ASTM D202-97
(Test Method)Standard Test Methods for Sampling and Testing Untreated Paper Used for Electrical Insulation
Standard Test Methods for Sampling and Testing Untreated Paper Used for Electrical Insulation
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover procedures for sampling and testing untreated paper to be used as an electrical insulator or as a constituent of a composite material used for electrical insulating purposes.
1.1.1 Untreated papers are thin, fibrous sheets normally laid down from a water suspension of pulped fibers (usually cellulosic), which may contain various amounts of nonfibrous ingredients, and which are calendared, if required, to obtain desired thickness and density. Nevertheless, these test methods are applicable, generally although not invariably, to papers formed by other means, to papers modified (during or after formation) by additions, and to papers given subsequent mechanical treatments such as creping.
1.1.2 As an electrical insulating and dielectric material, paper is considered "untreated" until it is subjected to a manufacturing process such as drying, impregnation, or varnish treatment.
1.1.3 The test methods given herein were developed specifically for papers having a thickness of 0.75 mm (0.030 in.) or less. A number of these test methods are also suitable for use on other materials such as pulps or boards. Refer to Test Methods D3376 or Methods D3394 to determine which tests are applicable to pulps or electrical insulating boards. In the paper industry, some products in thicknesses of less than 0.75 mm are termed "paperboard". Such products are included within the scope of these methods.
1.1.4 These test methods are applicable to flexible fibrous-mat materials formed from suspensions of fiber in fluids other than water. These mats may have thicknesses approaching 2 mm, and may contain fibers that are natural, synthetic, organic, or inorganic; fillers that are natural, synthetic, organic, or inorganic; and flexible polymeric binder materials.
1.2 The procedures appear in the following sections: ASTM or TAPPI Procedure Sections Reference (Modified) Absorption (Rise of Water) 78 to 83 Acidity-Alkalinity-pH 45 to 54 E 70 Air Resistance 98 to 101 D 726 Aqueous Extract Conductivity 55 to 64 Ash Content 40 to 44 DS 586 Bursting Strength 102 to 107 D 774 Chlorides (Water-Extractable) 165 to 182 Conditioning 15 D 685 Conducting Paths 138 to 151 Density, Apparent 29 to 33 Dielectric Strength 152 to 157 D 149 Dimensions of Sheet, Rolls and 16 to 24 D 374 Cores Dissipation Factor and Permittivity 158 to 164 D 150 Edge-Tearing Resistance 126 to 130 D 827 or T 470 Fiber Analysis 74 to 77 D 1030 Folding Endurance 108 to 110 T 423 and D 2176 Grammage 25 to 28 D 646 Permittivity 158 to 164 D 150 Heat Stability in Air 131 to 137 D 827 Impregnation Time 84 to 91 Internal-Tearing Resistance 121 to 125 D 689 or T 414 Moisture Content 34 to 39 D 644 and D 3277 Particulate Copper 192 to 201 Particulate Iron 183 to 191 Reagents 4 D 1193 Reports 14 E 29 Sampling 6 to 13 D 3636 Silver Tarnishing by Paper and 202 to 205 T 444 Paperboard Solvent-Soluble Matter 65 to 73 D 494 Surface Friction 92 to 97 D 528 and T 455 Tensile Properties 111 to 120 D 76, E 4 Thickness (see Dimensions) 16 to 24 D 374
1.3 This compilation of test methods is closely related to IEC Publication 554-2. Not all of the individual methods included herein are included in IEC 554-2, nor are all of the methods in IEC 554-2 included in this standard. the individual procedures as described in the two standards are in general sufficiently close to each other that it is reasonable to expect that test results obtained by most of the procedures specified in either standard will not differ significantly. However, before assuming that a procedure in these test methods is exactly equivalent to an IEC 554-2 procedure, the written procedures should be compared closely, and if it seems advisable, test results by the two procedures should be compared.
1.4 The tests for Holes and Felt Hair Inclusions and the Stain Test for Fine Pores, have been removed from this compilation of test methods. These test methods were specific to grades of capacitor pap...
General Information
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Standards Content (Sample)
Designation: D 202 – 97 An American National Standard
AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS
100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
Reprinted from the Annual Book of ASTM Standards. Copyright ASTM
Standard Test Methods for
Sampling and Testing Untreated Paper Used for Electrical
1
Insulation
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 202; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
Acidity-Alkalinity-pH 45 to 54 E 70
Air Resistance 98 to 101 D 726
1.1 These test methods cover procedures for sampling and
Aqueous Extract Conductivity 55 to 64 .
testing untreated paper to be used as an electrical insulator or
Ash Content 40 to 44 D 586
Bursting Strength 102 to 107 D 774
as a constituent of a composite material used for electrical
Chlorides (Water-Extractable) 165 to 183 .
insulating purposes.
Conditioning 15 D 6054
1.1.1 Untreated papers are thin, fibrous sheets normally laid Conducting Paths 138 to 151 .
Density, Apparent 29 to 33 .
down from a water suspension of pulped fibers (usually
Dielectric Strength 152 to 157 D 149
cellulosic), which may contain various amounts of nonfibrous
Dimensions of Sheet, Rolls and 16 to 24 D 374
ingredients, and which are calendared, if required, to obtain Cores
Dissipation Factor and Permittivity 158 to 164 D 150
desired thickness and density. Nevertheless, these test methods
Edge-Tearing Resistance 126 to 130 D 827 or T470
are applicable, generally although not invariably, to papers
Fiber Analysis 74 to 77 D 1030
formed by other means, to papers modified (during or after Folding Endurance 108 to 110 T 423 and D2176
Grammage 25 to 28 D 646
formation) by additions, and to papers given subsequent
Permittivity 158 to 164 D 150
mechanical treatments such as creping.
Heat Stability in Air 131 to 137 D 827
1.1.2 As an electrical insulating and dielectric material, Impregnation Time 84 to 91 .
Internal-Tearing Resistance 121 to 125 D 689 or T414
paper is considered “untreated” until it is subjected to a
Moisture Content 34 to 39 D 644 and D3277
manufacturing process such as drying, impregnation, or var-
Particulate Copper 193 to 202 .
nish treatment. Particulate Iron 184 to 192 .
Reagents 4 D 1193
1.1.3 The test methods given herein were developed spe-
Reports 14 E 29
cifically for papers having a thickness of 0.75 mm (0.030 in.)
Sampling 6 to 13 D 3636
Silver Tarnishing by Paper and 203 to 206 T 444
or less. A number of these test methods are also suitable for use
Paperboard
on other materials such as pulps or boards. Refer to Test
Solvent-Soluble Matter 65 to 73 D 494
Methods D 3376 or Methods D 3394 to determine which tests
Surface Friction 92 to 97 D 528 and T455
Tensile Properties 111 to 120 D 76, E4
are applicable to pulps or electrical insulating boards. In the
Thickness (see Dimensions) 16 to 24 D 374
paper industry, some products in thicknesses of less than 0.75
mm are termed “paperboard”. Such products are included
1.3 This compilation of test methods is closely related to
within the scope of these methods.
IEC Publication 554-2. Not all of the individual methods
1.1.4 These test methods are applicable to flexible fibrous-
included herein are included in IEC 554-2, nor are all of the
mat materials formed from suspensions of fiber in fluids other
methods in IEC 554-2 included in this standard. The individual
than water. These mats may have thicknesses approaching 2
procedures as described in the two standards are in general
mm, and may contain fibers that are natural, synthetic, organic,
sufficiently close to each other that it is reasonable to expect
or inorganic; fillers that are natural, synthetic, organic, or that test results obtained by most of the procedures specified in
inorganic; and flexible polymeric binder materials.
either standard will not differ significantly. However, before
1.2 The procedures appear in the following sections: assuming that a procedure in these test methods is exactly
ASTM or TAPPI equivalent to an IEC 554-2 procedure, the written procedures
Reference
should be compared closely, and if it seems advisable, test
Procedure Sections (Modified)
results by the two procedures should be compared.
Absorption (Rise of Water) 78 to 83 .
1.4 The tests for Holes and Felt Hair Inclusions and the
Stain Test for Fine Pores, have been removed from this
compilation of test methods. These test methods were specific
1
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D-9 on
to grades of capacitor paper formerly covered by Specification
Electrical and Electronic Insulating Materials and are the direct responsibility of
Subcommittee D09.19 on Dielectric Sheet and Roll Products.
D 1930, which has been withdrawn.
Current edition approved March 10, 1997. Published M
...
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