ASTM D4106-96

Designation: D 4106 – 96
AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS
100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
Reprinted from the Annual Book of ASTM Standards. Copyright ASTM
Standard Test Method
(Analytical Procedure) for Determining Transmissivity and
Storage Coefficient of Nonleaky Confined Aquifers by the
1
Theis Nonequilibrium Method
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 4106; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 3.1.3 control well—well by which the head and flow in the
aquifer is changed, for example, by pumping, injection, or
1.1 This test method covers an analytical procedure for
imposing a constant change of head.
determining the transmissivity and storage coefficient of a
3.1.4 drawdown—vertical distance the static head is low-
nonleaky confined aquifer. It is used to analyze data on
ered due to the removal of water.
water-level response collected during radial flow to or from a
3.1.5 head—see head, static.
well of constant discharge or injection.
3.1.6 head, static—the height above a standard datum of the
1.2 This analytical procedure is used in conjunction with the
surface of a column of water (or other liquid) that can be
field procedure given in Test Method D 4050.
supported by the static pressure at a given point.
1.3 Limitations—The limitations of this test method for
3.1.7 hydraulic conductivity (field aquifer tests)—the vol-
determination of hydraulic properties of aquifers are primarily
ume of water at the existing kinematic viscosity that will move
related to the correspondence between the field situation and
in a unit time under a unit hydraulic gradient through a unit
the simplifying assumptions of this test method (see 5.1).
area measured at right angles to the direction of flow.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
3.1.8 observation well—a well open to all or part of an
standard.
aquifer.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
3.1.9 piezometer—a device so constructed and sealed as to
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
measure hydraulic head at a point in the subsurface.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
3.1.10 specific storage—the volume of water released from
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
or taken into storage per unit volume of the porous medium per
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
unit change in head.
2. Referenced Documents
3.1.11 storage coeffıcient—the volume of water an aquifer
releases from or takes into storage per unit surface area of the
2.1 ASTM Standards:
aquifer per unit change in head. For a confined aquifer, the
D 653 Terminology Relating to Soil, Rock, and Contained
2
storage coefficient is equal to the product of the specific storage
Fluids
and aquifer thickness. For an unconfined aquifer, the storage
D 4043 Guide for Selection of Aquifer Test Method in
2
coefficient is approximately equal to the specific yield.
Determining of Hydraulic Properties by Well Techniques
3.1.12 transmissivity—the volume of water at the existing
D 4050 Test Method (Field Procedure) for Withdrawal and
kinematic viscosity that will move in a unit time under a unit
Injection Well Tests for Determining Hydraulic Properties
2
hydraulic gradient through a unit width of the aquifer.
of Aquifer Systems
3.1.13 unconfined aquifer—an aquifer that has a water
3. Terminology
table.
3.1.14 For definitions of other terms used in this test
3.1 Definitions:
method, see Terminology D 653.
3.1.1 aquifer, confined—an aquifer bounded above and
3.2 Symbols:Symbols and Dimensions:
below by confining beds and in which the static head is above
−1
3.2.1 K [LT ]—hydraulic conductivity.
the top of the aquifer.
3.2.2 K —hydraulic conductivity in the horizontal plane,
3.1.2 confining bed—a hydrogeologic unit of less perme- xy
radially from the control well.
able material bounding one or more aquifers.
3.2.3 K —hydraulic conductivity in the vertical direction.
z
3 −1
3.2.4 Q [L T ]—discharge.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D-18 on Soil
3.2.5 S [nd]—storage coefficient.
and Rock and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D18.21 on Ground Water
−1
and Vadose Zone Investigations.
3.2.6 S [L ]—specific storage.
s
2 −1
Current edition approved Oct. 10, 1996. Published June 1997. Originally
3.2.7 T [L T ]—transmissivity.
published as D 4106 – 91.
2 3.2.8 W(u) [nd]—well function of u.
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.08.
1

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D 4106
3.2.9 b [L]—thickness of aquifer.
3.2.10 r [L]—radial distance from control well.
3.2.11 s [L]—drawdown.
4. Summary of Test Method
4.1 This test method describes an analytical procedure for
an
...