20 18 18 18
50 mm, min, %
Reduction of area, 38 38 35 45 40 48 45 48 45 45 45
min, %
A, B
TABLE 3 Charpy V-Notch Impact Requirements at 40 °F (4 °C) (Except for 2A)
Grades 1, Grade 2 Grade 2 Grade 22 Grades 22 Grades 3V and 3VCb,
1A, and Class 2 Class 1, Class 5 CL 4 4N Grade 22,
11 Class 4 and 3 3 Class 1 Classes 1, 2, 3 Class 3
Class 2 and 1C 5 Classes 1, 2 and Grade 22V
D E
Minimum average value of set of three specimens, 15 [20] 35 [47] 30 [41] 25 [34] 35 [47] 40 [54]
C
ft·lbf (J)
D E
Minimum value of one specimen, ft·lbf (J) 10 [14] 30 [41] 25 [34] 20 [27] 30 [41] 35 [47]
A
These Charpy values are for tests made on standard 10 mm square specimens. If sub-size impact specimens are used, the required minimum ft·lbf values shall be
5 2
determined by multiplying the ft·lbf values in Table 3 by ⁄6 for 7.5 mm by 10 mm specimens, and by ⁄3 for 5 mm by 10 mm specimens.
B
These values apply for tests at lower temperatures if Supplementary Requirement S6 is specified in the order.
C
Not more than one specimen from a set may be below this value.
D
Tested at 70 °F [21 °C].
E
Tested at 0 °F [−18 °C].
6.2.2 Method 2—t by 2t, where t is the dis
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