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ASTM D6751-11b

(Specification)

Standard Specification for Biodiesel Fuel Blend Stock (B100) for Middle Distillate Fuels

Standard Specification for Biodiesel Fuel Blend Stock (B100) for Middle Distillate Fuels

ABSTRACT
This specification covers biodiesel fuel blend stock, B100, in Grades S15 and S500 for use as a blend component with middle distillate fuels. This specification prescribes the required properties of diesel fuels at the time and place of delivery. The requirements stated here may be applied at other points in the production and distribution system when provided by agreement between the purchaser and the supplier. The biodiesel specified shall be mono-alkyl esters of long chain fatty acids derived from vegetable oils and animal fats. The product shall undergo chemical analysis for flash point, methanol, water and sediment, kinematic viscosity, sulfated ash, oxidation stability, sulfur, copper strip corrosion, cetane number, cloud point, acid number, carbon residue, total and free glycerin, phosphorus, reduce pressure distillation temperature, atmospheric equivalent temperature, combined calcium and magnesium, and combined sodium and magnesium.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers biodiesel (B100) Grades S15 and S500 for use as a blend component with middle distillate fuels.
1.2 This specification prescribes the required properties of diesel fuels at the time and place of delivery. The specification requirements may be applied at other points in the production and distribution system when provided by agreement between the purchaser and the supplier.
1.3 Nothing in this specification shall preclude observance of federal, state, or local regulations which may be more restrictive.
Note 1—The generation and dissipation of static electricity can create problems in the handling of distillate fuel oils with which biodiesel may be blended. For more information on the subject, see Guide D4865.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
14-Jul-2011
ICS
75.160.20 - Liquid fuels
Technical Committee
D02 - Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants
Drafting Committee
D02.E0 - Burner, Diesel and Non-Aviation Gas Turbine Fuels
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM D6751-11a - Standard Specification for Biodiesel Fuel Blend Stock (B100) for Middle Distillate Fuels
Effective Date
15-Jul-2011
Replaced By
ASTM D6751-12 - Standard Specification for Biodiesel Fuel Blend Stock (B100) for Middle Distillate Fuels
Effective Date
01-Aug-2012
Referred By
ASTM D7619-22 - Standard Test Method for Sizing and Counting Particles in Light and Middle Distillate Fuels, by Automatic Particle Counter
Effective Date
15-Jul-2011
Referred By
ASTM D6469-20 - Standard Guide for Microbial Contamination in Fuels and Fuel Systems
Effective Date
15-Jul-2011
Referred By
ASTM D975-23 - Standard Specification for Diesel Fuel
Effective Date
15-Jul-2011
Referred By
ASTM D396-21 - Standard Specification for Fuel Oils
Effective Date
15-Jul-2011
Referred By
ASTM D7668-17 - Standard Test Method for Determination of Derived Cetane Number (DCN) of Diesel Fuel Oils—Ignition Delay and Combustion Delay Using a Constant Volume Combustion Chamber Method
Effective Date
15-Jul-2011
Referred By
ASTM D7687-23 - Standard Test Method for Measurement of Cellular Adenosine Triphosphate in Fuel and Fuel-associated Water With Sample Concentration by Filtration
Effective Date
15-Jul-2011
Referred By
ASTM D7861-14(2019) - Standard Test Method for Determination of Fatty Acid Methyl Esters (FAME) in Diesel Fuel by Linear Variable Filter (LVF) Array Based Mid-Infrared Spectroscopy
Effective Date
15-Jul-2011
Referred By
ASTM D7042-21a - Standard Test Method for Dynamic Viscosity and Density of Liquids by Stabinger Viscometer (and the Calculation of Kinematic Viscosity)
Effective Date
15-Jul-2011
Referred By
ASTM D8436-23 - Standard Specification for Fluoropolymer-based Materials for Use for Encapsulation of Downhole Cable
Effective Date
15-Jul-2011
Referred By
ASTM D7797-23 - Standard Test Method for Determination of the Fatty Acid Methyl Esters Content of Aviation Turbine Fuel Using Flow Analysis by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy—Rapid Screening Method
Effective Date
15-Jul-2011
Referred By
ASTM D7501-22 - Standard Test Method for Determination of Fuel Filter Blocking Potential of Biodiesel Fuel Blendstock (B100) by Cold Soak Filtration Test (CSFT)
Effective Date
15-Jul-2011
Referred By
ASTM D8183-22 - Standard Test Method for Determination of Indicated Cetane Number (ICN) of Diesel Fuel Oils using a Constant Volume Combustion Chamber—Reference Fuels Calibration Method
Effective Date
15-Jul-2011
Referred By
ASTM D1655-23 - Standard Specification for Aviation Turbine Fuels
Effective Date
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ASTM D6751-11b - Standard Specification for Biodiesel Fuel Blend Stock (B100) for Middle Distillate FuelsASTM D6751-11b - Standard Specification for Biodiesel Fuel Blend Stock (B100) for Middle Distillate Fuels
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REDLINE ASTM D6751-11b - Standard Specification for Biodiesel Fuel Blend Stock (B100) for Middle Distillate FuelsREDLINE ASTM D6751-11b - Standard Specification for Biodiesel Fuel Blend Stock (B100) for Middle Distillate Fuels
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REDLINE ASTM D6751-11b - Standard Specification for Biodiesel Fuel Blend Stock (B100) for Middle Distillate Fuels
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Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation:D6751 −11b
StandardSpecification for
Biodiesel Fuel Blend Stock (B100) for Middle Distillate
1
Fuels
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6751; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* D613 Test Method for Cetane Number of Diesel Fuel Oil
D664 Test Method for Acid Number of Petroleum Products
1.1 This specification covers biodiesel (B100) Grades S15
by Potentiometric Titration
and S500 for use as a blend component with middle distillate
D874 Test Method for Sulfated Ash from Lubricating Oils
fuels.
and Additives
1.2 This specification prescribes the required properties of
D974 Test Method for Acid and Base Number by Color-
diesel fuels at the time and place of delivery. The specification
Indicator Titration
requirements may be applied at other points in the production
D975 Specification for Diesel Fuel Oils
and distribution system when provided by agreement between
D976 Test Method for Calculated Cetane Index of Distillate
the purchaser and the supplier.
Fuels
1.3 Nothing in this specification shall preclude observance
D1160 Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products at
of federal, state, or local regulations which may be more
Reduced Pressure
restrictive.
D1266 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products (Lamp
NOTE 1—The generation and dissipation of static electricity can create
Method)
problems in the handling of distillate fuel oils with which biodiesel may
be blended. For more information on the subject, see Guide D4865.
D1796 Test Method for Water and Sediment in Fuel Oils by
the Centrifuge Method (Laboratory Procedure)
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
D2274 TestMethodforOxidationStabilityofDistillateFuel
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
standard. Oil (Accelerated Method)
D2500 Test Method for Cloud Point of Petroleum Products
2. Referenced Documents
D2622 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products by
2
Wavelength Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometry
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D93 Test Methods for Flash Point by Pensky-Martens D2709 Test Method for Water and Sediment in Middle
Closed Cup Tester
Distillate Fuels by Centrifuge
D130 Test Method for Corrosiveness to Copper from Petro-
D2880 Specification for Gas Turbine Fuel Oils
leum Products by Copper Strip Test
D3117 Test Method for Wax Appearance Point of Distillate
D189 Test Method for Conradson Carbon Residue of Petro-
Fuels
leum Products
D3120 Test Method for Trace Quantities of Sulfur in Light
D445 Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Transparent
Liquid Petroleum Hydrocarbons by Oxidative Microcou-
and Opaque Liquids (and Calculation of Dynamic Viscos-
lometry
ity)
D3242 Test Method for Acidity in Aviation Turbine Fuel
D524 Test Method for Ramsbottom Carbon Residue of
D3828 Test Methods for Flash Point by Small Scale Closed
Petroleum Products
Cup Tester
D4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and
Petroleum Products
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
Petroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D4177 Practice for Automatic Sampling of Petroleum and
D02.E0 on Burner, Diesel, Non-Aviation Gas Turbine, and Marine Fuels.
Petroleum Products
Current edition approved July 15, 2011. Published July 2011. Originally
D4294 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum and Petroleum
approved in 1999 as PS 121–99.Adopted as a standard in 2002 as D6751–02. Last
previous edition approved in 2011 as D6751–11a. DOI: 10.1520/D6751-11B. Products by Energy Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence Spec-
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
trometry
contactASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. ForAnnual Book ofASTM
D4530 Test Method for Determination of Carbon Residue
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. (Micro Method)
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D6751−11b
D4737 Test Method for Calculated Cetane Index by Four EN 14110 Fat and oil derivatives—Fatty acid methyl esters
7
Variable Equation (FAME)—Determination of methanol content
EN 14112 Fat and oil derivatives—Fatty acid methyl esters
D4865 Guide for Generation and Dissipation of Static Elec-
(FAME)—Determination of oxidation stability (Acceler-
tricity in Petroleum Fuel Systems
7
ated oxidation test)
D4951 Test Method for Determination ofAddit
...

This document is not anASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of anASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:D6751–11a Designation: D6751 – 11b
Standard Specification for
Biodiesel Fuel Blend Stock (B100) for Middle Distillate
1
Fuels
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6751; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope*
1.1 This specification covers biodiesel (B100) Grades S15 and S500 for use as a blend component with middle distillate fuels.
1.2 This specification prescribes the required properties of diesel fuels at the time and place of delivery. The specification
requirements may be applied at other points in the production and distribution system when provided by agreement between the
purchaser and the supplier.
1.3 Nothing in this specification shall preclude observance of federal, state, or local regulations which may be more restrictive.
NOTE 1—The generation and dissipation of static electricity can create problems in the handling of distillate fuel oils with which biodiesel may be
blended. For more information on the subject, see Guide D4865.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D93 Test Methods for Flash Point by Pensky-Martens Closed Cup Tester
D130 Test Method for Corrosiveness to Copper from Petroleum Products by Copper Strip Test
D189 Test Method for Conradson Carbon Residue of Petroleum Products
D445 Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Transparent and Opaque Liquids (and Calculation of Dynamic Viscosity)
D524 Test Method for Ramsbottom Carbon Residue of Petroleum Products
D613 Test Method for Cetane Number of Diesel Fuel Oil
D664 Test Method for Acid Number of Petroleum Products by Potentiometric Titration
D874 Test Method for Sulfated Ash from Lubricating Oils and Additives
D974 Test Method for Acid and Base Number by Color-Indicator Titration
D975 Specification for Diesel Fuel Oils
D976 Test Method for Calculated Cetane Index of Distillate Fuels
D1160 Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products at Reduced Pressure
D1266 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products (Lamp Method)
D1796 Test Method for Water and Sediment in Fuel Oils by the Centrifuge Method (Laboratory Procedure)
D2274 Test Method for Oxidation Stability of Distillate Fuel Oil (Accelerated Method)
D2500 Test Method for Cloud Point of Petroleum Products
D2622 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products by Wavelength Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometry
D2709 Test Method for Water and Sediment in Middle Distillate Fuels by Centrifuge
D2880 Specification for Gas Turbine Fuel Oils
D3117 Test Method for Wax Appearance Point of Distillate Fuels
D3120 Test Method for Trace Quantities of Sulfur in Light Liquid Petroleum Hydrocarbons by Oxidative Microcoulometry
D3242 Test Method for Acidity in Aviation Turbine Fuel
D3828 Test Methods for Flash Point by Small Scale Closed Cup Tester
D4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum Products
D4177 Practice for Automatic Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum Products
D4294 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum and Petroleum Products by Energy Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometry
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D02.E0 on
Burner, Diesel, Non-Aviation Gas Turbine, and Marine Fuels.
Current edition approved Feb.July 15, 2011. Published MarchJuly 2011. Originally approved in 1999 as PS 121–99. Adopted as a standard in 2002 as D6751–02. Last
previous edition approved in 2011 as D6751–11a. DOI: 10.1520/D6751-11AB.
2
ForreferencedASTMstandards,visittheASTMwebsite,www.astm.org,orcontactASTMCustomerServiceatservice@astm.org.ForAnnualBookofASTMStandards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D6751 – 11b
D4530 Test Method for Determination of Carbon Residue (Micro Method)
D4737 Test Method for Calculated Cetane Index by Four Variable Equation
D4865 Guide for Generation and Dissipation of Static Electricity in Petroleum
...

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T(V/L = 20) limits to ensure products of suitable volatility performance. For high ambient temperatures, a fuel with a high value of T(V/L = 20), indicating a fuel with a low tendency to vaporize, is generally specified; conversely for low ambient temperatures, a fuel with a low value of T(V/L = 20) is specified.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the temperature at which the vapor formed from a selected volume of volatile petroleum product saturated with air at 0 °C to 1 °C (32 °F to 34 °F) produces a pressure of 101.3 kPa (one atmosphere) against vacuum. This test method is applicable to samples for which the determined temperature is between 36 °C and 80 °C (97 °F and 176 °F) and the vapor-liquid ratio is between 8 to 1 and 75 to 1.
Note 1: When the vapor-liquid ratio is 20:1, the result is intended to be comparable to the results determined by Test Method D2533.
Note 2: This test method may also be applicable at pressures other than one atmosphere, but the stated precision may not apply.  
1.2 This test method is applicable to both gasoline and gasoline-oxygenate blends.  
1.2.1 Some gasoline-oxygenate blends may show a haze when cooled to 0 °C to 1 °C. If a haze is observed in 12.5, it shall be indicated in the reporting of results. The precision and bias statements for hazy samples have not been determined (see Note 12).  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard.  
1.3.1 Exception—The values given in parentheses are provided for information only.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific warnings, see Section 7 and subsection 8.1.1.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D5001-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Measurement of Lubricity of Aviation Turbine Fuels by the Ball-on-Cylinder Lubricity Evaluator (BOCLE)

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Wear due to excessive friction resulting in shortened life of engine components such as fuel pumps and fuel controls has sometimes been ascribed to lack of lubricity in an aviation fuel.  
5.2 The relationship of test results to aviation fuel system component distress due to wear has been demonstrated for some fuel/hardware combinations where boundary lubrication is a factor in the operation of the component.  
5.3 The wear scar generated in the ball-on-cylinder lubricity evaluator (BOCLE) test is sensitive to contamination of the fluids and test materials, the presence of oxygen and water in the atmosphere, and the temperature of the test. Lubricity measurements are also sensitive to trace materials acquired during sampling and storage. Containers specified in Practice D4306 shall be used.  
5.4 The BOCLE test method may not directly reflect operating conditions of engine hardware. For example, some fuels that contain a high content of certain sulfur compounds can give anomalous test results.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers assessment of the wear aspects of the boundary lubrication properties of aviation turbine fuels on rubbing steel surfaces.  
1.1.1 This test method incorporates two procedures, one using a semi-automated instrument and the second a fully automated instrument. Either of the two instruments may be used to carry out the test.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D7398-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Boiling Range Distribution of Fatty Acid Methyl Esters (FAME) in the Boiling Range from 100 °C to 615 °C by Gas Chromatography

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The boiling range distribution of FAMES provides an insight into the composition of product related to the transesterification process. This gas chromatographic determination of boiling range can be used to replace conventional distillation methods for product specification testing with the mutual agreement of interested parties.  
5.2 Biodiesel (FAMES) exhibits a boiling point rather than a distillation curve. The fatty acid chains in the raw oils and fats from which biodiesel is produced are mainly comprised of straight chain hydrocarbons with 16 to 18 carbons that have similar boiling temperatures. The atmospheric boiling point of biodiesel generally ranges from 330 °C to 357 °C. The Specification D6751 value of 360 °C max at 90 % off by Test Method D1160 was incorporated as a precaution to ensure the fuel has not been adulterated with high boiling contaminants.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the boiling range distribution of fatty acid methyl esters (FAME). This test method is applicable to FAMES (biodiesel, B100) having an initial boiling point greater than 100 °C and a final boiling point less than 615 °C at atmospheric pressure as measured by this test method.  
1.2 The test method can also be applicable to blends of diesel and biodiesel (B1 through B100), however precision for these samples types has not been evaluated.  
1.3 The test method is not applicable for analysis of petroleum containing low molecular weight components (for example naphthas, reformates, gasolines, crude oils).  
1.4 Boiling range distributions obtained by this test method are not equivalent to results from low efficiency distillation such as those obtained with Test Method D86 or D1160, especially the initial and final boiling points.  
1.5 This test method uses the principles of simulated distillation methodology. See Test Methods D2887, D6352, and D7213.  
1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D7484-23a(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Automotive Engine Oils for Valve-Train Wear Performance in Cummins ISB Medium-Duty Diesel Engine

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method was developed to assess the performance of a heavy-duty engine oil in controlling engine wear under operating conditions selected to accelerate soot production and valve-train wear in a turbocharged and aftercooled four-cycle diesel engine with sliding tappet followers equipped with exhaust gas recirculation hardware.  
5.2 The design of the engine used in this test method is representative of many, but not all, modern diesel engines. This factor, along with the accelerated operating conditions, shall be considered when extrapolating test results.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method, commonly referred to as the Cummins ISB Test, covers the utilization of a modern, 5.9 L, diesel engine equipped with exhaust gas recirculation and is used to evaluate oil performance with regard to valve-train wear.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.2.1 Exceptions—SI units are provided for all parameters except where there is no direct equivalent such as the units for screw threads, National Pipe Threads/diameters, tubing size, or where there is a sole source of supply equipment specification.  
1.2.2 See also A7.1 for clarification; it does not supersede 1.2 and 1.2.1.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. See Annex A1 for general safety precautions.  
1.4 Table of Contents:    
Section  
Scope  
1  
Referenced Documents  
2  
Terminology  
3  
Summary of Test Method  
4  
Significance and Use  
5  
Apparatus  
6  
Engine Fluids and Cleaning Solvents  
7  
Preparation of Apparatus  
8  
Engine/Stand Calibration and Non-Reference Oil Tests  
9  
Test Procedure  
10  
Calculations, Ratings, and Test Validity  
11  
Report  
12  
Precision and Bias  
13  
Annexes  
Safety Precautions  
Annex A1  
Intake Air Aftercooler  
Annex A2  
The Cummins ISB Engine Build Parts Kit  
Annex A3  
Sensor Locations and Special Hardware  
Annex A4  
External Oil System  
Annex A5  
Cummins Service Publications  
Annex A6  
Specified Units and Formats  
Annex A7  
Oil Analyses  
Annex A8  
Alternate Fuel Approval Process  
Annex A9  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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