ASTM F1642/F1642M-17

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it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
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Designation: F1642 − 12 F1642/F1642M − 17
Standard Test Method for
Glazing and Glazing Systems Subject to Airblast Loadings
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F1642;F1642/F1642M; the number immediately following the designation indicates
the year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last
reapproval. A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
INTRODUCTION
Historical records show that fragments from glazing that hashave failed as the result of intentional
or accidental explosions present a serious threat of personal injury. Glazing failure also allows blast
pressure to enter the interior of buildings thus resulting in additional threat of personal injury and
facility damage. These risks increase in direct proportion to the amount of glazing used on the building
facade. This test method addresses only glazing and glazing systems. It assumes that the designer has
verified that other structural elements have been adequately designed to resist the anticipated airblast
pressures.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method sets forth procedures for the evaluation of hazards of glazing or glazing systems against airblast loadings.
The specifying authority shall provide the airblast loading parameters. Glazing systems shall be as defined in Specification F2912.
1.2 The data obtained from testing under this method shall be used to determine the glazing, glazing system, or glazing retrofit
system hazard rating using Specification F2912.
1.3 This test method allows for glazing to be tested and rated with or without framing systems.
1.4 This test method is designed to test and rate all glazing, glazing systems, and glazing retrofit systems including, but not
limited to, those fabricated from glass, plastic, glass-clad plastics, laminated glass, glass/plastic glazing materials, and film-backed
glass.organic coated glass, and other glazing retrofit systems not directly attached to the glazing or glazing system such as blast
curtains, cables, shades, and architectural mesh.
1.5 Units—The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. Values given in
parentheses are for information only. separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents;
therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in
nonconformance with the standard. For conversion of quantities in various systems of measurements to SI units, see Specification
E699.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use. See Section 7 for specific hazards statements.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
E699 Specification for Agencies Involved in Testing, Quality Assurance, and Evaluating of Manufactured Building Components
E997 Test Method for Evaluating Glass Breakage Probability Under the Influence of Uniform Static Loads by Proof Load
Testing
F2912 Specification for Glazing and Glazing Systems Subject to Airblast Loadings
2.2 ISO Standard:
ISO/IEC International Standard 17025 General Requirements for the Competence of Testing and Calibration Laboratories
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F12 on Security Systems and Equipmentand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F12.10 on
Systems Products and Services.
Current edition approved Nov. 15, 2012March 1, 2017. Published January 2013March 2017. Originally approved in 1995. Last previous edition approved in 20102012
as F1642 – 04F1642 – 12.(2010). DOI: 10.1520/F1642-12.10.1520/F1642_F1642M-17.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
F1642/F1642M − 17
2.3 ANSI Standard:
SI 10 American National Standard for Use of the International System of Units (SI): The Modern Metric System
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 airblast pressure—pressure, n—the pressure pressure increase that a surface experiences due to the detonation of a high
an explosive charge.
3.1.1.1 Discussion—
The airblast pressure history, as measured at a point on the surface, consists of two separate phases. The positive phase is
characterized by a nearly instantaneous rise to a maximum pressure followed by an exponential decay to ambient pressure. In the
negative phase, which follows immediately the positive phase, the pressure decreases below ambient for a period of time before
returning to ambient.
3.1.2 ambient temperature—temperature, n—24 6 11°C (75[75 6 20°F).20°F].
3.1.3 blast mat—mat, n—a steel or concrete pad upon which high that an explosive may be detonated to reduce the incidence
of ejecta.
3.1.4 effective positive phase duration (T)—duration, T, n—the duration of an idealized triangular positive phase reflected
airblast pressure history, having an instantaneous rise to the measured P, with a linear decay to ambient, such that the impulse of
the idealized pressure history equals i of the measured positive phase reflected airblast history.
3.1.4.1 Discussion—
The idealized triangular airblast wave is considered to provide a reliable standard measure of the positive phase airblast intensity.
3.1.5 hazard level—level, n—rating assigned to the performance of the glazing system based on the amount and location of
integral materials expelled from the system under specific blast conditions of the test.
3.1.6 peak positive pressure (P)—pressure, P, n—the maximum measured positive phase airblast pressure, kPa.
3.1.7 positive phase impulse (i)—impulse, i, n—the integral of the measured positive phase reflected airblast pressure history,
kPa-ms (psi-ms)[psi-ms] (more correctly called the specific positive phase impulse).
3.1.8 simply supported glazing—glazing, n—glazing supported in accordance with Test Method E997 with the edges of the glass
extending a minimum of 3-mm (0.125-in.) 3 mm [0.125 in.] beyond the neoprene supports.
3.1.9 test director—director, n—the individual identified by the independent testing laboratory as being responsible to complete
the specified tests as required and to document the results,results in accordance with this test method.
4. Summary of Test Method
4.1 4.1 This test method prescribes the apparatus, procedures, specimens, and other requirements necessary to execute a
physical test for the purpose of determining the hazard rating for a single test specimen, in accordance with Specification F2912,
of a glazing or glazing system subjected to an airblast loading.
5. Significance and Use
5.1 This test method provides a structured procedure to establish the hazard rating of glazing, glazing systems, and glazing
retrofit systems subjected to an airblast loading. Knowing the hazard rating provides the ability to assess the risk of personal injury
and facility damage.
5.2 The hazard rating for a glazing or glazing material does not imply that a single specimen will resist the specific airblast for
which it is rated with a probability of 1.0. The probability that a single glazing or glazing construction specimen will resist the
specific airblast for which it is rated increases proportionally with the number of test specimens that successfully resist the given
level of airblast to the hazard level for which it is rated.
6. Apparatus
6.1 Test Facility—Test facilities shall be accredited for this method to the requirements of ISO/IEC 17025 or qualified according
to PracticeSpecification E699. The test facility shall consist of either a shock tube or an open-air arena from which the airblast
loading is generated. The test facility shall also consist of a test frame and witness area as described below. in the following. The
test director shall ensure that potential environmental impact issues are determined and resolved prior to before testing. The test
director shall ensure that testing is conducted with inboard and outboard surfaces of the test specimen at ambient temperature in
accordance with 3.1.13.1.2.
F1642/F1642M − 17
6.2 Airblast Load—Either a shock tube or a high an explosive charge shall be used to generate the desired peak pressure and
the positive phase impulse on the test specimen. If an explosive charge is used, the charge shall be hemispherical and detonated
either at ground level or elevated by placing the explosive on a table. Elevation of the base of the explosive shall be between 60
cm (24 in.) and 120 cm (48 in.) [24 and 48 in.] above the ground where the explosive will be detonated. Other explosive charge
configurations can be used. The effects of using other explosive charge configurations must be accounted for and documented. See
Annex A1 for information to be used in calculating pressures, impulses, and durations,durations and for accounting for different
types of explosives. Note that the procedures in Annex A1 account for loading from a hemispherical charge imparting load on a
large facade and do not address the issues of clearing or other explosive charge shapes.
6.3 Blast Mat—If there is a possibility of crater ejecta interfering with the test, the explosive charge shall be placed on a blast
mat. The decision to use a blast mat shall be at the discretion of the test director.
6.4 Test Frame—A test frame suitable for supporting glazing or glazing systems shall be part of the test facility. Glazing tested
without a specific framing system shall be, as a minimum, supported in a simple support subframe that is attached to the test frame.
At the request of a test sponsor, other subframe support conditions may be used. If a glazing system is tested, the glazing system
shall be mounted to the test frame in a manner that closely models the manner in which it will be mounted in the field. The test
frame shall be capable of resisting the airblast loads with deflections that do not exceed L/360 along lines of support for the simple
support subframe or the glazing system. The area immediately behind the test specimens shall be designated as the witness area.
For arena testing, the witness area shall be enclosed to prevent airblast pressure from wrapping behind the test specimens,
specimens and shall be designed to resist the wrap around pressures.
6.5 Simple Support Subframe—A subframe, attachable to the test frame, to support glazing in accordance with Test Method
E997.
6.6 Witness Area—The witness area shall have the following dimensions. The floor shall be 500 6 50 mm (20[20 6 2 in.)in.]
below the subframe opening used to receive the glazing or glazing system, unless the specifying authority dictates that the glazing
or glazing system shall be tested per its position in a building. The ceiling shall be a minimum of 10 cm (4 in.)[4 in.] from the
top of the subframe opening used to receive the glazing or glazing system. The sides shall be a minimum of 10 cm (4 in.)[4 in.]
from the subframe opening used to receive the glazing or glazing system. The back wall of the witness area shall be 3.0 6 0.15
m (120[120 6 6 in.)in.] from the interior glazing face of the specimen. See Fig. 1 for a cross section through the witness area.
Refer to Specification F2912 for discussion on hazard zones shown in Fig. 1.
6.6.1 Discussion—For doors, curtain wall, storefront or window wall systems that may span slab to slab, the witness area shall
include a floor at the specified finished floor level for each level. And, the back wall of the witness area shall be 3.0 6 0.15 m (120
6 6 in.) from the most interior glazing face of the specimen at all levels.
NOTE 1—For doors, curtain wall, storefront, or window wall systems that may span slab to slab, the witness area shall include a floor at the specified
finished floor level for each level. And, the back wall of the witness area shall be 3.0 6 0.15 m [120 6 6 in.] from the most interior glazing face of the
specimen at all levels.
6.7 Instrumentation:
FIG. 1 Cross-Section Cross Section Through Witness Area
F1642/F1642M − 17
6.7.1 Pressure Transducers—The airblast pressure transducer shall be capable of defining the anticipated airblast pressure
history within the linear range of the transducer. The transducers shall have a rise/response time and resolution sufficient to capture
the complete event. Limited low frequency response transducers shall have a discharge time constant equal to approximately 30
to 50 times the initial positive phase duration of the anticipated airblast pressure history.
6.7.2 Data Acquisition System (DAS)—The DAS shall consist of either an analog or digital recording system with a sufficient
number of channels to accommodate the pressure transducers and any other electronic measuring devices. The DAS mustshall
operate at a sufficiently high frequency to record reliably the peak positive pressure. The DAS shall also incorporate filters to
preclude alias frequency effects from the data.
6.7.3 Photographic Equipment—Photographic equipment shall be available to document the test.
6.7.4 Temperature Measuring Device (TMD)—A TMD shall be used to accurately measure glazing surface temperatures.
6.7.5 Witness Panels—A witness panel for glazing or glazing systems being tested shall be mounted parallel to and at a distance
no greater than 3.0 6 0.15 m (120[120 6 6 in.)in.] from the interior face of the specimens. The witness panel shall cover the entire
back wall of the witness area and shall consist of two layers of material. The witness panel shall consist of a rear layer of 25-mm
3 3 3 3
(1-in.) 25 mm [1 in.] extruded Styrofoam with a density of 28.0 kg/m24.8 (1.8 lb/ft ) to 32.0 kg/m (2.0 [1.855 to 2.0 lb/ft )]
and a front layer consisting of 12.5-mm (0.5-in.) 12.5 mm [0.5 in.] rigid foam plastic thermal insulation board composed of
polyisocyanurate foam bonded to a durable white-matte non-glare aluminum facer and a reflective reinforced aluminum facer. The
reflective surface shall be placed toward the window glazing. The insulation board shall have a density of 32.0 kg/m (2.0[2.0
lb/ft ).]. The reflective reinforced facer shall be 0.008-cm (0.003-in.) 0.008 cm [0.003 in.] thick and shall be reinforced through
lamination to Kraft paper. To accommodate high-speed photography, a hole no greater than 10 by 10 cm (4[4 by 4 in.)in.] may
be made in the upper or lower one-ninth quadrants of the witness panel.
6.7.6 Other instrumentation such as deflection measuring devices can also be used if requested by the specifying authority.
7. Hazards
7.1 Storage, handling, and detonation of high explosive material or the operation of a shock tube shall be conducted in
accordance with applicable state and federal statutes and regulations by experienced professionals qualified by a U.S.an appropriate
government agency to handle explosives.
7.2 The operation of a shock tube shall be conducted by experienced personnel regularly engaged in the operation of the
equipment.
8. Specimens
8.1 The test sponsor shall provide the test specimens. In addition, the test sponsor shall provide complete specimen
documentation, to include, but not be limited to, drawings and material specifications. In addition, strength certifications for each
component used in the load path of the glazing product shall be provided.
8.2 The test director shall ensure that the test specimens are handled and stored in compliance with manufacturer’s instructions.
8.3 Each specimen shall be marked indelibly with the manufacturer’s model and serial numbers and the date of manufacture.
8.4 Each specimen shall be marked clearly to indicate its proper orientation to the explosive charge.
8.5 Glazing systems shall be installed p
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