ASTM D7647-24
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Automatic Particle Counting of Lubricating and Hydraulic Fluids Using Dilution Techniques to Eliminate the Contribution of Water and Interfering Soft Particles by Light Extinction
Standard Test Method for Automatic Particle Counting of Lubricating and Hydraulic Fluids Using Dilution Techniques to Eliminate the Contribution of Water and Interfering Soft Particles by Light Extinction
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method is intended for use in analytical laboratories including onsite in-service oil analysis laboratories.
5.2 Hard particles in lubricating or fluid power systems have a detrimental effect on the system as they cause operating components to wear and also accelerate the degradation of the oil. Hard particles in the oil originate from a variety of sources including generation from within an operating fluid system or contamination, which may occur during the storage and handling of new oils or via ingress into an operating fluid system.
5.3 High levels of contaminants can cause filter blockages and hard particles can have a serious impact on the life of pumps, pistons, gears, bearings, and other moving parts by accelerating wear and erosion.
5.4 Particle count results can be used to aid in assessing the capability of the filtration system responsible for cleaning the fluid, determining if off-line recirculating filtration is needed to clean up the fluid system, or aiding in the decision of whether or not a fluid change is required.
5.5 To accurately measure hard particle contamination levels, it is necessary to negate the particle counts contributed by the presence of small levels of free water. This method includes a process by which this can be accomplished using a water-masking diluent technique whereby water droplets of a size below the target level are finely distributed.
5.6 Certain additives or additive by-products that are semi-insoluble or insoluble in oil, namely the polydimethylsiloxane defoamant additive and oxidation by-products, are known to cause light scattering in automatic particle counters, which in turn causes falsely high counts. These and similar materials are commonly termed “soft particles” (see 3.2.4) and are not known to directly increase wear and erosion within an operating system. The contribution of these particles to the particle size cumulative count is negated with this method.
5.7 The use of dilution i...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of particle concentration and particle size distribution in new and in-service oils used for lubrication and hydraulic purposes.
1.2 Particles considered are in the range from 4 µm (c) to 200 µm (c) with the upper limit being dependent on the specific automatic particle counter being used.
Note 1: For the purpose of this test method, water droplets not masked by the diluent procedure are detected as particles, and agglomerated particles are detected and reported as a single larger particle.
Note 2: The subscript (c) is used to denote that the apparatus has been calibrated in accordance with ISO 11171. This subscript (c) strictly only applies to particles up to 50 µm.
1.3 Lubricants that can be analyzed by this test method are categorized as petroleum products or synthetic based products, such as: polyalpha olefin, polyalkylene glycol, or phosphate ester. Applicable viscosity range is up to 1000 mm2/s at 40 °C. This procedure may be appropriate for other petroleum and synthetic based lubricants not included in the precision statement.
1.4 Samples containing visible particles may not be suitable for analysis using this test method.
1.5 Samples that are opaque after dilution are not suitable for analysis using this test method.
1.6 The test method is specific to automatic particle counters that use the light extinction principle and are calibrated according to the latest revision of ISO 11171.
1.7 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.9 This international standard was d...
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This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D7647 − 24
Standard Test Method for
Automatic Particle Counting of Lubricating and Hydraulic
Fluids Using Dilution Techniques to Eliminate the
Contribution of Water and Interfering Soft Particles by Light
1
Extinction
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7647; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* 1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
1.1 This test method covers the determination of particle
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
concentration and particle size distribution in new and in-
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
service oils used for lubrication and hydraulic purposes.
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.2 Particles considered are in the range from 4 μm to
1.9 This international standard was developed in accor-
(c)
200 μm with the upper limit being dependent on the specific
(c) dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
automatic particle counter being used.
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
NOTE 1—For the purpose of this test method, water droplets not masked
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
by the diluent procedure are detected as particles, and agglomerated
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
particles are detected and reported as a single larger particle.
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
NOTE 2—The subscript is used to denote that the apparatus has been
(c)
calibrated in accordance with ISO 11171. This subscript strictly only
(c)
applies to particles up to 50 μm. 2. Referenced Documents
2
1.3 Lubricants that can be analyzed by this test method are 2.1 ASTM Standards:
D4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and
categorized as petroleum products or synthetic based products,
such as: polyalpha olefin, polyalkylene glycol, or phosphate Petroleum Products
2
D4175 Terminology Relating to Petroleum Products, Liquid
ester. Applicable viscosity range is up to 1000 mm /s at 40 °C.
This procedure may be appropriate for other petroleum and Fuels, and Lubricants
D4177 Practice for Automatic Sampling of Petroleum and
synthetic based lubricants not included in the precision state-
ment. Petroleum Products
D6786 Test Method for Particle Count in Mineral Insulating
1.4 Samples containing visible particles may not be suitable
Oil Using Automatic Optical Particle Counters
for analysis using this test method.
3
2.2 ISO Standards:
1.5 Samples that are opaque after dilution are not suitable
ISO 3722 Hydraulic fluid power—Fluid sample
for analysis using this test method.
containers—Qualifying and controlling cleaning methods
1.6 The test method is specific to automatic particle coun- ISO 4406 Hydraulic fluid power—Fluids—Method for cod-
ters that use the light extinction principle and are calibrated ing level of contamination by solid particles
according to the latest revision of ISO 11171. ISO 11171 Hydraulic fluid power—Calibration of automatic
particle counters for liquids
1.7 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
3. Terminology
standard.
3.1 Definitions:
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
2
Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Subcommittee D02.96.05 on In-Service Lubricants Particle Counting Practices and contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Techniques. Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
Current edition approved Feb. 1, 2024. Published February 2024. Originally the ASTM website.
3
approved in 2010. Last previous edition approved in 2018 as D7647 – 10 (2018). Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,
DOI: 10.1520/D7647-24. 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http://www.ansi.org.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D7647 − 24
3.1.1 For definitions of terms used in this test method, refer 4. Summary of Test Method
to
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D7647 − 10 (Reapproved 2018) D7647 − 24
Standard Test Method for
Automatic Particle Counting of Lubricating and Hydraulic
Fluids Using Dilution Techniques to Eliminate the
Contribution of Water and Interfering Soft Particles by Light
1
Extinction
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7647; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope Scope*
1.1 This test method covers the determination of particle concentration and particle size distribution in new and in-service oils
used for lubrication and hydraulic purposes.
1.2 Particles considered are in the range from 4 μm to 200 μm with the upper limit being dependent on the specific automatic
(c) (c)
particle counter being used.
NOTE 1—For the purpose of this test method, water droplets not masked by the diluent procedure are detected as particles, and agglomerated particles
are detected and reported as a single larger particle.
NOTE 2—The subscript is used to denote that the apparatus has been calibrated in accordance with ISO 11171. This subscript strictly only applies
(c) (c)
to particles up to 50 μm.
1.3 Lubricants that can be analyzed by this test method are categorized as petroleum products or synthetic based products, such
2
as: polyalpha olefin, polyalkylene glycol, or phosphate ester. Applicable viscosity range is up to 1000 mm /s at 40 °C. This
procedure may be appropriate for other petroleum and synthetic based lubricants not included in the precision statement.
1.4 Samples containing visible particles may not be suitable for analysis using this test method.
1.5 Samples that are opaque after dilution are not suitable for analysis using this test method.
1.6 The test method is specific to automatic particle counters that use the light extinction principle and are calibrated according
to the latest revision of ISO 11171.
1.7 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of
regulatory limitations prior to use.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
D02.96.05 on In-Service Lubricants Particle Counting Practices and Techniques.
Current edition approved April 1, 2018Feb. 1, 2024. Published May 2018February 2024. Originally approved in 2010. Last previous edition approved in 20102018 as
D7647 – 10.D7647 – 10 (2018). DOI: 10.1520/D7647-10R18. 10.1520/D7647-24.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D7647 − 24
1.9 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum Products
D4175 Terminology Relating to Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants
D4177 Practice for Automatic Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum Products
D6786 Test Method for Particle Count in Mineral Insulating Oil Using Automatic Optical Particle Counters
3
2.2 ISO Standards:
ISO 3722 Hydraulic fluid power—Fluid sample containers—Qualifying and controlling cleaning methods
ISO 4406 Hydraulic fluid power—Fluids—Method for coding level of contamination by solid particles
ISO 11171 Hydraulic fluid power—Calibration of automatic particle counters for liquids
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 For definitions of terms used in this test method, refer to Terminology D4175.
3.1.2 free water, n—water in excess of that soluble in the sample and appearing in the sample as a haze or cloudiness, as droplets,
or as a separated phase or layer.
3.1.3 soot-in-oil, n
...
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