ASTM E3059-22
(Guide)Standard Guide for Workforce Education in Nanotechnology Infrastructure
Standard Guide for Workforce Education in Nanotechnology Infrastructure
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The purpose of this guide is to provide, at the undergraduate college level, a basic educational structure in the infrastructure aspects of nanotechnology to organizations developing or carrying out education programs for the nanotechnology workforce. This guide helps to describe the minimum knowledge base for anyone involved in nanomanufacturing or nanomaterials research.
5.2 The basic education should prepare an individual for varied roles in the nanotechnology workplace. The material in this guide may require a post-secondary two-year science or technology background to be understood sufficiently.
5.3 Workers may transition in their roles in the workplace. Participants in such education will have a broad understanding of a complement of topics related to the infrastructure required for advanced research and manufacturing, thus increasing their marketability for jobs within as well as beyond the nanotechnology field.
5.4 Because nanotechnology is a rapidly developing field, the individual educated in nanotechnology needs to be cognizant of changing and evolving safety procedures and practices. Individuals should be aware of how to maintain an up-to-date understanding of the technology and have sufficient base education to enable the synthesis of emerging or evolving safety procedures and practices.
5.5 This guide is intended to be one in a series of standards developed for workforce education in various aspects of nanotechnology. It will assist in providing an organization a basic structure for developing a program applicable to many areas in nanotechnology, thus providing dynamic and evolving workforce education.
SCOPE
1.1 This document provides guidelines for basic workforce education in the infrastructure topics related to nanotechnology to be taught at an undergraduate college level. This education should be broad to prepare an individual to work within one of the many areas in nanotechnology research, development, or manufacturing. The individual so educated may be involved in material handling, manufacture, distribution, storage, use, or disposal of nanoscale materials.
1.2 This guide may be used to develop or evaluate an education program for the infrastructure used in the nanotechnology field. This guide provides listings of key topics that should be covered in a nanotechnology education program on this subject, but it does not provide specific course material to be used in such a program. This approach is taken in order to allow workforce education entities to ensure their programs cover the required material while also enabling these institutions to tailor their programs to meet the needs of their local employers.
1.3 While no units of measurements are used in this guide, values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the methods and concepts pertaining to the infrastructure for nanotechnology. It may not cover knowledge and skill objectives applicable to local conditions or required by local regulations.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
General Information
- Status
- Published
- Publication Date
- 31-Jan-2022
- Technical Committee
- E56 - Nanotechnology
- Drafting Committee
- E56.07 - Education and Workforce Development
Relations
- Effective Date
- 01-Oct-2006
Overview
ASTM E3059-22: Standard Guide for Workforce Education in Nanotechnology Infrastructure provides a comprehensive framework for developing basic educational programs at the undergraduate level focused on nanotechnology infrastructure. Published by ASTM International, this guide is intended for organizations developing or running workforce education programs to prepare individuals for careers in nanotechnology research, development, and manufacturing.
The standard identifies the minimum knowledge base necessary for anyone engaged in nanomanufacturing or nanomaterials research. It does this without prescribing specific course content, providing flexibility for educational institutions to tailor programs to local industry needs while ensuring essential topics are covered.
Key Topics
Workforce education in nanotechnology infrastructure guided by ASTM E3059-22 should address a broad set of subject areas, including:
Controlled Environments
- Cleanroom classifications (ISO 14644-1, Federal Standard 209E)
- Components such as HVAC, air filtration (HEPA/ULPA), lighting, deionized water, scrubbers, and chemical storage
- Safety equipment (PPE, gas detectors, eyewash stations)
- Site survey parameters (vibration, electromagnetic fields, temperature/humidity)
- Fume hoods and glove boxes: uses, limitations, and operational training
Bio-Controlled Environments
- Laboratory biosafety level classifications (BSL 1–4)
- Biological safety equipment (PPE, biological safety cabinets, autoclaves)
- Decontamination procedures and training in microbiological practices
Vacuum Systems
- Understanding vacuum pressure units, ranges, and gas flow dynamics
- Components: vacuum tubing, fittings, feedthroughs, valves, and gauges
- Types of vacuum pumps (rotary vane, turbo molecular, diffusion, cryogenic, ion pumps)
Pressurized Gases
- Gas cylinder handling and connection standards (CGA standards)
- Use and maintenance of pressure regulators and tubing
Safety, Health, and Environmental (EHS) Concerns
- Awareness of unique hazards posed by nanoscale materials in comparison to bulk materials
- The necessity of up-to-date knowledge and evolving workplace safety practices
Applications
ASTM E3059-22 is valuable for:
- Educational Program Development: Serving as a blueprint for colleges and institutions to structure broad-based undergraduate curricula for nanotechnology workforce preparation.
- Program Evaluation: Providing a set of criteria to assess the comprehensiveness of existing nanotechnology education programs.
- Industry Readiness: Ensuring graduates possess foundational knowledge applicable across various nanotechnology roles, including material handling, manufacturing, research, distribution, and safe disposal of nanoscale materials.
- Career Flexibility: Preparing workers to transition between roles within nanotechnology, increasing their versatility and employability within and beyond the field.
By covering infrastructure topics vital for nanomanufacturing and nanomaterials research, the guide addresses industry needs and supports evolving skill requirements resulting from rapid technological advancements in nanotechnology.
Related Standards
Educators and industry professionals may refer to the following related standards for a holistic nanotechnology workforce education:
- ASTM E2456 - Terminology Relating to Nanotechnology
- ASTM E2996 - Guide for Workforce Education in Nanotechnology Health and Safety
- ASTM E3089 - Guide for Nanotechnology Workforce Education in Material Properties and Effects of Size
- ISO/TS 80004-1 - Nanotechnologies - Vocabulary - Part 1: Core Terms
- ISO 14644-1 - Cleanrooms and Associated Controlled Environments – Part 1: Classification of Air Cleanliness
- ASTM E3001 - Practice for Workforce Education in Nanotechnology Characterization
- ASTM E3034 - Guide for Workforce Education in Nanotechnology Pattern Generation
Practical Value
Implementing ASTM E3059-22 ensures that workforce education programs deliver relevant, up-to-date, and industry-aligned content on nanotechnology infrastructure. It supports both foundational and specialized learning, meeting the dynamic needs of modern nanotechnology sectors while promoting safety, adaptability, and lifelong learning in this evolving technical field.
Keywords: nanotechnology workforce education, nanotechnology infrastructure, cleanroom, vacuum systems, pressurized gas, biosafety, nanomanufacturing, nanoscale materials, safety practices, ASTM E3059-22.
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Frequently Asked Questions
ASTM E3059-22 is a guide published by ASTM International. Its full title is "Standard Guide for Workforce Education in Nanotechnology Infrastructure". This standard covers: SIGNIFICANCE AND USE 5.1 The purpose of this guide is to provide, at the undergraduate college level, a basic educational structure in the infrastructure aspects of nanotechnology to organizations developing or carrying out education programs for the nanotechnology workforce. This guide helps to describe the minimum knowledge base for anyone involved in nanomanufacturing or nanomaterials research. 5.2 The basic education should prepare an individual for varied roles in the nanotechnology workplace. The material in this guide may require a post-secondary two-year science or technology background to be understood sufficiently. 5.3 Workers may transition in their roles in the workplace. Participants in such education will have a broad understanding of a complement of topics related to the infrastructure required for advanced research and manufacturing, thus increasing their marketability for jobs within as well as beyond the nanotechnology field. 5.4 Because nanotechnology is a rapidly developing field, the individual educated in nanotechnology needs to be cognizant of changing and evolving safety procedures and practices. Individuals should be aware of how to maintain an up-to-date understanding of the technology and have sufficient base education to enable the synthesis of emerging or evolving safety procedures and practices. 5.5 This guide is intended to be one in a series of standards developed for workforce education in various aspects of nanotechnology. It will assist in providing an organization a basic structure for developing a program applicable to many areas in nanotechnology, thus providing dynamic and evolving workforce education. SCOPE 1.1 This document provides guidelines for basic workforce education in the infrastructure topics related to nanotechnology to be taught at an undergraduate college level. This education should be broad to prepare an individual to work within one of the many areas in nanotechnology research, development, or manufacturing. The individual so educated may be involved in material handling, manufacture, distribution, storage, use, or disposal of nanoscale materials. 1.2 This guide may be used to develop or evaluate an education program for the infrastructure used in the nanotechnology field. This guide provides listings of key topics that should be covered in a nanotechnology education program on this subject, but it does not provide specific course material to be used in such a program. This approach is taken in order to allow workforce education entities to ensure their programs cover the required material while also enabling these institutions to tailor their programs to meet the needs of their local employers. 1.3 While no units of measurements are used in this guide, values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. 1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the methods and concepts pertaining to the infrastructure for nanotechnology. It may not cover knowledge and skill objectives applicable to local conditions or required by local regulations. 1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE 5.1 The purpose of this guide is to provide, at the undergraduate college level, a basic educational structure in the infrastructure aspects of nanotechnology to organizations developing or carrying out education programs for the nanotechnology workforce. This guide helps to describe the minimum knowledge base for anyone involved in nanomanufacturing or nanomaterials research. 5.2 The basic education should prepare an individual for varied roles in the nanotechnology workplace. The material in this guide may require a post-secondary two-year science or technology background to be understood sufficiently. 5.3 Workers may transition in their roles in the workplace. Participants in such education will have a broad understanding of a complement of topics related to the infrastructure required for advanced research and manufacturing, thus increasing their marketability for jobs within as well as beyond the nanotechnology field. 5.4 Because nanotechnology is a rapidly developing field, the individual educated in nanotechnology needs to be cognizant of changing and evolving safety procedures and practices. Individuals should be aware of how to maintain an up-to-date understanding of the technology and have sufficient base education to enable the synthesis of emerging or evolving safety procedures and practices. 5.5 This guide is intended to be one in a series of standards developed for workforce education in various aspects of nanotechnology. It will assist in providing an organization a basic structure for developing a program applicable to many areas in nanotechnology, thus providing dynamic and evolving workforce education. SCOPE 1.1 This document provides guidelines for basic workforce education in the infrastructure topics related to nanotechnology to be taught at an undergraduate college level. This education should be broad to prepare an individual to work within one of the many areas in nanotechnology research, development, or manufacturing. The individual so educated may be involved in material handling, manufacture, distribution, storage, use, or disposal of nanoscale materials. 1.2 This guide may be used to develop or evaluate an education program for the infrastructure used in the nanotechnology field. This guide provides listings of key topics that should be covered in a nanotechnology education program on this subject, but it does not provide specific course material to be used in such a program. This approach is taken in order to allow workforce education entities to ensure their programs cover the required material while also enabling these institutions to tailor their programs to meet the needs of their local employers. 1.3 While no units of measurements are used in this guide, values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. 1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the methods and concepts pertaining to the infrastructure for nanotechnology. It may not cover knowledge and skill objectives applicable to local conditions or required by local regulations. 1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
ASTM E3059-22 is classified under the following ICS (International Classification for Standards) categories: 07.120 - Nanotechnologies. The ICS classification helps identify the subject area and facilitates finding related standards.
ASTM E3059-22 has the following relationships with other standards: It is inter standard links to ASTM E2456-06. Understanding these relationships helps ensure you are using the most current and applicable version of the standard.
ASTM E3059-22 is available in PDF format for immediate download after purchase. The document can be added to your cart and obtained through the secure checkout process. Digital delivery ensures instant access to the complete standard document.
Standards Content (Sample)
This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: E3059 − 22
Standard Guide for
Workforce Education in Nanotechnology Infrastructure
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E3059; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 2. Referenced Documents
1.1 This document provides guidelines for basic workforce 2.1 ASTM Standards:
educationintheinfrastructuretopicsrelatedtonanotechnology E2456 Terminology Relating to Nanotechnology
to be taught at an undergraduate college level. This education E2996 Guide for Workforce Education in Nanotechnology
should be broad to prepare an individual to work within one of Health and Safety
the many areas in nanotechnology research, development, or E3089 Guide for Nanotechnology Workforce Education in
manufacturing. The individual so educated may be involved in Material Properties and Effects of Size
material handling, manufacture, distribution, storage, use, or
2.2 ISO Standards:
disposal of nanoscale materials.
ISO/TS 80004-1 Nanotechnologies – Vocabulary – Part 1:
1.2 This guide may be used to develop or evaluate an Core Terms
ISO 14644-1 Cleanrooms and Associated Controlled Envi-
education program for the infrastructure used in the nanotech-
nology field. This guide provides listings of key topics that ronments – Part 1: Classification of Air Cleanliness
should be covered in a nanotechnology education program on
3. Terminology
this subject, but it does not provide specific course material to
be used in such a program. This approach is taken in order to
3.1 Definitions:
allow workforce education entities to ensure their programs
3.1.1 For definitions of terms related to nanotechnology in
cover the required material while also enabling these institu-
general, refer to Terminology E2456 and ISO/TS 80004-1.
tions to tailor their programs to meet the needs of their local
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
employers.
3.2.1 nanomanufacturing, n—intentional synthesis, genera-
1.3 While no units of measurements are used in this guide,
tion or control of nanomaterials, or fabrication steps in the
values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard.
nanoscale, for commercial purposes. ISO/TS 80004-1
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
3.2.2 nanomaterial, n—material with any external dimen-
methods and concepts pertaining to the infrastructure for
sion in the nanoscale or having internal structure or surface
nanotechnology. It may not cover knowledge and skill objec-
structure in the nanoscale. ISO/TS 80004-1
tives applicable to local conditions or required by local
3.2.3 nanoscale, adj—having one or more dimensions from
regulations.
approximately 1 to 100 nanometres (nm). E2456
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
3.2.4 nanotechnology infrastructure, n—the basic equip-
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
ment and facilities (such as controlled environments) that are
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
needed to properly conduct nanoscale research and develop-
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
ment or nanomanufacturing.
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.6 This international standard was developed in accor-
4. Summary of Guide
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
4.1 This guide designates a list of topics on nanotechnology
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
infrastructurerelevanttonanotechnologyworkforceeducation.
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E56 on Nanotech- contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
nology and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E56.07 on Education and Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
Workforce Development. the ASTM website.
Current edition approved Feb. 1, 2022. Published April 2022. Originally Available from International Organization for Standardization (ISO), ISO
approved in 2016. Last previous edition approved in 2016 as E3059 – 16. DOI: Central Secretariat, BIBC II, Chemin de Blandonnet 8, CP 401, 1214 Vernier,
10.1520/E3059-22. Geneva, Switzerland, http://www.iso.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
E3059 − 22
tive’s webpage on recent EHS research for more information.
Selection of the techniques, concepts, and materials are based
oninputsfromindustry,nanotechnologyeducators,andsubject
6.3 Students should also have a basic knowledge of the
matter experts.
physical and chemical properties of nanoscale materials (see
Note 2).
4.2 In this list, the first two topics pertain to controlled
environments. The subsequent two topics cover vacuum sys-
NOTE 2—See Guide E3089 for details.
tems and pressurized gases, respectively.
7. Concepts and Skills to be Covered
4.3 Within each of the four topics in the list, important
7.1 The methods or topics, or both, relevant for workforce
sub-topics recommended to be covered are listed specifically.
educationinnanotechnologyinfrastructurearegiveninSection
4.4 This approach provides both a broad education as well 8, with important topics to be covered for each method listed
as in-depth emphasis for key subjects within the time con-
specifically. Additional methods or topics, or both, may be
straints of an instructional course or program. added on an as-needed basis.
8. Concepts and Techniques Relevant to Nanotechnology
5. Significance and Use
Infrastructure
5.1 The purpose of this guide is to provide, at the under-
8.1 The minimum recommended course content for work-
graduate college level, a basic educational structure in the
forceeducationinnanotechnologyshouldincludeeducationon
infrastructure aspects of nanotechnology to organizations de-
the infrastructure used in nanomanufacturing, nanomaterials
veloping or carrying out education programs for the nanotech-
characterization or nanomaterials research.
nology workforce. This guide helps to describe the minimum
knowledge base for anyone involved in nanomanufacturing or
CONTROLLED ENVIRONMENTS
nanomaterials research.
8.2 Cleanroom Classification:
5.2 The basic education should prepare an individual for
8.2.1 Cleanliness level standards – ISO 14644-1 versus the
varied roles in the nanotechnology workplace. The material in
discontinued Federal Standard 209E.
this guide may require a post-secondary two-year science or
8.3 Cleanroom Components:
technology background to be understood sufficiently.
8.3.1 Heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC)
5.3 Workers ma
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: E3059 − 16 E3059 − 22
Standard Guide for
Workforce Education in Nanotechnology Infrastructure
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E3059; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This document provides guidelines for basic workforce education in the infrastructure topics related to nanotechnology to be
taught at an undergraduate college level. This education should be broad to prepare an individual to work within one of the many
areas in nanotechnology research, development, or manufacturing. The individual so educated may be involved in material
handling, manufacture, distribution, storage, use, or disposal of nanoscale materials.
1.2 This guide may be used to develop or evaluate an education program for the infrastructure used in the nanotechnology field.
This guide provides listings of key topics that should be covered in a nanotechnology education program on this subject, but it does
not provide specific course material to be used in such a program. This approach is taken in order to allow workforce education
entities to ensure their programs cover the required material while also enabling these institutions to tailor their programs to meet
the needs of their local employers.
1.3 The While no units of measurements are used in this guide, values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other
units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the methods and concepts pertaining to the infrastructure for
nanotechnology. It may not cover knowledge and skill objectives applicable to local conditions or required by local regulations.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety safety, health, and healthenvironmental practices and determine the
applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the methods and concepts pertaining to the infrastructure for
nanotechnology. It may not cover knowledge and skill objectives applicable to local conditions or required by local regulations.
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
E2456 Terminology Relating to Nanotechnology
E2996 Guide for Workforce Education in Nanotechnology Health and Safety
E3089 Guide for Nanotechnology Workforce Education in Material Properties and Effects of Size
This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E56 on Nanotechnology and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E56.07 on Education and Workforce
Development.
Current edition approved April 1, 2016Feb. 1, 2022. Published April 2016April 2022. Originally approved in 2016. Last previous edition approved in 2016 as E3059 – 16.
DOI: 10.1520/E3059-16.10.1520/E3059-22.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
E3059 − 22
2.2 ISO Standards:
ISO/TS 80004-1 Nanotechnologies – Vocabulary – Part 1: Core Terms
ISO 14644-1 Cleanrooms and Associated Controlled Environments – Part 1: Classification of Air Cleanliness
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 For definitions of terms related to nanotechnology in general, refer to Terminology E2456 and ISO/TS 80004-1.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.2.1 nanomanufacturing, n—intentional synthesis, generation or control of nano-materials,nanomaterials, or fabrication steps in
the nanoscale, for commercial purposes. ISO/TS 80004-1
3.2.2 nanomaterial, n—material with any external dimension in the nanoscale or having internal structure or surface structure in
the nanoscale. ISO/TS 80004-1
3.2.3 nanoscale, adj—having one or more dimensions from approximately 1 to 100 nanometres (nm). E2456
3.2.4 nanotechnology infrastructure, n—the basic equipment and facilities (such as controlled environments) that are needed to
properly conduct nanoscale research and development or nanomanufacturing.
4. Summary of Guide
4.1 This guide designates a list of topics on nanotechnology infrastructure relevant to nanotechnology workforce education.
Selection of the techniques, concepts, and materials are based on inputs from industry, nanotechnology educators, and subject
matter experts.
4.2 In this list, the first two topics pertain to controlled environments. The subsequent two topics cover vacuum systems and
pressurized gases.gases, respectively.
4.3 Within each of the four topics in the list, important sub-topics recommended to be covered are listed specifically.
4.4 This approach provides both a broad education as well as in-depth emphasis for key subjects within the time constraints of
an instructional course or program.
5. Significance and Use
5.1 The purpose of this guide is to provide provide, at the undergraduate college level, a basic educational structure in the
infrastructure aspects of nanotechnology to organizations developing or carrying out education programs for the nanotechnology
workforce. This guide helps to describe the minimum knowledge base for anyone involved in nanomanufacturing, nanomaterials
characterization, nanomanufacturing or nanomaterials research.
5.2 The basic education should prepare an individual for varied roles in the nanotechnology workplace. The material in this guide
may require a post-secondary two-year science or technology background to be understood sufficiently. Depth on the topics should
be sufficient to transfer between various applications of nanotechnology such as nanomaterial fabrication, nanomaterial
characterization, nanolithography, and patterning.
5.3 Nanoscale materials might present unique health and environmental hazards due to their unique properties. The hazards, if any,
presented by nanomaterials can be very different from those presented by bulk/macroscopic materials.Workers may transition in
their roles in the workplace. Participants in such education will have a broad understanding of a complement of topics related to
the infrastructure required for advanced research and manufacturing, thus increasing their marketability for jobs within as well as
beyond the nanotechnology field.
Available from International Organization for Standardization (ISO), ISO Central Secretariat, BIBC II, Chemin de Blandonnet 8, CP 401, 1214 Vernier, Geneva,
Switzerland, http://www.iso.org.
E3059 − 22
5.4 Because nanotechnology is a rapidly developing field, the individual educated in nanotechnology needs to be cognizant of
changing and evolving safety procedures and practices. Individuals should be aware of how to keep current on maintain an
up-to-date understanding of the technology and have asufficient base education th
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