Standard Guide for Nanotechnology Workforce Education in Materials Synthesis and Processing

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The purpose of this guide is to provide, at the undergraduate college level, a basic educational structure in the synthesis and processing of nanoscale materials to organizations developing or carrying out education programs for the nanotechnology workforce. This guide helps to describe the minimum knowledge base for anyone involved in nanomanufacturing or nanomaterials research.  
5.2 The basic education should prepare an individual for varied roles in the nanotechnology workplace. The material in this guide may require a post-secondary two-year science or technology background to be understood sufficiently.  
5.3 Workers may transition in their roles in the workplace. Participants in such education will have a broad understanding of a complement of topics related to the infrastructure required for advanced research and manufacturing, thus increasing their marketability for jobs within as well as beyond the nanotechnology field.  
5.4 Because nanotechnology is a rapidly developing field, the individual educated in nanotechnology needs to be cognizant of changing and evolving safety procedures and practices. Individuals should be aware of how to maintain an up-to-date understanding of the technology and have sufficient base education to enable the synthesis of emerging or evolving safety procedures and practices.  
5.5 This guide is intended to be one in a series of standards developed for workforce education in various aspects of nanotechnology. It will assist in providing an organization a basic structure for developing a program applicable to many areas in nanotechnology, thus providing dynamic and evolving workforce education.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide provides a framework for a basic workforce education in materials synthesis and processing at the nanoscale, to be taught at an undergraduate college level. This education should be broad to prepare an individual to serve within one of the many areas in nanotechnology research, development, or manufacturing.  
1.2 This guide may be used to develop or evaluate an education program for synthesis and processing applications in the nanotechnology field. This guide provides listings of key topics that should be covered in a nanotechnology education program on this subject, but it does not provide specific course material to be used in such a program. This approach is taken in order to allow workforce education entities to ensure their programs cover the required material while also enabling these institutions to tailor their programs to meet the needs of their local employers.  
1.3 While no units of measurements are used in this practice, values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the techniques, materials, and concepts needed for materials synthesis and processing at the nanoscale. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to utilize other knowledge and skill objectives as applicable to local conditions or required by local regulations.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

Status
Published
Publication Date
31-Jan-2022
Technical Committee
E56 - Nanotechnology

Relations

Effective Date
01-Oct-2006

Overview

ASTM E3071-22: Standard Guide for Nanotechnology Workforce Education in Materials Synthesis and Processing is a crucial international standard provided by ASTM International. This guide is specifically designed for developing and evaluating undergraduate-level educational programs focused on the synthesis and processing of nanoscale materials. Its primary focus is to define a basic structure and knowledge base for anyone entering the nanotechnology workforce, particularly within nanomanufacturing and nanomaterials research.

With nanotechnology rapidly advancing, ASTM E3071-22 helps educational institutions, workforce development organizations, and employers ensure that educational offerings remain relevant, comprehensive, and adaptable to emerging industry requirements.

Key Topics

ASTM E3071-22 outlines core themes essential for workforce education in nanotechnology materials synthesis and processing. Programs following this guide will help participants gain:

  • Foundational Background:

    • Introductory algebra, chemistry, physics, and statistics at the college level
    • Understanding of environmental, health, and safety (EHS) issues specific to nanoscale materials
  • Synthesis and Processing Concepts:

    • Crystal structure, defects, bonding, stress, diffusion, annealing, adhesion, delamination, aggregation, and suspension
    • Physical and chemical property knowledge of nanoscale materials
  • Additive Processing Techniques:

    • Growth and deposition methods (e.g., nucleation, thickness control, uniformity)
    • Deposition techniques such as:
      • Physical Vapor Deposition (PVD)
      • Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD)
      • Atomic Layer Deposition (ALD)
      • Epitaxial growth
      • Solution-based deposition
    • Surface modification and functionalization
  • Fabrication of Discrete Nanoparticles:

    • Flame pyrolysis, laser ablation, wet chemistry, mechanical attrition
  • Subtractive Processing Techniques:

    • Wet etching, chemical mechanical planarization, dry etching, vapor etching
    • Profile and selectivity control, aspect ratio management, and minimizing etch damage
  • Safety Awareness:

    • Up-to-date EHS procedures considering the evolving nature of nanotechnology

Applications

Adopting ASTM E3071-22 delivers practical value across a spectrum of educational and industrial settings:

  • Education Providers:

    • Colleges and universities can structure or evaluate nanotechnology coursework to align with industry expectations
    • Workforce programs can tailor content to local employer needs while maintaining essential coverage
  • Employers & Nanomanufacturers:

    • Helps recruit and train personnel with the minimum knowledge base required for safe and efficient nano-materials processing
    • Encourages adaptable skill sets, supporting workers transitioning to new roles within advanced materials industries
  • Researchers:

    • Supports the development of a skilled workforce ready to engage in cutting-edge research and development involving nanomaterial synthesis and processing
  • Safety and Compliance Officers:

    • Promotes awareness of unique health, safety, and environmental challenges associated with nanomaterials

Related Standards

To ensure comprehensive nanotechnology workforce education, refer to these complementary standards:

  • ASTM E2456 – Terminology Relating to Nanotechnology
  • ASTM E2996 – Guide for Workforce Education in Nanotechnology Health and Safety
  • ASTM E3089 – Guide for Nanotechnology Workforce Education in Material Properties and Effects of Size
  • ISO/TS 80004-2 – Nanotechnologies – Vocabulary – Nano-Objects
  • ISO/TS 80004-8 – Nanotechnologies – Vocabulary – Nanomanufacturing Processes

Other associated ASTM guides:

  • ASTM E2535: Handling Unbound Engineered Nanoscale Particles in Occupational Settings
  • ASTM E3001: Nanotechnology Characterization Workforce Education
  • ASTM E3034: Pattern Generation Workforce Education
  • ASTM E3059: Nanotechnology Infrastructure Workforce Education

Keywords: nanotechnology workforce education, nanomaterial synthesis, nanomaterial processing, additive processing, subtractive processing, nanomanufacturing, ASTM E3071-22, nanoscale safety, materials science education

Adhering to ASTM E3071-22 ensures that nanotechnology workforce training programs are robust, up-to-date, and positioned to support advancements in nanomanufacturing and research.

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Frequently Asked Questions

ASTM E3071-22 is a guide published by ASTM International. Its full title is "Standard Guide for Nanotechnology Workforce Education in Materials Synthesis and Processing". This standard covers: SIGNIFICANCE AND USE 5.1 The purpose of this guide is to provide, at the undergraduate college level, a basic educational structure in the synthesis and processing of nanoscale materials to organizations developing or carrying out education programs for the nanotechnology workforce. This guide helps to describe the minimum knowledge base for anyone involved in nanomanufacturing or nanomaterials research. 5.2 The basic education should prepare an individual for varied roles in the nanotechnology workplace. The material in this guide may require a post-secondary two-year science or technology background to be understood sufficiently. 5.3 Workers may transition in their roles in the workplace. Participants in such education will have a broad understanding of a complement of topics related to the infrastructure required for advanced research and manufacturing, thus increasing their marketability for jobs within as well as beyond the nanotechnology field. 5.4 Because nanotechnology is a rapidly developing field, the individual educated in nanotechnology needs to be cognizant of changing and evolving safety procedures and practices. Individuals should be aware of how to maintain an up-to-date understanding of the technology and have sufficient base education to enable the synthesis of emerging or evolving safety procedures and practices. 5.5 This guide is intended to be one in a series of standards developed for workforce education in various aspects of nanotechnology. It will assist in providing an organization a basic structure for developing a program applicable to many areas in nanotechnology, thus providing dynamic and evolving workforce education. SCOPE 1.1 This guide provides a framework for a basic workforce education in materials synthesis and processing at the nanoscale, to be taught at an undergraduate college level. This education should be broad to prepare an individual to serve within one of the many areas in nanotechnology research, development, or manufacturing. 1.2 This guide may be used to develop or evaluate an education program for synthesis and processing applications in the nanotechnology field. This guide provides listings of key topics that should be covered in a nanotechnology education program on this subject, but it does not provide specific course material to be used in such a program. This approach is taken in order to allow workforce education entities to ensure their programs cover the required material while also enabling these institutions to tailor their programs to meet the needs of their local employers. 1.3 While no units of measurements are used in this practice, values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. 1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the techniques, materials, and concepts needed for materials synthesis and processing at the nanoscale. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to utilize other knowledge and skill objectives as applicable to local conditions or required by local regulations. 1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE 5.1 The purpose of this guide is to provide, at the undergraduate college level, a basic educational structure in the synthesis and processing of nanoscale materials to organizations developing or carrying out education programs for the nanotechnology workforce. This guide helps to describe the minimum knowledge base for anyone involved in nanomanufacturing or nanomaterials research. 5.2 The basic education should prepare an individual for varied roles in the nanotechnology workplace. The material in this guide may require a post-secondary two-year science or technology background to be understood sufficiently. 5.3 Workers may transition in their roles in the workplace. Participants in such education will have a broad understanding of a complement of topics related to the infrastructure required for advanced research and manufacturing, thus increasing their marketability for jobs within as well as beyond the nanotechnology field. 5.4 Because nanotechnology is a rapidly developing field, the individual educated in nanotechnology needs to be cognizant of changing and evolving safety procedures and practices. Individuals should be aware of how to maintain an up-to-date understanding of the technology and have sufficient base education to enable the synthesis of emerging or evolving safety procedures and practices. 5.5 This guide is intended to be one in a series of standards developed for workforce education in various aspects of nanotechnology. It will assist in providing an organization a basic structure for developing a program applicable to many areas in nanotechnology, thus providing dynamic and evolving workforce education. SCOPE 1.1 This guide provides a framework for a basic workforce education in materials synthesis and processing at the nanoscale, to be taught at an undergraduate college level. This education should be broad to prepare an individual to serve within one of the many areas in nanotechnology research, development, or manufacturing. 1.2 This guide may be used to develop or evaluate an education program for synthesis and processing applications in the nanotechnology field. This guide provides listings of key topics that should be covered in a nanotechnology education program on this subject, but it does not provide specific course material to be used in such a program. This approach is taken in order to allow workforce education entities to ensure their programs cover the required material while also enabling these institutions to tailor their programs to meet the needs of their local employers. 1.3 While no units of measurements are used in this practice, values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. 1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the techniques, materials, and concepts needed for materials synthesis and processing at the nanoscale. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to utilize other knowledge and skill objectives as applicable to local conditions or required by local regulations. 1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ASTM E3071-22 is classified under the following ICS (International Classification for Standards) categories: 07.120 - Nanotechnologies. The ICS classification helps identify the subject area and facilitates finding related standards.

ASTM E3071-22 has the following relationships with other standards: It is inter standard links to ASTM E2456-06. Understanding these relationships helps ensure you are using the most current and applicable version of the standard.

ASTM E3071-22 is available in PDF format for immediate download after purchase. The document can be added to your cart and obtained through the secure checkout process. Digital delivery ensures instant access to the complete standard document.

Standards Content (Sample)


This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: E3071 − 22
Standard Guide for
Nanotechnology Workforce Education in Materials
Synthesis and Processing
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E3071; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
1.1 This guide provides a framework for a basic workforce
education in materials synthesis and processing at the
2. Referenced Documents
nanoscale, to be taught at an undergraduate college level. This
2.1 ASTM Standards:
education should be broad to prepare an individual to serve
E2456 Terminology Relating to Nanotechnology
within one of the many areas in nanotechnology research,
E2996 Guide for Workforce Education in Nanotechnology
development, or manufacturing.
Health and Safety
1.2 This guide may be used to develop or evaluate an
E3089 Guide for Nanotechnology Workforce Education in
education program for synthesis and processing applications in
Material Properties and Effects of Size
the nanotechnology field. This guide provides listings of key
2.2 ISO Standards:
topics that should be covered in a nanotechnology education
ISO/TS 80004-2 Nanotechnologies – Vocabulary – Part 2:
program on this subject, but it does not provide specific course
Nano-Objects
material to be used in such a program. This approach is taken
ISO/TS 80004-8 Nanotechnologies – Vocabulary – Part 8:
in order to allow workforce education entities to ensure their
Nanomanufacturing Processes
programs cover the required material while also enabling these
institutions to tailor their programs to meet the needs of their
3. Terminology
local employers.
3.1 Definitions:
1.3 While no units of measurements are used in this
3.1.1 For definitions of terms related to nanotechnology in
practice, values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
general, refer to Terminology E2456 and ISO/TS 80004-2.
standard.
3.1.2 For definitions of terms related to nanotechnology
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
synthesis and processing in general, refer to ISO/TS 80004-8.
techniques, materials, and concepts needed for materials
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
synthesis and processing at the nanoscale. It is the responsi-
3.2.1 additive processing, n—adding a layer of new
bility of the user of this standard to utilize other knowledge and
material,inordertoleaveapatternofdepositedmaterialonthe
skill objectives as applicable to local conditions or required by
substrate. ISO/TS 80004-8
local regulations.
3.2.2 materials processing, n—the technique(s) used to
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
transform industrial materials from an initial or intermediate
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
state into modified or finished parts or products.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter- 3.2.3 materials synthesis, n—process(s) or reaction(s) for
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. building up a complex material or structure by the union of
simpler compounds or elements.
1.6 This international standard was developed in accor-
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
3.2.4 nanoparticle, n—a nano-object with all external di-
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
mensions in the nanoscale where the lengths of the longest and
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E56 on Nanotech- contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
nology and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E56.07 on Education and Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
Workforce Development. the ASTM website.
Current edition approved Feb. 1, 2022. Published April 2022. Originally Available from International Organization for Standardization (ISO), ISO
approved in 2016. Last previous edition approved in 2016 as E3071 – 16. DOI: Central Secretariat, BIBC II, Chemin de Blandonnet 8, CP 401, 1214 Vernier,
10.1520/E3071-22. Geneva, Switzerland, http://www.iso.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
E3071 − 22
the shortest axes of the nano-object do not differ significantly. understanding of the unique EHS factors when handling
ISO/TS 80004-2 nanoscale materials (see Note 1).
3.2.5 subtractive processing, n—removal of material except
NOTE 1—See Guide E2996 and the National Nanotechnology Initia-
where the surface is protected by the patterned resist. tive’s webpage on recent EHS research for more information.
ISO/TS 80004-8
6.3 Students should also have a basic knowledge of the
physical and chemical properties of nanoscale materials (see
4. Summary of Guide
Note 2).
4.1 This guide designates a list of nanoscale synthesis and
NOTE 2—See Guide E3089 for details.
processing subject areas relevant to nanotechnology workforce
education. Selection of the areas is based on inputs from 7. Concepts and Skills to be Covered
industry, nanotechnology educators and subject matter experts.
7.1 The methods relevant for workforce education in nano-
4.2 Within each subject area, important topics to be covered technology regarding synthesis and processing are given in
are listed specifically. Section 8, with important topics to be covered for each method
listed specifically. Teaching of these topics should include
4.3 This approach provides both a broad education as well
comparing and contrasting different techniques. Additional
as in-depth emphasis for key subjects within the time con-
methods or topics, or both, may be added on an as-needed
straints of an instructional course or program.
basis.
5. Significance and Use 7.2 Nanoscale synthesis and processing methods covered
should include ones based on commonly used additive and
5.1 The purpose of this guide is to provide, at the under-
subtractive material processing. Method selection is based on
graduate college level, a basic educational structure in the
inputs from industry, nanotechnology educators and subject
synthesis and processing of nanoscale materials to organiza-
matter experts.
tions developing or carrying out education programs for the
nanotechnology workforce. This guide helps to describe the
8. Synthesis and Processing Concepts and Techniques
minimum knowled
...


This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: E3071 − 16 E3071 − 22
Standard Guide for
Nanotechnology Workforce Education in Materials
Synthesis and Processing
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E3071; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This guide provides a framework for a basic workforce education in materials synthesis and processing at the nanoscale, to
be taught at an undergraduate college level. This education should be broad to prepare an individual to serve within one of the many
areas in nanotechnology research, development, or manufacturing.
1.2 This guide may be used to develop or evaluate an education program for synthesis and processing applications in the
nanotechnology field. This guide provides listings of key topics that should be covered in a nanotechnology education program
on this subject, but it does not provide specific course material to be used in such a program. This approach is taken in order to
allow workforce education entities to ensure their programs cover the required material while also enabling these institutions to
tailor their programs to meet the needs of their local employers.
1.3 While no units of measurements are used in this practice, values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the techniques, materials, and concepts needed for materials synthesis and
processing at the nanoscale. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to utilize other knowledge and skill objectives as
applicable to local conditions or required by local regulations.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of
regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
E2456 Terminology Relating to Nanotechnology
E2996 Guide for Workforce Education in Nanotechnology Health and Safety
This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E56 on Nanotechnology and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E56.07 on Education and Workforce
Development.
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2016Feb. 1, 2022. Published December 2016April 2022. Originally approved in 2016. Last previous edition approved in 2016 as
E3071 – 16. DOI: 10.1520/E3071-16.10.1520/E3071-22.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
E3071 − 22
E3089 Guide for Nanotechnology Workforce Education in Material Properties and Effects of Size
2.2 ISO Standards:
ISO/TS 80004-2 Nanotechnologies – Vocabulary – Part 2: Nano-Objects
ISO/TS 80004-8 Nanotechnologies – Vocabulary – Part 8: Nanomanufacturing Processes
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 For definitions of terms related to nanotechnology in general, refer to Terminology E2456 and ISO/TS 80004-2.
3.1.2 For definitions of terms related to nanotechnology synthesis and processing in general, refer to ISO/TS 80004-8.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.2.1 additive processing, n—adding a layer of new material, in order to leave a pattern of deposited material on the substrate.
ISO/TS 80004-8
3.2.2 materials processing, n—the technique(s) used to transform industrial materials from an initial or intermediate state into
modified or finished parts or products.
3.2.3 materials synthesis, n—process(s) or reaction(s) for building up a complex material or structure by the union of simpler
compounds or elements.
3.2.4 nanoparticle, n—a nano-object with all external dimensions in the nanoscale where the lengths of the longest and the shortest
axes of the nano-object do not differ significantly. ISO/TS 80004-2
3.2.5 subtractive processing, n—removal of material except where the surface is protected by the patterned resist.
ISO/TS 80004-8
4. Summary of Guide
4.1 This guide designates a list of nanoscale synthesis and processing subject areas relevant to nanotechnology workforce
education. Selection of the areas is based on inputs from industry, nanotechnology educators and subject matter experts.
4.2 Within each subject area, important topics to be covered are listed specifically.
4.3 This approach provides both a broad education as well as in-depth emphasis for key subjects within the time constraints of
an instructional course or program.
5. Significance and Use
5.1 This guide establishes the basic structure for education The purpose of this guide is to provide, at the undergraduate college
level, a basic educational structure in the synthesis and processing of nanoscale materials at the undergraduate college level.to
organizations developing or carrying out education programs for the nanotechnology workforce. This guide helps to describe the
minimum knowledge base for anyone involved in nanomanufacturing or nanomaterials research.
5.2 The basic education should prepare an individual for varied roles in the nanotechnology workplace. The material in this guide
may require a post-secondary two-year science or technology background to be understood sufficiently.
5.3 Workers may transition in their roles in the workplace. Participants in such education will have a broad understanding of a
complement of synthesis and processing topics, topics related to the infrastructure required for advanced research and
manufacturing, thus increasing their marketability for jobs within as well as beyond the nanotechnology field.
Available from International Organization for Standardization (ISO), ISO Central Secretariat, BIBC II, Chemin de Blandonnet 8, CP 401, 1214 Vernier, Geneva,
Switzerland, http://www.iso.org.
E3071 − 22
5.4 Because nanotechnology is a rapidly developing field, the individual educated in nanotechnology needs to be cognizant of
changing and evolving safety procedures and practices. Individuals should be aware of how to maintain an up-to-date
understan
...

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