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ASTM D2557-98(2017)

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Tensile-Shear Strength of Adhesives in the Subzero Temperature Range from −267.8 to −55°C (−450 to −67°F)

Standard Test Method for Tensile-Shear Strength of Adhesives in the Subzero Temperature Range from −267.8 to −55°C (−450 to −67°F)

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This test method may be used as an accelerated screening test for assessing the strength properties of adhesives and adhesive joints at subzero temperatures. This test method may also be used to determine the effects of various surface preparations, substrates, or adhesive systems on the durability of the adhesive joints at subzero temperatures.  
4.2 Tensile shear strengths of various adhesives, surface preparations, and substrates may be compared by using this test method for uniform sets of conditions. To assess the overall tensile shear strength of a given adhesive, surface preparation, and substrate should be tested under a range of stress and temperatures. For a specific end use, the needed strength properties using only one set of test conditions may be obtained.  
4.3 The misuse of strength values obtained from this test method as design-allowable stress values for structural joints could lead to product failure, property damage, and human injury.  
4.3.1 The apparent shear strength of an adhesive obtained from a given small single-lap specimen may differ from that obtained from a joint made with different adherends or by a different bonding process. The normal variation of temperature and moisture in the service environment causes the adherends and the adhesive to swell or shrink. The adherends and adhesive are likely to have different thermal and moisture coefficients of expansion. Even in small specimens, short-term environment changes can induce internal stresses of chemical changes in the adhesive that permanently affect the apparent strength and other properties of the adhesive.  
4.3.2 The problem of predicting joint behavior in a changing environment is even more difficult if a different type of adherend is used in a larger structural joint than was used in the small specimen.  
4.3.3 The apparent shear strength measured with a single-lap specimen is not suitable for determining design-allowable stresses for designing structural joints that ...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the comparative shear strength of adhesives for bonding metals when tested on a standard specimen and under specified conditions of preparation and testing at extreme subzero temperatures.  
1.2 This test method is applicable to the temperature range from -267.8 to -55°C (-450 to -67°F).  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precautions are given in 8.3.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

Status
Published
Publication Date
31-Oct-2017
ICS
83.180 - Adhesives
Technical Committee
D14 - Adhesives
Drafting Committee
D14.80 - Metal Bonding Adhesives
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM D2557-98(2010)e1 - Standard Test Method for Tensile-Shear Strength of Adhesives in the Subzero Temperature Range from -267.8 to -55&#176C (-450 to -67&#176F)
Effective Date
01-Nov-2017
Refers
ASTM B265-20a - Standard Specification for Titanium and Titanium Alloy Strip, Sheet, and Plate
Effective Date
01-Apr-2020
Refers
ASTM B265-20 - Standard Specification for Titanium and Titanium Alloy Strip, Sheet, and Plate
Effective Date
01-Jan-2020
Refers
ASTM D1002-10(2019) - Standard Test Method for Apparent Shear Strength of Single-Lap-Joint Adhesively Bonded Metal Specimens by Tension Loading (Metal-to-Metal)
Effective Date
01-Apr-2019
Refers
ASTM D4896-01(2016) - Standard Guide for Use of Adhesive-Bonded Single Lap-Joint Specimen Test Results
Effective Date
01-May-2016
Refers
ASTM B265-15 - Standard Specification for Titanium and Titanium Alloy Strip, Sheet, and Plate
Effective Date
01-Nov-2015
Refers
ASTM B265-13ae1 - Standard Specification for Titanium and Titanium Alloy Strip, Sheet, and Plate
Effective Date
01-Jul-2013
Refers
ASTM B265-13a - Standard Specification for Titanium and Titanium Alloy Strip, Sheet, and Plate
Effective Date
01-Jul-2013
Refers
ASTM B265-13 - Standard Specification for Titanium and Titanium Alloy Strip, Sheet, and Plate
Effective Date
01-Jun-2013
Refers
ASTM D907-12a - Standard Terminology of Adhesives
Effective Date
01-Jul-2012
Refers
ASTM D907-12 - Standard Terminology of Adhesives
Effective Date
01-May-2012
Refers
ASTM D907-11a - Standard Terminology of Adhesives
Effective Date
01-Dec-2011
Refers
ASTM B265-11 - Standard Specification for Titanium and Titanium Alloy Strip, Sheet, and Plate
Effective Date
01-Sep-2011
Refers
ASTM B265-11e1 - Standard Specification for Titanium and Titanium Alloy Strip, Sheet, and Plate
Effective Date
01-Sep-2011
Refers
ASTM D907-11 - Standard Terminology of Adhesives
Effective Date
01-Jan-2011

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ASTM D2557-98(2017) - Standard Test Method for Tensile-Shear Strength of Adhesives in the Subzero Temperature Range from −267.8 to −55°C (−450 to −67°F)ASTM D2557-98(2017) - Standard Test Method for Tensile-Shear Strength of Adhesives in the Subzero Temperature Range from −267.8 to −55°C (−450 to −67°F)
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ASTM D2557-98(2017) - Standard Test Method for Tensile-Shear Strength of Adhesives in the Subzero Temperature Range from −267.8 to −55°C (−450 to −67°F)
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This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D2557 − 98 (Reapproved 2017)
Standard Test Method for
Tensile-Shear Strength of Adhesives in the Subzero
Temperature Range from −267.8 to −55°C (−450 to −67°F)
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2557; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope B265Specification for Titanium and Titanium Alloy Strip,
Sheet, and Plate
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the com-
D907Terminology of Adhesives
parative shear strength of adhesives for bonding metals when
D1002Test Method for Apparent Shear Strength of Single-
testedonastandardspecimenandunderspecifiedconditionsof
Lap-Joint Adhesively Bonded Metal Specimens by Ten-
preparation and testing at extreme subzero temperatures.
sion Loading (Metal-to-Metal)
1.2 This test method is applicable to the temperature range
D4896Guide for Use ofAdhesive-Bonded Single Lap-Joint
from -267.8 to -55°C (-450 to -67°F).
Specimen Test Results
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
standard. The values given in parentheses are for information 3. Terminology
only.
3.1 Definitions—Many terms in this test method are defined
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
in Terminology D907.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
4. Significance and Use
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
4.1 This test method may be used as an accelerated screen-
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
ing test for assessing the strength properties of adhesives and
Specific precautions are given in 8.3.
adhesive joints at subzero temperatures. This test method may
1.5 This international standard was developed in accor-
also be used to determine the effects of various surface
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
preparations, substrates, or adhesive systems on the durability
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
of the adhesive joints at subzero temperatures.
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
4.2 Tensile shear strengths of various adhesives, surface
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
preparations,andsubstratesmaybecomparedbyusingthistest
method for uniform sets of conditions. To assess the overall
2. Referenced Documents
tensile shear strength of a given adhesive, surface preparation,
and substrate should be tested under a range of stress and
2.1 ASTM Standards:
temperatures. For a specific end use, the needed strength
A167 Specification for Stainless and Heat-Resisting
properties using only one set of test conditions may be
Chromium-Nickel Steel Plate, Sheet, and Strip (With-
obtained.
drawn 2014)
B209Specification for Aluminum and Aluminum-Alloy
4.3 The misuse of strength values obtained from this test
Sheet and Plate
method as design-allowable stress values for structural joints
could lead to product failure, property damage, and human
injury.
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D14 on
4.3.1 The apparent shear strength of an adhesive obtained
Adhesives and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D14.80 on Metal
Bonding Adhesives.
from a given small single-lap specimen may differ from that
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2017. Published November 2017. Originally
obtained from a joint made with different adherends or by a
ɛ1
approved in 1966. Last previous edition approved in 2010 as D2557–98(2010) .
differentbondingprocess.Thenormalvariationoftemperature
DOI: 10.1520/D2557-98R17.
and moisture in the service environment causes the adherends
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
and the adhesive to swell or shrink. The adherends and
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
adhesive are likely to have different thermal and moisture
the ASTM website.
coefficients of expansion. Even in small specimens, short-term
The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
www.astm.org. environment changes can induce internal stresses of chemical
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D2557 − 98 (2017)
NOTE 1—Other alloys can be used as adherends, but caution should be
changes in the adhesive that permanently affect the apparent
used in choice since many alloys become brittle at extreme subzero
strength and other properties of the adhesive.
temperatures.
4.3.2 The problem of predicting joint behavior in a chang-
A
Metal ASTM Designation
ing environment is even more difficult if a different type of
Steel, corrosion-resistant sheet, 301 FH A167
adherendisusedinalargerstructuraljointthanwasusedinthe
Aluminum alloy, sheet, 2024-T3 B209
Titanium alloy, sheet, 5A1-2.5 Sn B265
small specimen.
4.3.3 The apparent shear strength measured with a single-
A
The above sheets shall have a thickness of 1.270 mm (0.050 in.) except in the
lap specimen is not suitable for determining design-allowable
case of the aluminum alloy sheet which shall have a thickness of 1.630 mm (0.064
stressesfordesigningstructuraljointsthatdifferinanymanner
in.).
from the joints tested without thorough analysis and under-
standing of the joint and adhesive behaviors.
7. Preparation of Test Specimens
4.3.4 Single-lap tests may be used for comparing and
7.1 Cut test specimens to dimensions from the test panel, as
selecting adhesives or bonding processes for susceptibility to
showninFig.3(B).Measurethewidthofthespecimenandthe
fatigueandenvironmentalchanges,butsuchcomparisonsmust
length of the overlap to the nearest 0.25 mm (0.01 in.).
be made with great caution since different adhesives may
7.2 Specimens are to have bonded, spot welded, or me-
respond differently in different joints. See Guide D4896 for
chanically attached doublers.
further discussion of the concepts relative to interpretation of
adhesive-bonded single-lap-joints.
7.3 Test specimens may be prepared by bonding indivi
...

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1.1 This specification provides the means to measure and evaluate the performance of adhesives for structural or semi-structural bonding of wood-to-wood in manufactured homes. Wood as used in this specification includes lumber, plywood, particleboard, gypsum board, and all materials having wood-based surfaces at the bondline. This specification does not cover other adhesives used in manufactured homes such as adhesives for carpet, floor tile, ceramic fixtures, plastic laminates, trim and millwork, and similar nonstructural applications.  
1.1.1 The performance of the adhesives is measured in the following tests:    
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ASTM D907-15(2023)(Terminology)
Standard Terminology of Adhesives

SCOPE
1.1 This terminology standard is a compilation of definitions used in the science and technology of the adhesives industry. Terms that are generally understood or adequately defined in other readily available sources are not included.  
1.2 Any changes in this standard since 1988 are documented as follows:  
1.2.1 Appendix X1 gives a history of revisions made since 1988. Table X1.1 lists the terms that are affected as: (1) Terms Added, (2) Terms Revised, and (3) Terms Deleted.
1.2.1.1 In Table X1.1, the year of publication in Volume 15.06 is shown in parentheses following the term.  
1.2.2 In the text of the standard, the year of publication is shown following each definition. Also, the following codes are included after the year of publication to describe the type change that was made: (A) Addition, (R) Revision, or (E) Edited.  
1.2.3 Deletions are shown in Appendix X1, suitably footnoted. The deleted terms do not appear in the text of the standard.  
1.2.4 Any special circumstances not covered by 1.2.2 and 1.2.3 are documented in Table X1.1, suitably footnoted.  
1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D7966/D7966M-16(2023)(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Resistance to Creep of Adhesives in Static Shear by Compression Loading (Wood-to-Wood)

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method evaluates the performance of the adhesive in laminated wood as measured by resistance to creep under static load.  
5.2 Test results from the evaluation of adhesive creep resistance, under designated environmental conditions of the test, provide a measure of the adhesive’s ability to withstand constant loading over a relatively long period of time.  
5.3 Creep measured with this test method is normally used in conjunction with specifications such as, but not limited to Specification D2559 and CSA O112.9 to confirm suitability of an adhesive to resist creep under designed loads when subjected to specific levels of stress, load duration and environmental conditions.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of creep properties of structural adhesives in wood-to-wood bonds when a standardized specimen is subjected to shearing stresses at various levels of static load, constant temperature, and relative humidity. Apparatus and procedures are provided for shear deformation (creep) of adhesive bonds under static load. This test method is used under the indicated conditions to evaluate resistance to creep properties of a structural wood adhesive.  
1.2 The test method is used to evaluate creep performance of adhesives suitable for the bonding of wood, including treated wood, into structural wood products for general construction, marine use, or for other uses where a high-strength general construction, creep-resistant, durable adhesive bond is required. Individual block shear specimens are prepared from adhesively bonded laminations, subjected to a constant load under various combinations of temperature and relative humidity, and the amount of creep measured.  
1.3 Creep of structural wood adhesives as measured by this test method may not be comparative to other ASTM methods and is limited to the conditions of the test and procedures contained herein.  
1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D4800-94(2023)(Guide)
Standard Guide for Classifying and Specifying Adhesives

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 The purpose of this classification system is to provide a method of identifying adhesives in order to give industry a system that can be used universally for materials. It further provides a means for specifying these materials by the use of the standards that are developed using this guide.  
4.2 This classification system was developed to permit the addition of future adhesives.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide provides a classification system for tabulating the properties of adhesives suitable for holding parts or assemblies together. The use of this guide also provides information necessary for the development of standard specifications for adhesives.  
Note 1: This classification system may serve many of the needs of industries using adhesives. This guide is subject to revision as the need requires; therefore, the latest revision should always be used.  
1.2 Limitations—This classification system is intended to be a means of identifying adhesives. It is not intended for the selection of materials. Material selection should be made by those having expertise in the adhesives field after careful consideration of the design and the performance required of the part, the environment to which it will be exposed, the attachment process to be employed, the inherent properties of the material not covered in this document, and the economic factors.  
1.3 This classification system is based on the premise that adhesives can be arranged into broad generic families using basic properties to arrange the materials into groups, classes, and grades.  
1.4 In all cases where the provisions of this classification system would conflict with the referenced ASTM specification for a particular material, the latter shall take precedence.  
1.5 The values stated in SI units, as detailed in IEEE/ASTM SI 10, are to be regarded as the standard.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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