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ASTM C611-98(2005)e1

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Electrical Resistivity of Manufactured Carbon and Graphite Articles at Room Temperature

Standard Test Method for Electrical Resistivity of Manufactured Carbon and Graphite Articles at Room Temperature

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This test method provides a means of determining the electrical resistivity of carbon or graphite specimens. The use of specimens that do not conform to the specimen size limitations described in the test method may result in an alteration of test method accuracy.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the electrical resistivity of manufactured carbon and graphite articles at room temperature.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.
1.3This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
30-Apr-2005
ICS
71.100.99 - Other products of the chemical industry
Technical Committee
D02 - Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants
Drafting Committee
D02.F0 - Manufactured Carbon and Graphite Products
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM C611-98 - Standard Test Method for Electrical Resistivity of Manufactured Carbon and Graphite Articles at Room Temperature
Effective Date
01-May-2005
Replaced By
ASTM C611-98(2010)e1 - Standard Test Method for Electrical Resistivity of Manufactured Carbon and Graphite Articles at Room Temperature
Effective Date
01-May-2010
Referred By
ASTM D6120-97(2017)e1 - Standard Test Method for Electrical Resistivity of Anode and Cathode Carbon Material at Room Temperature
Effective Date
01-May-2005
Referred By
ASTM C781-20 - Standard Practice for Testing Graphite Materials for Gas-Cooled Nuclear Reactor Components
Effective Date
01-May-2005
Referred By
ASTM C1783-15 - Standard Guide for Development of Specifications for Fiber Reinforced Carbon-Carbon Composite Structures for Nuclear Applications
Effective Date
01-May-2005
Referred By
ASTM C1793-15 - Standard Guide for Development of Specifications for Fiber Reinforced Silicon Carbide-Silicon Carbide Composite Structures for Nuclear Applications
Effective Date
01-May-2005
Referred By
ASTM D7775-21 - Standard Guide for Measurements on Small Graphite Specimens
Effective Date
01-May-2005
Referred By
ASTM C783-85(2020) - Standard Practice for Core Sampling of Graphite Electrodes
Effective Date
01-May-2005
Referred By
ASTM D6354-23 - Standard Guide for Sampling Plan and Core Sampling of Carbon Cathode Blocks Used in Aluminum Production
Effective Date
01-May-2005

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ASTM C611-98(2005)e1 - Standard Test Method for Electrical Resistivity of Manufactured Carbon and Graphite Articles at Room TemperatureASTM C611-98(2005)e1 - Standard Test Method for Electrical Resistivity of Manufactured Carbon and Graphite Articles at Room Temperature
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ASTM C611-98(2005)e1 - Standard Test Method for Electrical Resistivity of Manufactured Carbon and Graphite Articles at Room Temperature
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Standards Content (Sample)


NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
AnAmerican National Standard
´1
Designation:C611–98 (Reapproved 2005)
Standard Test Method for
Electrical Resistivity of Manufactured Carbon and Graphite
Articles at Room Temperature
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C611; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
´ NOTE—Editorial changes were made to Figure 3 in May 2005.
1. Scope 4. Apparatus
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the elec- 4.1 The means for applying current and potential terminals
tricalresistivityofmanufacturedcarbonandgraphitearticlesat to the specimen is specified in 5.2.3.1. A typical specimen
room temperature. holder is shown in Fig. 1.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the 4.2 Bridge, Potentiometer,or Suitable Digital Voltmeter,
standard. with necessary accessories for making resistance measure-
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the ments with a limit of error of less than 0.5 %. Fig. 2
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the schematically depicts two wiring diagrams that have been
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro- found satisfactory for this purpose.
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica- 4.3 The means for measuring the dimensions of the speci-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. men should be adequate to determine its gage length and its
mean area of cross section, each within 0.5 %.
2. Terminology
5. Test Specimen
2.1 Definition:
2.1.1 resistivity—the property of a material that determines 5.1 Thetestspecimenmaybeintheformofastrip,rod,bar,
its resistance to the flow of an electrical current. It is defined as or tube.
the value of r, in milliohm metres, as follows: 5.2 In order to determine the resistivity, each specimen shall
conform to the following:
r5 ~R·A!/L
5.2.1 The cross-sectional area shall be uniform within
where: 0.75 %.Ingeneral,thediameterofcircularcrosssection,orthe
R = resistance of a specimen of the material of uniform
thickness and width of a strip specimen shall be determined by
cross section, ohms,
micrometer measurements, and a sufficient number of mea-
A = uniform cross section, mm , and
surements shall be made to obtain a mean cross-sectional area
L = distance between potential contacts, mm.
to within 0.5 %. The test specimen shall be machined to yield
2.1.1.1 In cases where resistivity is requested in ohm-
planar and parallel end faces. These faces shall be perpendicu-
inches, multiply r in milliohm metres by 0.03937.
lar to the specimen length to within 0.001 mm/mm. All
surfaces shall have a surface finish visually comparable to 0.8
3. Significance and Use
µm (32 µin.) rms. Reasonable care should be exercised to
3.1 This test method provides a means of determining the
assure that all edges are sharp and without chips or other flaws.
electrical resistivity of carbon or graphite specimens. The use
5.2.2 The test specimen shall show no defects observable
of specimens that do not conform to the specimen size
with normal vision and shall be free of surface deposits.
limitations described in the test method may result in an
5.2.3 The minimum ratio of specimen length to maximum
alteration of test method accuracy.
cross-sectional dimension (width or diameter) shall be 6 : 1.
5.2.3.1 The gage length may be measured by any scale that
will give an accuracy of 60.5 % in the length measured. In the
direction of the length of the specimen, the dimension of each
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
Petroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
potential contact shall be not more than 0.5 % of the distance
D02.F0 on Manufactured Carbon and Graphite Products .
betweenthepotentialcontacts.Theminimumdistancebetween
Current edition approved May 1, 2005. Published May 2005. Originally
each potential contact and the adjacent current contact shall be
approved in 1969. Last previous edition approved in 1998 as C611 – 98. DOI:
10.1520/C0611-98R05E01. the maximum cross-sectional dimension (width or diameter) of
Copyright ©ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA19428-2959, United States.
´1
C611–98 (2005)
1—Base block 12—Wire gauze holder
2—Pivot block 13—Pivot red
3—Current block adjustable 14—Screw: sockethead
4—Current block stationary 15—Roundhead screw
5—Clamp block 16—Roundhead screw
6—Clamp screw 17—Roundhead screw
7—Brush holder 18—Screw, sockethead
8—Contacts 19—Set screw
9—Current block support 20—Neoprene
10—Current block guide 21—Wire gauze
11—Pivot bracket 22—Set screw
NOTE—Contacts for the voltage and current probes may be made through channels drilled in the brush holders (7) and the current blocks (3 and 4),
respectively.
FIG. 1 Typical Test Apparatus
the specimen. If knife edges are used, they shall be parallel to 7.1.1 Clean the surface of the specimen at current and
each other and perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of potential contact points to obtain good electrical contact.
the sample. The minimum ratio of gage length to maximum Mount the sample in the test apparatus, apply current, and
cross-sectional dimension (width or diameter) shall be 4 : 1. measure the voltage. Take four measurements, on each side of
5.2.4 No dimension shall be smaller than five times the arectangularspecimen,orat90°(p/2radians)apartonaround
length of the largest visible particle.
specimen. Reverse the current direction and take four measure-
5.2.5 No joints or splices are permissible, unless this is the ments again. Remove the specimen from the test apparatus,
variable under study.
turn it end for end, replace it in the apparatus, and repeat the
measurements. The total of 16 measurements is recommended
6. Conditioning
to minimize errors due
...

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Standard Test Method for Flexural Strength of Manufactured Carbon and Graphite Articles Using Three-Point Loading at Room Temperature

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4.1 This test method provides a framework for material development, quality control, characterization, and design data generation purposes. The user needs to assess the applicability of the method on the specific material and for the intended use, as shown by the interlaboratory study.  
4.2 This test method determines the maximum loading on a graphite specimen with simple beam geometry in three–point bending, and it provides a means for the calculation of flexural strength at ambient temperature and environmental conditions.  
4.3 The flexure stress is computed based on simple beam theory with assumptions that the material is isotropic and homogeneous, the moduli of elasticity in tension and compression are identical, and the material is linearly elastic. For materials with large grains, the minimum specimen dimension should be significantly larger than the maximum grain size (see Guide D7775).  
4.4 Flexural strength of a group of test specimens is influenced by several parameters associated with the test procedure. Such factors include the loading rate, test environment, specimen size, specimen preparation, and test fixtures. Specimen sizes and fixtures should be chosen to reduce errors due to material variability or testing parameters, such as friction and non-parallelism of specimen surfaces.  
4.5 The flexural strength of a manufactured graphite or carbon material is dependent on both its inherent resistance to fracture and the size and severity of flaws. Variations in these cause a natural scatter in test results for a sample of test specimens. Fractographic analysis of fracture surfaces, although beyond the scope of this standard, is highly recommended for all purposes, especially if the data will be used for design as discussed in Practices C1239 and C1322.  
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1.1 This test method covers determination of the flexural strength of manufactured carbon and graphite articles using a square, rectangular or cylindrical beam in three-point loading at room temperature.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
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ASTM C651-20(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Flexural Strength of Manufactured Carbon and Graphite Articles Using Four-Point Loading at Room Temperature

ABSTRACT
This test method details the standard procedures for determining the flexural strength of manufactured carbon and graphite articles using a simple beam in four-point loading at room temperature. The four-point loading fixture shall consist of spherical bearing blocks of hardened steel or its equivalent to ensure that forces applied to the beam are normal only and without eccentricity, and distortion of the loading member is prevented. Judicious use of linkages, rocker bearings, and flexure plates may maintain the parallel direction of loads and reactions. The test specimens shall be prepared to yield a parallelepiped with cross sections that are rectangular, faces that are parallel and flat, and edges that are free from visible flaws and chips.
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This test method may be used for material development, quality control, characterization, and design data generation purposes.  
4.2 This test method determines the maximum loading on a graphite specimen with simple beam geometry in 4-point bending, and it provides a means for the calculation of flexural strength at ambient temperature and environmental conditions.
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