ASTM C1023-10(2023)

This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: C1023 − 10 (Reapproved 2023)
Standard Practice for
Labeling Ceramic Art Materials for Chronic Adverse Health
Hazards
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C1023; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
INTRODUCTION
Uninformed or careless use of some ceramic art material products can give rise to health hazards,
either acute or chronic, or both. Specific and readily available warnings are needed to help protect
users. One way to disseminate such information is to provide appropriate precautionary labeling on
ceramic art material products.
Labeling for acute health hazards, including those associated with ceramic art materials, are
presently being addressed by such requirements as the U.S. Consumer Product Safety Act, the Federal
Hazardous Substances Act, and the like. There are presently no specific national standards for labeling
ceramic art materials with respect to chronic adverse health hazards.
This practice is intended to provide a standard for developing precautionary labels concerning
chronic adverse health hazards related to the use of ceramic art materials. It is further intended to have
the adaptability necessary to keep labels current with existing scientific and medical knowledge, as
well as in conformity with other precautionary labeling requirements, both acute and chronic, thereby
avoiding unnecessary confusion by users with respect to other precautionary labeling.
1. Scope will necessarily be labeled adequately or safe for use by
children. Labeling determinations should consider reasonably
1.1 This practice describes a procedure for developing
foreseeable use or misuse by children and include as
precautionary labels for ceramic art materials and provides
appropriate, in such instances, warnings to keep out of reach,
hazard and precautionary statements based upon knowledge
or other specific precautionary statements. The responsibility
that exists in the scientific and medical communities. This
for precautionary labeling rests with the ceramic producer or
practice concerns those chronic adverse health hazards known
repackager who markets the material for art or craft use.
to be associated with a product or product component(s), when
the component(s) is present in a physical form, volume, or
1.4 This practice does not specify test methods for deter-
concentration that in the opinion of a toxicologist has the
mining whether a substance or product presents chronic
potential to produce a chronic adverse health effect(s).
adverse health hazards.
1.2 This practice is intended to apply exclusively to ceramic
1.5 This practice does not apply to products appropriately
art materials which are packaged in sizes intended for use by
labeled for known chronic adverse health hazards according to
artists or crafts people, either individually, or in a small group
chemical substances labeling standards and practices, such as
or class.
another national consensus standard, existing labeling statutes,
1.3 This practice applies to developing precautionary label-
regulations, or guidelines.
ing for ceramic art materials intended for adult usage. Confor-
1.6 Since knowledge about chronic adverse health hazards
mance to this practice does not imply that ceramic art materials
is incomplete and warning cannot cover all uses of any
product, it is not possible for precautionary labeling to assure
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C21 on Ceramic
completely safe use of an art product.
Whitewares and Related Productsand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
C21.03 on Methods for Whitewares and Environmental Concerns.
1.7 Manufacturers or repackagers may wish to determine
Current edition approved March 1, 2023. Published March 2023. Originally
individually or collectively precautionary labeling for ceramic
approved in 1983. Last previous edition approved in 2018 as C1023 – 10 (2018).
DOI: 10.1520/C1023-10R23. art materials in accordance with this practice. Compliance may
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
C1023 − 10 (2023)
be certified by a certifying organization. Guidelines for a 2.10 sensitizer—a substance that is known to cause, through
certifying organization are given in Appendix X1. an allergic process, a chronic adverse health effect which
becomes evident in a significant number of people on re-
1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the
exposure to the same substance.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro- 2.11 toxic—applies to any substance that is likely to produce
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter- personal injury or illness to humans through ingestion,
inhalation, or skin contact.
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.9 This international standard was developed in accor-
2.12 toxicologist—an individual who through education,
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
training and experience has expertise in the field of toxicology,
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
as it relates to human exposure, and is either a toxicologist or
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
physician certified by a nationally recognized certification
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
board.
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
3. Requirements
2. Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard 3.1 To conform to this voluntary practice, the ceramic
producer or repackager of ceramic art materials shall submit
2.1 analytical laboratory—a laboratory having personnel
ceramic art material product formulation(s) or reformulation(s)
and apparatus capable of performing quantitative or qualitative
to a toxicologist for review, such review to be in accordance
analysis of ceramic art materials, which may yield information
with Section 4 of this practice. The toxicologist shall be
that is used by a toxicologist for evaluation of potentially
required to keep product formulation(s) confidential.
hazardous materials.
3.1.1 Unless otherwise agreed in writing by the ceramic
2.2 artists or crafts people—individuals who create, or
producer or repackager, no one other than the toxicologist shall
recreate in a limited number, largely by hand, works that may
have access to the formulation(s); except that the toxicologist
or may not have a practical use, but in which aesthetic
shall furnish a patient’s physician, on a confidential basis, the
considerations are paramount.
information necessary to diagnose or treat cases of exposure or
accidental ingestion.
2.3 bioavailability—the extent to which a substance can be
absorbed in a biologically active form.
3.2 To conform to this practice, the ceramic producer or
repackager, upon advice given by a toxicologist in accordance
2.4 ceramic art material or ceramic art material product—
with Section 4 of this practice, shall adopt precautionary
any raw or processed material, or manufactured product,
labeling in accordance with Section 5 of this practice and based
marketed or represented by a ceramic producer or repackager
upon generally accepted, well-established evidence that a
as intended for and suitable for use in a fired product produced
component substance(s) is known to cause chronic adverse
by artists or crafts people.
health effects.
2.5 ceramic producer—the person or entity who
3.3 To conform to this practice, labeling shall be parallel to,
manufactures, processes, or imports a ceramic art material.
conform to, and minimally include any labeling practices
2.6 chronic adverse health effect(s)—a persistent toxic ef-
prescribed by U.S. federal and state statutes or regulations and
fect(s) that develops over time from a single, prolonged, or
shall not diminish the effect of required acute toxicity warn-
repeated exposure to a substance which can, in humans, cause
ings.
sterility, birth defects, harm to a developing fetus or to a
3.4 To conform to this practice, the ceramic producer or
nursing infant, cancer, allergic sensitization, damage to the
repackager shall supply a poison exposure management infor-
nervous system, or a persistent adverse effect to any other
mation source, the generic formulation information required
organ system.
for dissemination to poison control centers or provide a 24-h
2.7 chronic adverse health hazard(s)—hereafter referred to
cost-free number to poison control centers.
as “chronic hazard”—a health risk to humans, resultant from
3.5 To conform to this practice, the ceramic producer or
exposure to a substance that may cause a chronic adverse
repackager shall have a toxicologist review as necessary, but at
health effect.
least every five years, ceramic art material product formula-
2.8 label—a display of written, printed, or graphic matter tion(s) and associated label(s) based upon the then current,
upon the immediate container of any ceramic art material
generally accepted, well-established scientific knowledge.
product. When the product is unpackaged, or is not packaged in
4. Determination of Labeling
an immediate container intended or suitable for delivery to
4.1 A ceramic art material is considered to have the poten-
artists or crafts people, the label can be a display of such matter
tial for producing chronic adverse health effects if any custom-
directly upon the ceramic art material or upon a tag or other
ary or reasonably foreseeable use can result in a chronic
suitable labeling device attached to the ceramic art material.
hazard.
2.9 repackager—the person or entity who obtains materials
from ceramic producers and, without making changes in such
Two of the larger poison control centers are: The Rocky Mountain Poison
materials, puts them in containers intended for sale as ceramic
Control Center, W. 8th and Cherokee, Denver, CO 80204; and the National Poison
art materials to artists or crafts people. Control Center Network, 125 De Soto St., Pittsburgh, PA 15213.
C1023 − 10 (2023)
4.2 In making his determination a toxicologist(s) shall take be stated substantially in accordance with the statements listed
into account the following: in Annex A1 of this practice. Potential chronic hazards noted
4.2.1 Current chemical composition of the ceramic art shall be those that are clinically significant and that might be
material, supplied by an analytical laboratory or by an indus- expected with any reasonably foreseeable use of the ceramic
trial chemist on behalf of a manufacturer or repackager, art material. The hazards should be grouped in the order of
4.2.2 Current generally accepted, well-established scientific relative descending severity.
knowledge of the chronic toxic potential of each component(s)
5.3 Name of Chronic Hazardous Component(s)—All com-
and the total formulation,
ponents and known decomposition products of the formulation
4.2.3 Specific physical and chemical form of the ceramic art
with a potential for chronic hazards, as determined under the
material product, bioavailability, concentration, and the
procedures of Section 4, shall be listed prominently. Generi-
amount of each potential chronic toxic component found in the
cally equivalent names may be used.
formulation,
5.4 Safe Handling Instructions—Appropriate precautionary
4.2.4 Reasonably foreseeable uses of the ceramic art mate-
statements as to work practices, personal protection, and
rial product as determined by consultation with users and other
ventilation requirements shall be used substantially conform-
individuals, who are experienced in use of the material(s), such
ing with those listed in Annex A2 of this practice.
as teachers, or by market studies, unless such use information
has previously been determined with respect to the specific 5.5 List of Sensitizing Components—To protect artists or
ceramic art material(s) under review,
crafts people from known sensitizers found within ceramic art
4.2.5 Potential for known synergism and antagonism of the materials, each label shall contain a list of those sensitizers
various components of the formulation,
present in sufficient amounts to contribute significantly to a
4.2.6 Potential chronic adverse health effects of decompo- known skin or respiratory sensitization.
sition or combustion products, if known, from any reasonably
5.6 Combined Statements—If a ceramic art material con-
foreseeable use of the hazardous ceramic art material product,
tains more than one component capable of causing a chronic
and
adverse health effect, or if a single chemical can cause several
4.2.7 Opinions of various medical, regulatory, and scientific
different chronic adverse effects, the potential effects may be
bodies on the potential for chronic adverse health effects of
combined into one statement.
the various components of the formulation.
5.7 Information Sources—The precautionary label shall
4.3 Based upon the conclusion reached in conformance with
contain a statement identifying a source for additional health
review determinations set forth herein the toxicologist(s) shall
information substantially in conformance with one of the
recommend precautionary labeling consistent with Section 5 of
phrases listed below:
this practice.
FOR MORE HEALTH INFORMATION—(24-HOUR COST
FREE NUMBER).
5. Labeling Practices
CONTACT A PHYSICIAN FOR MORE HEALTH INFOR-
5.1 Signal Word:
MATION.
5.1.1 When a signal word for an acute hazard(s) is mandated
CALL YOUR LOCAL POISON CONTROL CENTER FOR
and a chronic hazard(s) exists, the signal word shall be that for
MORE HEALTH INFORMATION.
the acute hazard.
5.8 Supplemental Information—Where appropriate, more
5.1.2 When only a chronic hazard(s) exists, the signal word
detailed technical information that relates to chronic hazard(s),
WARNING shall be used.
such as physical properties, decomposition products, detailed
5.1.3 The signal word shall be prominently visible and set in
safety instructions or disposal recommendations, shall be
bold capitals in a size equal to or greater than the statement of
included in supplemental documents, such as Material Safety
potential chronic hazards.
Data Sheets, technical brochures, technical data sheets, and the
5.2 List of Potential Chronic Hazards—Potential chronic
like.
hazards, as determined under the procedures of Section 4, shall
6. Keywords
Such as: International Agency for Research on Cancer, National Cancer
6.1 ceramic art materials; chronic adverse health hazards;
Institute, World Health Organization, American Lung Association, and the Interna-
tional Lead Zinc Research Organization. labeling
C1023 − 10 (2023)
ANNEXES
(Mandatory Information)
A1. CHRONIC ADVERSE HAZARD STATEMENTS
May cause sterility. Cancer agent based on tests with laboratory animals.
May be harmful by breathing vapors/dust. Possible cancer agent based on tests with laboratory animals.
May be harmful if swallowed. May produce allergic reaction by ingestion/inhalation/skin
May be harmful by skin contact. contact.
May produce birth defects in the developing fetus. May produce numbness or weakness in the extremities.
May be excreted in human milk. Exposure may cause (specify the organ(s)) damage.
May cause harm to the nursing infant. Heating/combustion may cause hazardous decomposition
Cancer agent! Exposure may produce cancer. products.
A2. PRECAUTIONARY STATEMENTS
Keep out of reach of children. Wear NIOSH-certified respiratory with an appropriate car-
When using do not eat, drink or smoke.
tridge for (specify).
Wash hands immediately after use.
Use window exhaust fan to remove vapors and assure
Avoid inhalation/ingestion/skin contact.
adequate cross ventilation. (Specify explosion-proof if neces-
Avoid fumes from combustion.
sary.)
Keep container tightly closed when not in use.
Do not heat above (s
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