ASTM D5009-02(2023)

This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D5009 − 02 (Reapproved 2023)
Standard Test Method for
Evaluating and Comparing Transfer Efficiency of Spray
Applied Coatings Under Laboratory Conditions
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5009; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
1.1 This test method covers the evaluation and comparison
of the transfer efficiency of spray-applied coatings under D1200 Test Method for Viscosity by Ford Viscosity Cup
D2369 Test Method for Volatile Content of Coatings
controlled laboratory conditions.
D3925 Practice for Sampling Liquid Paints and Related
1.2 This test method has been shown to yield excellent
Pigmented Coatings
intralaboratory reproducibility. Interlaboratory precision is
2.2 National Fire Protection Association Documents
poorer and is highly dependent on closely controlled air flow in
NFPA 33 Spray Application Using Flammable and Combus-
the spray booth, the rate at which the paint is delivered to the
tible Materials
part, and other variables suggested in the test method.
NFPA 86 Standard for Ovens and Furnaces
1.3 Limitations:
1.3.1 This laboratory procedure only indicates the direction
3. Terminology
of the effect of spray variables on transfer efficiency. The
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
magnitude of the effect is determined only by specific plant
3.1.1 conveyor speed, n—the speed of the conveyor in
experience.
centimeters per minute during the test.
NOTE 1—This laboratory procedure requires specific equipment and
3.1.2 fluid mass flow rate, n—the mass flow rate of paint in
procedures. For those laboratories that do not have access to the type of
grams per minute during the test.
equipment required a more general laboratory procedure is being prepared
as Procedure B.
3.1.3 mass of foil, n—the weight of each target foil in grams
before being painted.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
standard. The values given in parentheses are for information
3.1.4 mass of foil plus paint solids, n—the weight of each
only. target foil in grams after being painted and baked.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
3.1.5 mass of paint solids, n—the difference in the mass of
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the the foils before painting and the mass of the foils after painting
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
and baking. This is the sum of the mass of the foil plus paint
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter- solids less the sum of the mass of the foil.
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
3.1.6 transfer effıciency, n—the ratio of the mass of the paint
For specific hazard statements, see Section 7 and 8.11.9 and
solids deposited on the foil to the mass of the paint solids
8.13.2.
sprayed during the test expressed as a percent.
1.6 This international standard was developed in accor-
3.1.7 weight percent solids, n—the solids content in percent
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
of the total weight of a sample of the paint used during the test.
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
4. Summary of Test Method
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
4.1 Metal panels covered with preweighed aluminum foil
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
are conveyed in a spraybooth past a fixed spraygun. The coated
1 2
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D01 on Paint For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
and Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications and is the direct responsibility of contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Subcommittee D01.55 on Factory Applied Coatings on Preformed Products. Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
Current edition approved June 1, 2023. Published June 2023. Originally the ASTM website.
approved in 1996. Last previous edition approved in 2017 as D5009 – 02 (2017). Available from National Fire Protection Association (NFPA), 1 Batterymarch
DOI: 10.1520/D5009-02R23. Park, Quincy, MA 02169-7471, http://www.nfpa.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D5009 − 02 (2023)
foils are then baked to remove volatile matter. The transfer 7. Hazards
efficiency is calculated on a weight basis using the solids
7.1 For specific hazard information and guidance, consult
content and quantity of the paint sprayed and the amount of
the supplier’s Safety Data Sheet (SDS) for the materials used.
solids on the coated aluminum foil target.
8. Procedure
5. Significance and Use
8.1 Set up the spray apparatus paint supply and the mass
5.1 Subject to the limitations listed above, the procedure can
flow measurement equipment in accordance with the manufac-
be used as a research tool to optimize spray equipment and
turer’s instructions.
paint formulations as well as to study the relative effect on
8.1.1 In accordance with Chapter 9-11 of NFPA 33, all
transfer efficiency of changing operating variables, spray
electrically conductive objects in the spray area, except those
application equipment, and types of coatings.
objects required by the process to be at high voltage, shall be
adequately grounded.
6. Apparatus
8.2 Agitate paint in a closed container at least 30 min before
6.1 Laboratory Scale, accurate to 60.001 g for weight
any paint samples are taken.
percent solids determination.
8.3 Using an airtight container take a paint grab sample
6.2 Platform Scale, accurate, or equivalent, to 60.01 g for
from the paint pot in accordance with Practice D3925.
mass of foil, mass of foil plus paint, and mass flow rate
8.4 Determine and record the following from the paint
instrumentation calibration.
sample:
6.3 Mass Flow Rate Meter, or mass flow rate determination
8.4.1 Viscosity determined in accordance with Test Method
method, accurate to 62 % of the mass flow rate to be used
D1200.
during the test.
8.4.2 Weight percent solids determined in accordance with
6.4 Conveyor Timer or conveyor timing method, accurate to
Test Method D2369. If the baking temperature in Test Method
61 % of the conveyor speed to be used during the test. The
D2369 is inadequate, use the manufacturers recommended cure
equipment may consist of photoelectric cells or limit switches
schedule.
used in conjunction with a digital timer or timing marks on the
8.4.3 Resistivity for the samples being applied electrostati-
conveyor used in conjunction with a stopwatch. Take at least cally (An ASTM method is under development).
two readings with a stopwatch and average the readings.
8.5 Set up the conveyor speed measuring equipment.
6.5 Targets, consisting of a set of ten steel panels 15.2 cm (6
8.6 Cut the aluminum foil to dimensions of 38 cm (15 in.)
in.) wide by 0.15875 cm (0.0625 in.) with 0.635 cm (0.25 in.)
by approximately 127 cm (50 in.) or 5 cm (2 in.) longer than
radius corners. A minimum panel length of 121.9 cm (48 in.)
the length of the target panel.
should be used. The length of the panel should be set so that a
8.7 Consecutively number each precut foil strip before
minimum of 30.4 cm (12 in.) above and below the spray
weighing using a permanent marking pen.
pattern is achieved.
6.5.1 It is essential to do this so that the entire height of the
8.8 Weigh each test foil strip and record the uncoated
spray pattern is effectively captured.
weight and the foil number.
6.6 Aluminum Foil, medium temper or equivalent, 1.5 mil
8.9 Attach the preweighed, labeled test foil to six targets
(0.0037 cm) thick.
using the technique shown in Fig. 1. Attach the unlabeled foil
on four scavenger targets as shown in Fig. 1.
6.7 Back-Draw Water Wash Spray Booth, or equivalent. The
booth should be a minimum of 1.8 m (6 ft) wide and capable
8.10 Mount the foil covered targets in consecutive order as
of up to 0.61 m/s (120 ft/min) air velocity in the middle at the
shown in Fig. 2, with the foil seam on each target facing a
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