ASTM F1616-95(2002)

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Designation:F1616–95 (Reapproved2002)
Standard Guide for
Scope of Performance of First Responders Who Practice in
the Wilderness or Delayed or Prolonged Transport Settings
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F 1616; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 2.2 Code of Federal Regulations:
Title 29, Part 1910.1030, Bloodborne Pathogens
1.1 This guide covers minimum performance requirements
2.3 Department of Transportation Document:
for first responders who may initially provide care for sick or
U.S. DOT HS 900-25, Course Guide, Emergency Medical
injured persons in the specialized pre-hospital situations of the
Services: First Responder Training Course, 1979
wilderness or delayed or prolonged transport settings, includ-
ing catastrophic disasters.
3. Terminology
1.2 Individuals who will operate in the wilderness or de-
3.1 Definitions:
layed or prolonged transport settings need to be aware of the
3.1.1 access—the process of reaching the patient/subject
physical requirements necessary to be able to perform all
and establishing physical contact.
identified objectives and necessary skills required for the
3.1.2 basic life support/cardiopulmonary resuscitation
setting.
(BLS/CPR)—a set of skills that includes airway management,
1.3 This guide establishes supplemental or continuing edu-
chest compressions, and others as defined by the American
cation programs that will be taught to individuals trained to the
Heart Association (AHA).
first responder level by an appropriate authority.
3.1.3 definitive care (see Terminology F 1177)—a level of
1.4 This guide does not establish performance standards for
therapeutic intervention capable of providing comprehensive
use in the traditional emergency medical services (EMS) or
health care services for a specific condition.
ambulance transportation environment.
3.1.4 evacuation (see Terminology F 1490)—the process
1.5 This guide does not establish medical protocols; nor
used between the time of extraction and transportation.
does it authorize invasive procedures without specific authori-
3.1.5 extraction (see Terminology F 1490)—the process of
zation and medical control.
initial assessment, treatment, stabilization, and packaging of
1.6 Successful completion of a course based on this guide
the patient/subject as well as removal of the patient/subject
does not constitute or imply certification or licensure.
from the immediately hazardous environment.
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the
3.1.6 first responder—an individual trained to meet the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
requirements of Guide F 1287.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
3.1.7 transportation—the use of a specially designed ve-
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
hicle to move a patient to a medical facility or definitive care
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
facility.
2. Referenced Documents 3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.2.1 delayed or prolonged transport setting—when the
2.1 ASTM Standards:
time between patient injury and arrival at a definitive care
F 1177 Terminology Relating to Emergency Medical Ser-
2 facility is greater than 60 min.
vices
3.2.2 nontraditional EMS environment—an environment
F 1287 GuideforScopeofPerformanceofFirstResponders
that is not readily accessible to a ground ambulance.
Who Provide Medical Care
3.2.3 wilderness first responder (WFR)—an individual
F 1453 Guide for the Training and Evaluation of First
trained to meet the requirements of this guide.
Responders Who Provide Emergency Medical Care
3.2.4 wilderness setting—situations in which the delivery of
F 1490 Terminology Relating to Search and Rescue
patient care by EMS providers is complicated by one or more
of the following factors: (1) remoteness with respect to
logistics and access; (2) a significant delay in the delivery of
This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F30 on Emergency
Medical Services and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F30.02 on
Personnel, Training, and Education.
Current edition approved Aug. 15, 1995. Published October 1995. Available from Standardization Documents Order Desk, Bldg. 4 Section D, 700
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 13.02. Robbins Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19111-5098, Attn: NPODS.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
F1616–95 (2002)
care to the patient; (3) an environment that is physically 5.1.4.5 Electrical and lightning injuries;
stressful to both patients and rescuers; and (4) lack of equip- 5.1.4.6 Exposure to plant or animal (for example, insect,
ment, supplies, and transportation. reptile, arachnid, and marine) toxins;
5.1.4.7 Drowning, near-drowning, and cold water immer-
4. Significance and Use
sion; and
4.1 This guide is intended to expand the scope of the
5.1.4.8 Dehydration.
practiceoffirstrespondersandimprovetheemergencymedical 5.1.5 Understand the proper disinfection of water, and
care delivered to patients in the wilderness or delayed or
identify and manage illnesses associated with improper water
prolonged transport settings. disinfection.
4.2 This guide does not suggest a particular performance
5.1.6 Identify and manage open wounds in the wilderness or
sequence. delayed or prolonged transport settings.
4.3 Individuals will be trained initially or concurrently in
5.1.7 Identify and manage orthopedic problems in the wil-
accordance with the U.S. DOT HS 900-25, Course Guide, and derness or delayed or prolonged transport settings, including
Guide F 1453.
dislocations, fractures, and open fractures.
4.4 This guide may be
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