ASTM D893-14

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Designation: D893 − 12 D893 − 14
Standard Test Method for
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Insolubles in Used Lubricating Oils
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D893; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope*
1.1 This test method covers the determination of pentane and toluene insolubles in used lubricating oils.
1.2 Procedure A covers the determination of insolubles without the use of coagulant in the pentane. It provides an indication
of the materials that can readily be separated from the oil-solvent mixtures by centrifuging.
1.3 Procedure B covers the determination of insolubles in oils containing detergents and employs a coagulant for both the
pentane and toluene insolubles. In addition to the materials separated by using Procedure A, this coagulation procedure separates
some finely divided materials that may be suspended in the oil.
NOTE 1—Results obtained by Procedures A and B should not be compared since they usually give different values. The same procedure should be
employed when comparing values obtained periodically on an oil in use or when comparing results determined by two or more laboratories.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use. For specific warning statements, see Section 7 and 9.1.1.
2. Referenced Documents
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2.1 ASTM Standards:
D1193 Specification for Reagent Water
D4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum Products
D4177 Practice for Automatic Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum Products
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 coagulate, v—to cause to become viscous or thickened into a coherent mass.
3.1.2 coagulated pentane insolubles, n—in used oil analysis, separated matter that results when a coagulant is added to a
solution of used oil in pentane.
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This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of
Subcommittee D02.06 on Analysis of Lubricants.
Current edition approved April 15, 2012May 1, 2014. Published May 2012May 2014. Originally approved in 1967. Last previous edition approved in 20112012 as
D893D893 – 12.–11. DOI: 10.1520/D0893-12.10.1520/D0893-14.
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For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
3.1.2.1 Discussion—
The addition of a coagulant will aid in separating finely divided materials that may have been held in suspension because of the
dispersant characteristics of the oil.
3.1.3 coagulated toluene insolubles, n—in used oil analysis, coagulated and separated matter not soluble in pentane or toluene.
3.1.4 pentane insolubles, n—in used oil analysis, separated matter resulting when a used oil is mixed with pentane.
3.1.4.1 Discussion—
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
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D893 − 14
In this test method, the separation is effected by centrifugation.
3.1.5 toluene insolubles, n—in used oil analysis, the portion of pentane insolubles not soluble in toluene.
3.1.6 used oil, n—any oil that has been in a piece of equipment (for example, an engine, gearbox, transformer, or turbine),
whether operated or not.
3.1.6.1 Discussion—
In this test method, the oil can be any oil that has been used for lubrication.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.2.1 insoluble resins, n—in used oil analysis, separated matter soluble in toluene but not pentane.
3.2.1.1 Discussion—
Insoluble resins can be calculated for either Procedure A or B by subtracting the toluene insolubles from the pentane insolubles.
4. Summary of Test Metho
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