ASTM D5306-92(2013)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
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Designation: D5306 − 92 (Reapproved 2013)
Standard Test Method for
Linear Flame Propagation Rate of Lubricating Oils and
Hydraulic Fluids
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5306; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope MIL-H-46170B Amm.1, Hydraulic Fluid, Rust Inhibited,
Fire Resistant, Synthetic Hydrocarbon Base
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the linear
flame propagation rates of lubricating oils and hydraulic fluids
3. Terminology
supported on the surfaces of and impregnated into ceramic
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
fiber media. Data thus generated are to be used for the
3.1.1 linear flame propagation rate, n—the average quotient
comparison of relative flammability.
of the distance of flame travel and the time required for the
1.2 Thistestmethodshouldbeusedtomeasureanddescribe
flame front to travel that distance.
the properties of materials, products, or assemblies in response
4. Summary of Test Method
to heat and flame under controlled laboratory conditions and
shouldnotbeusedtodescribeorappraisethefirehazardorfire
4.1 A section of a ceramic fiber support medium (string) is
risk of materials, products, or assemblies under actual fire
impregnated with the sample under specific conditions. The
conditions.However,resultsofthistestmethodmaybeusedas
impregnated fiber is placed on a standard support. The sample
elements of fire risk which takes into account all of the factors
is ignited and the time required for the flame front to propagate
that are pertinent to an assessment of the fire hazard of a
across a measured distance is determined by use of a thermo-
particular end use.
electricsystem.Theaveragepropagationrateisthencalculated
from the measured distance of flame travel and the time
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
required for the flame front to propagate over that distance.
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
standard.
5. Significance and Use
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
5.1 The linear flame propagation rate of a sample is a
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
property that is relevant to the overall assessment of the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
flammability or relative ignitability of fire resistance lubricants
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
and hydraulic fluids. It is intended to be used as a bench-scale
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
test for distinguishing between the relative resistance to igni-
2. Referenced Documents
tion of such materials. It is not intended to be used for the
evaluationoftherelativeflammabilityofflammable,extremely
2.1 ASTM Standards:
flammable, or volatile fuels, solvents, or chemicals.
E691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to
Determine the Precision of a Test Method
6. Apparatus
2.2 Military Specifications:
6.1 Apparatus for measurement of linear flame propagation
MIL-H-83282C Hydraulic Fluid, Fire Resistant, Synthetic
rates:
Hydrocarbon Base, Aircraft NATO Code Number H-537
6.1.1 Open Top Stainless Steel Box, as shown in Fig. 1.
6.1.2 Recorder, stripchart, fast responses. A zero-centered
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
recorder with a 65 mV range and a one-half second full-scale
Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of
Subcommittee D02.N0 on Hydraulic Fluids.
deflection capacity has been found to be satisfactory. A chart
Current edition approved May 1, 2013. Published August 2013. Originally
speed of at least 1 in.⁄min has been used for most studies.
approved in 1992. Last previous edition approved in 2007 as D5306 – 92 (2007).
6.1.3 Differential Thermocouple Pair, 30 gauge with bare
DOI: 10.1520/D5306-92R13.
junctions and double fiberglass wrap insulation, ISA, Type J or
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Type K may be prepared from any premium grade thermo-
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
couple wire.
the ASTM website.
3 6.1.4 Fume Hood, draft-free when ventilation system is not
Available from DLA Document Services, Bldg. 4, Section D, 700 Robbins
Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19111-5094, https://assist.dla.mil/online/start. operative.
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D5306 − 92 (2013)
reverse the process until the first weight has again been drawn
up the rod. Repeat the cycle four times to work the sample
thoroughly into the string.
8.4 Transfer the string with attached weights to the covered
portion of the chrome-plated rod. Pass the string over the
absorbent paper in the manner described in 8.3. After each
complete double cycle, lift the string from the paper, rotate it
through 180° as it is held taut in a vertical position and then
replace it on a fresh area of the absorbent medium.Again pass
thestringoverthepaperinthemannerdescribedin8.3.Repeat
until four double cycles have been completed.
8.5 Place the string support and thermocouple holder in a
draft-free hood with the ventilation turned off. Level the
FIG. 1 Apparatus for Determination of Linear Flame Propagation
apparatus with a spirit level. Place the prepared string on the
Rates
string supports. The attached weights should be left in place to
provide tension in the string. Adjust the differential thermo-
couple junctions so that they are exactly 2 mm directly above
6.1.5 Weights, 50 g 6 0.01 g, with attached hooks; two
the string. Connect the differential thermocouple pair to the
required.
fast-response, zero-centered strip chart recorder.
6.1.6 Chrome-Plated Tube or Rod, 15 mm diameter by
375 mm long.
8.6 Start the recorder chart after an appropriate warm-up
6.1.7 Porcelain or Glass Dish, approximately 135 mL ca-
period. With an ignition source, ignite the sample on the string
pacity.
near its support at one end of the apparatus. Permit the flame to
advance along the string past each thermocouple until it
7. Materials
extinguishes itself upon reaching the opposite string support.
7.1 Absorbent Paper Wipers, 375 mm by 213 mm.
Stop the recorder and start the hood ventilator to exhaust the
combustion products of the sample. (Warning—Take extreme
7.2 Ceramic Fiber, twisted yarn type 390/312, 4/5, 2.72 or
care to avoid inhalation of the combustion products as ex-
type390/312,3/4,2.72.Ceramicfibersizeusedshallbeagreed
tremely toxic substances are formed during the combustion of
upon by supplier and consumer and shall be specified in test
some synthetic materials, especially halogenated and
report.
phosphorus-based compounds.)
7.3 Ignition Source, any paper book matches or wooden
8.7 Measure the horizontal distance between the thermo-
kitchen matches can be used.
couples and interval between the first thermal effects as shown
8. Procedure in Fig. 2. From the measured interval, the chart speed of the
recorder and the known horizontal distance between thermo-
8.1 Tie small loops in each end of a 500 mm section of
couplesinthetestapparatus,calculateandreportthehorizontal
ceramic fiber support (string). Place a few millilitres of the
linear flame propagation rate in millimetres per second. If the
sample to be studied in an evaporating dish. Immerse the
flame does not advance during the experimental run, or if it
ceramic fiber support (string) in the liquid sample for 60 s.
extinguishes itself before passing both thermocouples, record
Avoid immersion of the loops at the end of the string.
that fact. Replicate runs shall be made as required.
8.2 While the ceramic fiber support (string) is immersed in
thesample,carefullywrapanabsorbentpaperwiperaroundthe
15 mm diameter chrome plated rod. Leave one end of the rod
uncovered by the wiper.
8.3 Remove the ceramic fiber support (string) section from
the liquid sample and attach a 50 g weight to the loop at each
end. Fix the chrome-plated rod with its absorbent paper
wrapping in a horizontal position and hang the soaked string
section with attached weights over the unwrapped section of
the rod. Press down gently on the uppermost weight to cause
the s
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