ASTM D5306-92(2018)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
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Designation: D5306 − 92 (Reapproved 2018)
Standard Test Method for
Linear Flame Propagation Rate of Lubricating Oils and
Hydraulic Fluids
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5306; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope E691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to
Determine the Precision of a Test Method
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the linear
2.2 Military Specifications:
flame propagation rates of lubricating oils and hydraulic fluids
MIL-H-83282C Hydraulic Fluid, Fire Resistant, Synthetic
supported on the surfaces of and impregnated into ceramic
Hydrocarbon Base, Aircraft NATO Code Number H-537
fiber media. Data thus generated are to be used for the
MIL-H-46170B Amm.1, Hydraulic Fluid, Rust Inhibited,
comparison of relative flammability.
Fire Resistant, Synthetic Hydrocarbon Base
1.2 This test method should be used to measure and describe
the properties of materials, products, or assemblies in response
3. Terminology
to heat and flame under controlled laboratory conditions and
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
should not be used to describe or appraise the fire hazard or fire
3.1.1 linear flame propagation rate, n—the average quotient
risk of materials, products, or assemblies under actual fire
of the distance of flame travel and the time required for the
conditions. However, results of this test method may be used as
flame front to travel that distance.
elements of fire risk which takes into account all of the factors
that are pertinent to an assessment of the fire hazard of a
4. Summary of Test Method
particular end use.
4.1 A section of a ceramic fiber support medium (string) is
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
impregnated with the sample under specific conditions. The
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
impregnated fiber is placed on a standard support. The sample
standard.
is ignited and the time required for the flame front to propagate
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
across a measured distance is determined by use of a thermo-
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
electric system. The average propagation rate is then calculated
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
from the measured distance of flame travel and the time
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
required for the flame front to propagate over that distance.
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accor-
5. Significance and Use
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
5.1 The linear flame propagation rate of a sample is a
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
property that is relevant to the overall assessment of the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
flammability or relative ignitability of fire resistance lubricants
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
and hydraulic fluids. It is intended to be used as a bench-scale
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
test for distinguishing between the relative resistance to igni-
tion of such materials. It is not intended to be used for the
2. Referenced Documents
evaluation of the relative flammability of flammable, extremely
2.1 ASTM Standards:
flammable, or volatile fuels, solvents, or chemicals.
6. Apparatus
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of
6.1 Apparatus for measurement of linear flame propagation
Subcommittee D02.N0 on Hydraulic Fluids.
rates:
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2018. Published November 2018. Originally
approved in 1992. Last previous edition approved in 2013 as D5306 – 92 (2013).
6.1.1 Open Top Stainless Steel Box, as shown in Fig. 1.
DOI: 10.1520/D5306-92R18.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on Available from DLA Document Services, Bldg. 4, Section D, 700 Robbins
the ASTM website. Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19111-5094, https://assist.dla.mil/online/start.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D5306 − 92 (2018)
8.2 While the ceramic fiber support (string) is immersed in
the sample, carefully wrap an absorbent paper wiper around the
15 mm diameter chrome plated rod. Leave one end of the rod
uncovered by the wiper.
8.3 Remove the ceramic fiber support (string) section from
the liquid sample and attach a 50 g weight to the loop at each
end. Fix the chrome-plated rod with its absorbent paper
wrapping in a horizontal position and hang the soaked string
section with attached weights over the unwrapped section of
the rod. Press down gently on the uppermost weight to cause
the soaked string to pass over the bare rod, flexing gently as it
moves. When the lower weight has been drawn up to the rod,
reverse the process until the first weight has again been drawn
FIG. 1 Apparatus for Determination of Linear Flame Propagation
up the rod. Repeat the cycle four times to work the sample
Rates
thoroughly into the string.
8.4 Transfer the string with attached weights to the covered
portion of the chrome-plated rod. Pass the string over the
absorbent paper in the manner described in 8.3. After each
6.1.2 Recorder, stripchart, fast responses. A zero-centered
complete double cycle, lift the string from the paper, rotate it
recorder with a 65 mV range and a one-half second full-scale
through 180° as it is held taut in a vertical position and then
deflection capacity has been found to be satisfactory. A chart
replace it on a fresh area of the absorbent medium. Again pass
speed of at least 1 in. ⁄min has been used for most studies.
the string over the paper in the manner described in 8.3. Repeat
6.1.3 Differential Thermocouple Pair, 30 gauge with bare
until four double cycles have been completed.
junctions and double fiberglass wrap insulation, ISA, Type J or
Type K may be prepared from any premium grade thermo- 8.5 Place the string support and thermocouple holder in a
couple wire. draft-free hood with the ventilation turned off. Level the
6.1.4 Fume Hood, draft-free when ventilation system is not apparatus with a spirit level. Place the prepared string on the
operative. string supports. The attached weights should be left in place to
6.1.5 Weights, 50 g 6 0.01 g, with attached hooks; two provide tension in the string. Adjust the differential thermo-
required. couple junctions so that they are exactly 2 mm directly above
6.1.6 Chrome-Plated Tube or Rod, 15 mm diameter by the string. Connect the differential thermocouple pair to the
375 mm long. fast-response, zero-centered strip chart recorder.
6.1.7 Porcelain or Glass Dish, approximately 135 mL ca-
8.6 Start the recorder chart after an appropriate warm-up
pacity.
period. With an ignition source, ignite the sample on the string
near its support at one end of the apparatus. Permit the flame to
7. Materials
advance along the string past each thermocouple until it
7.1 Absorbent Paper Wipers, 375 mm by 213 mm. extinguishes itself upon reaching the opposite string support.
Stop the recorder and start the hood ventilator to exhaust the
7.2 Ceramic Fiber, twisted yarn type 390/312, 4/5, 2.72 or
combustion products of the sample. (Warning—Take extreme
type 390/312, 3/4, 2.72. Ceramic fiber size used shall be agreed
care to avoid inhalation of the combustion products as ex-
upon by supplier and consumer and shall be specified in test
tremely toxic substances are formed during the combustion of
report.
some synthetic materials, especially halogenated and
7.3 Ignition Source, any paper book matches or wooden
phosphorus-based compounds.)
kitchen matches can be used.
8.7 Measure the horizontal distance between the thermo-
couples and interval between the first thermal effects as shown
8. Procedure
in Fig. 2. From the measured interval, the chart speed of the
8.1 Tie small loops in each end of a 500 mm section of
recorder and the known horizontal distance between thermo-
ceramic fiber support (string). Place a few millilitres of the
couples in the test apparatus, calculate and report the horizontal
sample to be studied in an evaporating dish. Immerse the
linear flame propagation rate in millimetres per second. If
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D5306 − 92 (Reapproved 2013) D5306 − 92 (Reapproved 2018)
Standard Test Method for
Linear Flame Propagation Rate of Lubricating Oils and
Hydraulic Fluids
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5306; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the linear flame propagation rates of lubricating oils and hydraulic fluids
supported on the surfaces of and impregnated into ceramic fiber media. Data thus generated are to be used for the comparison of
relative flammability.
1.2 This test method should be used to measure and describe the properties of materials, products, or assemblies in response
to heat and flame under controlled laboratory conditions and should not be used to describe or appraise the fire hazard or fire risk
of materials, products, or assemblies under actual fire conditions. However, results of this test method may be used as elements
of fire risk which takes into account all of the factors that are pertinent to an assessment of the fire hazard of a particular end use.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety safety, health, and healthenvironmental practices and determine the
applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
E691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to Determine the Precision of a Test Method
2.2 Military Specifications:
MIL-H-83282C Hydraulic Fluid, Fire Resistant, Synthetic Hydrocarbon Base, Aircraft NATO Code Number H-537
MIL-H-46170B Amm.1, Hydraulic Fluid, Rust Inhibited, Fire Resistant, Synthetic Hydrocarbon Base
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.1.1 linear flame propagation rate, n—the average quotient of the distance of flame travel and the time required for the flame
front to travel that distance.
4. Summary of Test Method
4.1 A section of a ceramic fiber support medium (string) is impregnated with the sample under specific conditions. The
impregnated fiber is placed on a standard support. The sample is ignited and the time required for the flame front to propagate
across a measured distance is determined by use of a thermoelectric system. The average propagation rate is then calculated from
the measured distance of flame travel and the time required for the flame front to propagate over that distance.
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
D02.N0 on Hydraulic Fluids.
Current edition approved May 1, 2013Oct. 1, 2018. Published August 2013November 2018. Originally approved in 1992. Last previous edition approved in 20072013
as D5306 – 92 (2007).(2013). DOI: 10.1520/D5306-92R13.10.1520/D5306-92R18.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Available from DLA Document Services, Bldg. 4, Section D, 700 Robbins Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19111-5094, https://assist.dla.mil/online/start.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D5306 − 92 (2018)
5. Significance and Use
5.1 The linear flame propagation rate of a sample is a property that is relevant to the overall assessment of the flammability or
relative ignitability of fire resistance lubricants and hydraulic fluids. It is intended to be used as a bench-scale test for distinguishing
between the relative resistance to ignition of such materials. It is not intended to be used for the evaluation of the relative
flammability of flammable, extremely flammable, or volatile fuels, solvents, or chemicals.
6. Apparatus
6.1 Apparatus for measurement of linear flame propagation rates:
FIG. 1 Apparatus for Determination of Linear Flame Propagation Rates
6.1.1 Open Top Stainless Steel Box, as shown in Fig. 1.
6.1.2 Recorder, stripchart, fast responses. A zero-centered recorder with a 65 mV range and a one-half second full-scale
deflection capacity has been found to be satisfactory. A chart speed of at least 1 in. ⁄min has been used for most studies.
6.1.3 Differential Thermocouple Pair, 30 gauge with bare junctions and double fiberglass wrap insulation, ISA, Type J or Type
K may be prepared from any premium grade thermocouple wire.
6.1.4 Fume Hood, draft-free when ventilation system is not operative.
6.1.5 Weights, 50 g 6 0.01 g, with attached hooks; two required.
6.1.6 Chrome-Plated Tube or Rod, 15 mm diameter by 375 mm long.
6.1.7 Porcelain or Glass Dish, approximately 135 mL capacity.
7. Materials
7.1 Absorbent Paper Wipers, 375 mm by 213 mm.
7.2 Ceramic Fiber, twisted yarn type 390/312, 4/5, 2.72 or type 390/312, 3/4, 2.72. Ceramic fiber size used shall be agreed upon
by supplier and consumer and shall be specified in test report.
7.3 Ignition Source, any paper book matches or wooden kitchen matches can be used.
8. Procedure
8.1 Tie small loops in each end of a 500 mm section of ceramic fiber support (string). Place a few millilitres of the sample to
be studied in an evaporating dish. Immerse the ceramic fiber support (string) in the liquid sample for 60 s. Avoid immersion of
the loops at the end of the string.
8.2 While the ceramic fiber support (string) is immersed in the sample, carefully wrap an absorbent paper wiper around the
15 mm diameter chrome plated rod. Leave one end of the rod uncovered by the wiper.
8.3 Remove the ceramic fiber support (string) section from the liquid sample and attach a 50 g weight to the loop at each end.
Fix the chrome-plated rod with its absorbent paper wrapping in a horizontal position and hang the soaked string section with
attached weights over the unwrapped section of the rod. Press down gently on the uppermost weight to cause the soaked string
to pass over the bare rod, flexing gently as it moves. When the lower weight has been drawn up to the rod, reverse the process
until the first weight has again been drawn up the rod. Repeat the cycle four times to work the sample thoroughly into the string.
The sole source of supply of the ceramic fiber known to the committee at this time is Nextel Ceramic Fiber, manufactured by the 3M Company, 219-1-1, 3M Center,
St. Paul, MN 55144. If you are aware of alternative suppliers, please provide this information to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful
consideration at a meeting of the responsible technical committee, which you may attend.
D5306 − 92 (2018)
8.4 Transfer the string with attached weights to the covered portion of the chrome-plated rod. Pass the string over the absorbent
paper in the manner described in 8.3. After each complete double cycle, lift the string from the paper, rotate it through 180° as
it is held taut in a vertical position and then replace it on a fresh area of the absorbent medium. Again pass the string over the paper
in the manner described in 8.3. Repeat until four double cycles have been completed.
8.5 Place the string support and thermocouple holder in a draft-free hood with the ventilation turned off. Level the apparatus
with a spirit level. Place the prepared string on the string supports. The attached weights should be left in place to provide tension
in the string. Adjust the differential thermocouple junctions so that they are exactly 2 mm directly above the string. Connect the
differential thermocouple pair to the fast-response, zero-centered strip chart recorder.
8.6 Start the recorder chart after an appropriate warm-up period. With an ignition source, ignite the sample on the string near
its support at one end of the apparatus. Permit the flame to advance along th
...