ASTM C198-09
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Cold Bonding Strength of Refractory Mortar
Standard Test Method for Cold Bonding Strength of Refractory Mortar
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
The data developed by this test method show the bonding strength and intrinsic strength of different qualities of air-setting mortar. The procedures described in this test method measure the bonding strength and intrinsic strength of air-setting mortars when used with specific brands or lots of refractory brick.
Note that it is possible to obtain results with these methods for brick and mortar combinations which are incompatible for use at high operating temperatures. The user must determine this compatibility. Only brick and mortar combinations known or intended to be compatible for a particular use should be tested.
Properties of the brick, including its strength, apparent porosity, and pore size distribution, can affect the measurement of both the bonding strength of the brick-mortar composite and the intrinsic strength of the mortar. The average modulus of rupture of the test brick, as determined by Test Method C133, should exceed that expected for the mortar being tested. The testing of specific brands or lots of brick and mortar is preferred.
Three modes of failure are available: the break may occur within the brick itself, at the brick-mortar interface, or within the mortar itself. The latter provides a practical measurement of the strength of the mortar itself and is the predominant mode of failure with the four-point flexure test described. The three-point flexure test measures the failure strength of the brick-mortar composite. Failure within the brick itself suggests that either the particular brick contained a serious flaw, or that the mortar joint strength is of the same magnitude or greater than that of the refractory brick. The mode of failure should always be reported in the final report.
A ruggedness test for this test method performed in 1985 found the following variables to be rugged: specimen size (2.5 to 3.0 in.), mortared surface (cut versus uncut), joint thickness (1/16 to 1/8 in.), pulling of rods (fast versus slow), the loading rate ...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the bonding strength of air-setting refractory mortar by determining the flexural strength (modulus of rupture) at room temperature of oven-dried brick-mortar joints.
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation: C198 − 09
StandardTest Method for
1
Cold Bonding Strength of Refractory Mortar
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C198; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope measure the bonding strength and intrinsic strength of air-
setting mortars when used with specific brands or lots of
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the bond-
refractory brick.
ing strength of air-setting refractory mortar by determining the
flexural strength (modulus of rupture) at room temperature of 3.2 Note that it is possible to obtain results with these
oven-dried brick-mortar joints. methods for brick and mortar combinations which are incom-
patible for use at high operating temperatures. The user must
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
determine this compatibility. Only brick and mortar combina-
as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
tions known or intended to be compatible for a particular use
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only
should be tested.
and are not considered standard.
3.3 Properties of the brick, including its strength, apparent
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
porosity, and pore size distribution, can affect the measurement
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
of both the bonding strength of the brick-mortar composite and
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
the intrinsic strength of the mortar. The average modulus of
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
rupture of the test brick, as determined by Test Method C133,
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
should exceed that expected for the mortar being tested. The
testing of specific brands or lots of brick and mortar is
2. Referenced Documents
2 preferred.
2.1 ASTM Standards:
3.4 Three modes of failure are available: the break may
C78 Test Method for Flexural Strength of Concrete (Using
occur within the brick itself, at the brick-mortar interface, or
Simple Beam with Third-Point Loading)
within the mortar itself. The latter provides a practical mea-
C133 Test Methods for Cold Crushing Strength and Modu-
surement of the strength of the mortar itself and is the
lus of Rupture of Refractories
predominant mode of failure with the four-point flexure test
C651 Test Method for Flexural Strength of Manufactured
described. The three-point flexure test measures the failure
CarbonandGraphiteArticlesUsingFour-PointLoadingat
strengthofthebrick-mortarcomposite.Failurewithinthebrick
Room Temperature
itself suggests that either the particular brick contained a
E4 Practices for Force Verification of Testing Machines
serious flaw, or that the mortar joint strength is of the same
E177 Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias in
magnitude or greater than that of the refractory brick. The
ASTM Test Methods
mode of failure should always be reported in the final report.
E691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to
3
Determine the Precision of a Test Method
3.5 A ruggedness test for this test method performed in
1985foundthefollowingvariablestoberugged:specimensize
3. Significance and Use
(2.5 to 3.0 in.), mortared surface (cut versus uncut), joint
1 1
3.1 The data developed by this test method show the
thickness ( ⁄16 to ⁄8 in.), pulling of rods (fast versus slow), the
bonding strength and intrinsic strength of different qualities of
loading rate (500 to 1000 lbf/min), the method of load
air-setting mortar.The procedures described in this test method
application (3- versus 4-point), and the operator.
3.6 The cold bonding strengths of refractory mortars ob-
tained by this test method are suitable for use in research and
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C08 on
development, quality control, and for establishing and evalu-
Refractories and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C08.01 on Strength.
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2009. Published January 2010. Originally
ating compliance with specifications between producers and
approved in 1945. Last previous edition approved in 2008 as C198 – 02 (2008).
consumers.
DOI: 10.1520/C0198-09.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
3
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on Supporting data on ruggedness testing is available from ASTM International.
the ASTM website. Request RR:C08-1008.
Copyright © ASTM International, 1
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:C198–02 (Reapproved 2008) Designation:C198–09
Standard Test Method for
1
Cold Bonding Strength of Refractory Mortar
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C198; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 Thistestmethodcoversthedeterminationofthebondingstrengthofair-settingrefractorymortarbydeterminingtheflexural
strength (modulus of rupture) at room temperature of oven-dried brick-mortar joints.
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
C78 Test Method for Flexural Strength of Concrete (Using Simple Beam with Third-Point Loading)
C133 Test Methods for Cold Crushing Strength and Modulus of Rupture of Refractories
C651 Test Method for Flexural Strength of Manufactured Carbon and Graphite Articles Using Four-Point Loading at Room
Temperature
E4 Practices for Force Verification of Testing Machines Practices for Force Verification of Testing Machines
E177 Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias in ASTM Test Methods
E691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to Determine the Precision of a Test Method
3. Significance and Use
3.1 The data developed by this test method show the bonding strength and intrinsic strength of different qualities of air-setting
mortar. The procedures described in this test method measure the bonding strength and intrinsic strength of air-setting mortars
when used with specific brands or lots of refractory brick.
3.2 Note that it is possible to obtain results with these methods for brick and mortar combinations which are incompatible for
use at high operating temperatures. The user must determine this compatibility. Only brick and mortar combinations known or
intended to be compatible for a particular use should be tested.
3.3 Properties of the brick, including its strength, apparent porosity, and pore size distribution, can affect the measurement of
both the bonding strength of the brick-mortar composite and the intrinsic strength of the mortar. The average modulus of rupture
of the test brick, as determined by Test Method C133, should exceed that expected for the mortar being tested. The testing of
specific brands or lots of brick and mortar is preferred.
3.4 Three modes of failure are available: the break may occur within the brick itself, at the brick-mortar interface, or within the
mortar itself.The latter provides a practical measurement of the strength of the mortar itself and is the predominant mode of failure
with the four-point flexure test described. The three-point flexure test measures the failure strength of the brick-mortar composite.
Failure within the brick itself suggests that either the particular brick contained a serious flaw, or that the mortar joint strength is
of the same magnitude or greater than that of the refractory brick.The mode of failure should always be reported in the final report.
3
3.5 A ruggedness test for this test method performed in 1985 found the following variables to be rugged: specimen size (2.5
1 1
to 3.0 in.), mortared surface (cut versus uncut), joint thickness ( ⁄16 to ⁄8 in.), pulling of rods (fast versus slow), the loading rate
(500 to 1000 lbf/min), the method of load application (3- versus 4-point), and the operator.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C08 on Refractories and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C08.01 on Strength.
Current edition approved Aug. 1, 2008. Published September 2008. Originally approved in 1945. Last previous edition approved in 2002 as C198–02. DOI:
10.1520/C0198-02R08.
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2009. Published January 2010. Originally approved in 1945. Last previous edition approved in 2008 as C198 – 02 (2008). DOI:
10.1520/C0198-09.
2
For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service
...
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